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The Didache (The Teaching) First Christian Catechism
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Chapter 5 TEHILIM (Book of Psalms) Chapter 81 A shofar is an instrument made from the horn of a ram or other kosher animal. It was used in ancient Israel to announce the New Moon (Rosh Chodesh) and call people together. Saint Paul has a different opinion of Rosh Chodesh, Sabbath Days, circumcision, and the worship of angels and elementals.. Colossians 2 We need to separate the wheat from the chaff. Meaning focusing on the commands of Hashem and letting go of human traditions and false teachers not rooted in divine revelation. Paul's words were no different than Hashem's revelations to the Prophet Isaiah. Observing Sabbaths is not bad, but what is truly important is removing evil from our lives and focusing on doing good works and putting Hashem first. We need to atone for our sins before coming into presence of Hashem. The Great Isaiah Scroll Chapter 1 Philippians 2 Hashem knew that other religious cults were practicing new moon festivals. In my opinion that is why He did not put as much ritual importance to them. But, Hashem also knew that it was important for his people to know the season and date they were living in. For me the strength of the flood and creation story repeated in similar cultures shows me that Judaism has a genealogical, cultural and linguistic relationship with Akkadian Semitic speakers from the family of Noah. Their concepts of Hashem became corrupted by cultural concepts of forces of nature. Zoroastrian and Judaism culture of one God survived, the other Polytheist religions with the exception of Hinduism lost their popularity are now considered satanic cults. These pagan spirits are still very much alive in our time and twisting into new media truths of whether they are good or bad. Without the power of discernment they may eventually evolve back into their former selves with a new community of believers. This is why I have taken the time to understand the spirits of the past. I apologize to the reader if my writing seems to go off on various tangents, but one understanding builds a bridge to another. God willing I will finish this section of understanding idolatry soon and come to a profound simple truth. The main Sumerian deities are: Anu: god of heaven, the firmament Enlil: god of the air (from Lil = Air); patron deity of Nippur Enki: god of freshwater, male fertility, and knowledge; patron deity of Eridu Ereshkigal: goddess of the underworld, Kigal or Irkalla Inanna: goddess of warfare, female fertility, and sexual love; matron deity of Uruk Nammu was the primeval sea (Engur), who gave birth to An (heaven) and Ki (earth) and the first deities; eventually became known as the goddess Tiamat Ninhursag: goddess of the earth Nanna: god of the moon; one of the patron deities of Ur Ningal: wife of Nanna Ninlil: an air goddess and wife of Enlil; one of the matron deities of Nippur; she was believed to reside in the same temple as Enlil Ninurta: god of war, agriculture, one of the Sumerian wind gods; patron deity of Girsu, and one of the patron deities of Lagash Utu: god of the sun at the E-babbar temple of Sippar Anzud was the villain of the Sumerian assembly of gods. Is it possible that the Sumerian god Anzud over time evolved to the Assyrian Ashur and then became the symbol of Faravahar of the Zoroastrian religion? National Museum of Iraq, Baghdad. Description: Pendant of a lion-headed eagle, thought to represent the Anzud bird from the Sumerian myth. Daniel 7 Anzud (Anzû is Akkadian, before misread as Zû, also known as Imdugud in Sumerian) means (from An "heaven" and Zu "to know." Anzud is a lesser divinity or monster of Akkadian mythology, and the son of the bird goddess Siris. He was conceived by the pure waters of the Apsu and the wide Earth. Both Anzud and Siris are seen as massive birds who can breathe fire and water, although Anzudis alternately seen as a lion-headed eagle (like a reverse griffin). Imdugud (Sumerian) or Anzû (Akkadian). Anzud was a servant of the chief sky god Enlil, guard of the throne in Enlil's sanctuary, (possibly previously a symbol of Anu), from whom Anzud stole the Tablet of Destinies, so hoping to determine the fate of all things. In one version of the legend, the gods sent Lugalbanda to retrieve the tablets, who killed Anzu. In another, Ea and Belet-Ili conceived Ninurta for the purpose of retrieving the tablets. In a third legend, found in The Hymn of Ashurbanipal, Marduk is said to have killed Anzu. Ham is the Chaldean Anzu, and both are cursed for the same allegorically described crime," which parallels the mutilation of Uranos by Kronos and of Set by Horus. Hammurabi might actually mean "Ham the Great Anzu and the Tablet of Destinies From the Sumerian Gal = great, Lu = man, in Sumerian and Akkadian (Babylonian and Assyrian) mythology, the Gallus (also called gallu demons or gallas [Akkadian: gallû) were great demons/devils of the underworld. Gallu demons hauled unfortunate victims off to the underworld. They were one of seven devils (or "the offspring of hell") of Babylonian theology that could be appeased by the sacrifice of a lamb at their altars. Lilitu (Hebrew "Lilith," "Lillith," or "Lilit") was a Mesopotamian night demon with a penchant for destroying children. In Akkadian mythology, Antu or Antum was the first consort of Anu, and the pair were the parents of the Anunnaki and the Utukki. Aya (or Aja) in Akkadian mythology was a mother goddess, consort of the sun god Shamash. Aya developed from the Sumerian goddess Šherida, consort of Utu. TABLET 1 In Sumerian mythology, Anu (also An; from Sumerian *An = sky, heaven) was a sky-god, the god of heaven, lord of constellations, king of gods, spirits and demons, and dwelt in the highest heavenly regions. It was believed that he had the power to judge those who had committed crimes, and that he had created the stars as soldiers to destroy the wicked. His attribute was the royal tiara. His attendant and minister of state was the god Ilabrat. http://firstlegend.info/van.html Igigi was a term used to refer to the gods of heaven in Sumerian mythology. Though sometimes synonymous with the term "Annunaki," in one myth the Igigi were the younger gods who were servants of the Annunaki, until they rebelled and were replaced by the creation of humans. Enki is a god in Sumerian mythology, later known as Ea in Akkadian and Babylonian mythology. He was originally patron god of the city of Eridu, but later the influence of his cult spread throughout Mesopotamia and to the Canaanites, Hittites and Hurrians. He was the deity of crafts (gašam); mischief; water, seawater, lakewater (a, aba, ab), intelligence (gestú, literally "ear") and creation (Nudimmud: nu, likeness, dim mud, make beer). He was associated with the southern band of constellations called stars of Ea, but also with the constellation AŠ-IKU, the Field (Square of Pegasus). Beginning around the second millennium BCE, he was sometimes referred to in writing by the numeric ideogram for "40," occasionally referred to as his "sacred number." The planet Mercury, associated with Babylonian Nabu (the son of Marduk) was in Sumerian times, identified with Enki. Mami is a goddess in the Babylonian epic Atra-Hasis and in other creation legends. She was probably synonymous with Ninhursag. She was involved in the creation of humankind from clay and blood. As Nintu legends states she pinched off fourteen pieces of primordial clay which she formed into womb deities, seven on the left and seven on the right with a brick between them, who produced the first seven pairs of human embryos. She may have become Belet Ili ("Mistress of the Gods") when, at Enki's suggestion, the gods slew one amongst themselves and used that god's blood and flesh, mixed with clay, to create humankind. Also known as Belet-ili, or Nintu. Alternative forms of her name include Mama and Mammitum. Belet-ili is Sumerian goddess of the womb. The gods asked her to create mankind for them. She created men, so they could till the soils and dig canals, and she created women so that they could continue to bear men. Seven of each she created, so that after 600 years the people were already too numerous. The land became so noisy that Ellil could not sleep. The people were also sinful, eating their own children, so Ellil decided to wash them away with a great flood. He meant to keep the plan a secret from the people but the god Ea (Enki) told his protege Atrahasis what would happen and how he could save himself by means of a boat. The flood lasted seven days. In Sumerian mythology, Ninhursag (Ninḫursag) or Ninkharsag was a mother goddess of the mountains, and one of the seven great deities of Sumer. She is principally a fertility goddess. Temple hymn sources identify her as the 'true and great lady of heaven' (possibly in relation to her standing on the mountain) and kings of Sumer were 'nourished by Ninhursag's milk'. Her hair is sometimes depicted in an omega shape, and she at times wears a horned head-dress and tiered skirt, often with bow cases at her shoulders, and not infrequently carries a mace or baton surmounted by an omega motif or a derivation, sometimes accompanied by a lion cub on a leash. She is the tutelary deity to several Sumerian leaders. Copper Bull from the Temple of Ninhursag TABLET II ZINI (spirit of the wind) The shades or spirits of the deceased were known as gidim (GIDIM) in Sumerian, and as eṭemmu in Akkadian. The Sumerian word is analyzed as a compound of either gig "to be sick" and dim "a demon", or gi "black" + dim "to approach". Evil Spirit = Gidim Xul = Evil Ghost = Idimmu Lilu is a male demon while Lilitu and Ardat Lili are females. Hebrew: לילית; Arabic: ليليث; Akkadian: Līlītu, are female or male nisba adjectives from the proto-Semitic root L-Y-L meaning "Night," literally translating to nocturnal "female night being/demon", although cuneiform inscriptions where Lilit and Lilitu refers to disease-bearing wind spirits exist. http://usersites.horrorfind.com/home/horror/demon/necro-12.html The Magan Text In Assyrian and Babylonian mythology, Pazuzu (sometimes Fazuzu or Pazuza) was the king of the demons of the wind, and son of the god Hanbi. He also represented the southwestern wind, the bearer of storms and drought. In the 1971 novel The Exorcist and the movie based on the novel, Pazuzu is supposedly the evil spirit that possesses the young girl Regan MacNeil. He reappears in the 1977 sequel Exorcist II: The Heretic. In Sumerian and Akkadian mythology Hanbi or Hanpa (more commonly known in western text) was the father of Pazuzu, Enki and Humbaba. Hanbi is known as by some as the Lord of all evil spirits and was postulated to antagonize the entity Lamaştu in ancient Akkadian vignettes. In Japanese Oni Hanabi means demon flowers of fire (fireworks). The Oni are Japanese demons, often depicted as red ogre-like creatures with red, blue, brown or black skin, two horns on its head, a wide mouth filled with fangs, and wearing nothing but a tigerskin loincloth. It often carries an iron kanabo or a giant sword. Oni are depicted as evil. Yukijin’ demons carry spark-throwing columns of fire along the Demon footpath. Just above the town of Noboribetsu Onsen is an area called Jigokudani (Hell's Valley). In Shinto belief there lives a hot water oni demons named Yukijin, who watch over countless hot water springs and geysers throughout a Jigokudani gorge carved out by an ancient volcanic eruption of Mt. Hyoriyama around 10,000 years ago. In Japanese Jigoku (Mandarin Diyu) means "earth prison", realm of the dead, very similar to Christian, Chinese, and Judaism belief in Hell. When I visited Jigokundani my most vivid impression was the beauty of the place and getting startled by the The Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata). I also visited the Shinto Yoshida Shrine (吉田神社) located in Sakyō-ku in Kyoto, during my Semester at Sea trip in 1993. At the time I never fully grasped its importance of the Yoshida Shrine to Japanese culture. The Shrine was founded in 859 AD by the Fujiwara clan, a powerful Japanese family founded by founder, Nakatomi no Kamatari statesman, courtier and politician during the Asuka period (538 – 710). Nakatomi no Kamatari fought against the was a supporter of the Shinto religion founded in in Japan approximately 660 BC and fought the introduction of Buddhism into his country. I did not realize the Yoshida Shrine is the birthplace of hand tube fireworks until I read some articles on this topic. Noboribetsu Hell Festival begins with the Hell Parade with taiko drums and 1-ton mikoshi (miniature shrines), followed by the Yama (Lord of Death) Float and the massive Demon Dance. In Buddhist mythology, Yama (Sanskrit: यम) is a dharmapala (wrathful god) said to judge the dead and preside over the Narakas ("Hells" or "Purgatories") and the cycle of rebirth. In Chinese mythology, Yan (Chinese: t: 閻, s: 阎, p: Yán) is the god of death and the ruler of Diyu. From Vedic Sanskrit Yama Rājā (यम राज, "King Yama"), he is also known as Yanluowang (Yan). Chinese beliefs Yan subsequently spread to Korea and Japan. In Japan, he is called Enma (閻魔, prev. "Yenma"), King Enma (閻魔王, Enma-ō), and Great King Enma (閻魔大王, Enma Dai-Ō). King Enma and His Attendants (Hoshaku-ji Temple) The Jū-ō (lit. = 10 kings) concept is based on Chinese Taoism and was introduced to Japan during the Heian Period (794-1185 AD). The "Ten Kings" of Buddhist hell, venerated mainly by followers of the Shingon-shū sect. The Ten Kings - Byodo-o, Emma-o, Gokan-jo, Gotoenrin-o, Hensei-o, Shinko-o, Shoko-o, Gototenrin-o, Hensei-o, Shinko-o, Shoko-o, Sotei-o, Taizan-o, and Toshi-o are led by Emma-o Shingon Buddhism (真言宗 Shingon-shū) is one of the mainstream major schools of Japanese Buddhism and one of the few surviving Esoteric Buddhist lineages that started in the 3rd to 4th century AD that originally spread from India to China through traveling monks such as Vajrabodhi and Amoghavajra. The esoteric teachings would later flourish in Japan under the auspices of a Buddhist monk named Kūkai (空海), who traveled to Tang Dynasty China to acquire and request transmission of the esoteric teachings. For that reason, it is often called Japanese Esoteric Buddhism, or Orthodox Esoteric Buddhism. The word "Shingon" is the Japanese reading of the Kanji for the Chinese word Zhēnyán (真言), literally meaning "True Words", which in turn is the Chinese translation of the Sanskrit word mantra (मन्त्र). Vajrabodhi was the second of three Vajrayana missionaries to eighth-century China. He was born of a South Indian brahmin family, and his father was a priest for the royal house. Vajrabodhi probably converted to Buddhism at the age of sixteen, although some accounts place him at the Buddhist institution of Nālandā at the age of ten. He studied all varieties of Buddhism and was said to have studied for a time under the famous Buddhist logician Dharmakīrti. Under Santijnana, Vajrabodhi studied Vajrayāna teachings and was duly initiated into yoga. Vajrayāna (Devanagari: वज्रयान) is also known as Tantric Buddhism, Tantrayāna, Mantrayāna, Secret Mantra, Esoteric Buddhism and the Diamond Way or Thunderbolt Way. Vajrayāna is a complex and multifaceted system of Buddhist thought and practice which evolved over several centuries. Leaving India, Vajrabodhi traveled to Sri Lanka and Srivijaya (present-day Sumatra), where he apparently was taught a Vajrayāna tradition distinct from that taught at Nālandā. From Srivijaya he sailed to China via the escort of thirty-five Persian merchant-vessels, and by AD 720 was ensconced in the Jianfu Temple at the Chinese capital, Chang'an (present-day Xian). Accompanying him was his soon-to-be-famous disciple, Amoghavajra (Sanskrit: अमोघवज्र amoghavajra; Chinese: 不空, pīnyīn: Bùkōng, Japanese: Fukū; Vietnamese: Bất Không, Korean: 불공) (705–774). Vajrabodhi taught his disciple the Indian Buddhist Tattvasaṃgraha Tantra (Sanskrit) text that was very important for the development of the Vajrayana Yoga tantra traditions in India, Tibet, China, Japan and Sumatra, amongst others. The Tattvasaṃgraha is extant in Sanskrit, Tibetan and Chinese. Hevajra (Tibetan: ཀྱེའི་རྡོ་རྗེ་ kye'i rdo rje / kye rdo rje; Chinese: 喜金刚 Xǐ jīngāng;) is one of the main yidams (enlightened beings) in Tantric, or Vajrayana Buddhism. Hevajra's consort is Nairātmyā (Tibetan: bdag med ma).- 237 replies
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Interesting tidbit of information that I will have to research The Book of Jubilees From "The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament" R.H. Charles Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913
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The Didache (The Teaching) First Christian Catechism
Luke_Wilbur replied to Luke_Wilbur's topic in Christianity
Chapter 5 The fourth beast fighting the Holy Ones in the vision of the prophet Daniel is similar to Humbaba, Tiamat, and Anzud fighting against the assembly of Gods. Daniel 7 https://www.academia.edu/3984334/_The_Monsters_Gaze_Vision_as_Mediator_Between_Time_and_Space_in_the_Art_of_Mesopotamia._In_L._Feliu_et_al_Time_and_History_in_the_Ancient_Near_East_Proceedings_of_the_56th_Rencontre_Assyriologique_Internationale_at_Barcelona_26-30_July_10_285-300._Winona_Lake_Eisenbrauns_2013 One can imagine how the forth beast would look like. Star Wars ten horned Sith Lord, Darth Maul is described by George Lucas as "a figure from your worst nightmare." In Ancient Mesopotamian religion, Humbaba (Assyrian spelling) or Huwawa (Sumerian spelling), also Humbaba the Terrible, was a monstrous giant of immemorial age raised by Utu, the Sun. Utu (Akkadian rendition of Sumerian UD "Sun", Assyro-Babylonian Shamash "Sun") is the Sun god in Sumerian mythology, the son of the moon god Nanna and the goddess Ningal. His brother and sisters are Ishkur and the twins Inanna and Ereshkigal. Utu is the god of the sun, justice, application of law, and the lord of truth. He is usually depicted as wearing a horned helmet and carrying a saw-edged weapon not unlike a pruning saw. It is thought that every day, Utu emerges from a mountain in the east, symbolizing dawn, and travels either via chariot or boat across the Earth, returning to a hole in a mountain in the west, symbolizing sunset. Every night, Utu descends into the underworld to decide the fate of the dead. He is also depicted as carrying a mace, and standing with one foot on a mountain. Its symbol is "sun rays from the shoulders, and or sun disk or a saw". Stele of Utu Clay mask of the demon Huwawa From Sippar, southern Iraq, about 1800-1600 BC There is a George Burckhardt's translation of Gilgamesh describes Humbaba, "he had the paws of a lion and a body covered in horny scales; his feet had the claws of a vulture, and on his head were the horns of a wild bull; his tail and phallus each ended in a snake's head." Nanna is a Sumerian deity, the son of Enlil and Ninlil, and became identified with Semitic Sin. The two chief seats of Nanna's/Sin's worship were Ur in the south of Mesopotamia and Harran in the north. From the earliest times, the bull was lunar in Mesopotamia its horns representing the crescent moon. Nandi (Sanskrit: नन्दी, Tamil: நந்தி, Telugu: న౦ది) is the name for the bull which serves as the mount (Sanskrit: Vahana) of the god Shiva and as the gate keeper of Shiva and Parvati. In Hindu Religion, he is the chief guru of eighteen masters (18 siddhas) including Patanjali and Thirumular.emples venerating Shiva display stone images of a seated Nandi, generally facing the main shrine. There are also a number of temples dedicated solely to Nandi. Nandi Hills or Nandidurg (Anglicised forms include Nandidrug and Nandydroog) is an ancient hill fortress of southern India, in the Chikkaballapur district of Karnataka state. It is located just 10 km from Chickballapur town and approximately 60 km from the city of Bangalore. The hill gets its name from an ancient, 1300 year old Dravidian style Nandi temple situated on this hill. The temple was originally constructed during the 9th century AD by Bana Queen Ratnavali, in the Dravidian style of architecture. Nandi as a separate god can be traced back to Indus Valley Civilization, where dairy farming was the most important occupation, thus explaining the appearance of various artifacts, such as the 'Pashupati Seal,' steatite seal (dating from 2600–1900 BCE) discovered at Mohenjo-daro. The seal depicts a seated, possibly ithyphallic and tricephalic, figure with a horned headdress surrounded by animals.Pashupati and is believed to have been worshiped as the keeper of herds. Other belive the Pashupati stele to be one of the earliest depictions of the Hindu god Shiva (The seal is named after "Pashupati", an epithet of Shiva) or Rudra, who is associated with asceticism, yoga, and linga; regarded as a lord of animal; and often depicted as having three heads. Is there a connection between the Indus Pashupati and the Sumerian Nanna? The Pashupati stele and first First Dynasty of Ur is estimated 2600 BC. Nandini (Kamadhenu (Sanskrit: कामधेनु [kaːməˈd̪ʱeːnʊ] Kāmadhenu, also known as Surabhi, सुरभि Surabhī) is the female aspect of Shiva's bull and mother of all cows. She is a miraculous "cow of plenty" who provides her owner whatever he desires and is often portrayed as the mother of other cattle as well as the eleven Rudras. In iconography, she is generally depicted as a white cow with a female head and breasts or as a white cow containing various deities within her body. All cows are venerated in Hinduism as the earthly embodiment of the Kamadhenu. As such, Kamadhenu is not worshipped independently as a goddess, and temples are not dedicated to her honor alone; rather, she is honored by the veneration of cows in general throughout the observant Hindu population. Sabaean Incense Burner Attar (Aramaic); Athtar (South Arabia); Astar (Abyssinia); Ashtar (Moab); Ashtar(t) (Canaan); Ishtar (Assyro-Babylonian) is the morning star and thunderstorm god, dispensing natural irrigation in the form of rain. In more southerly regions Attar is known as Dhu-Samani. Men from the village, wearing grass skirts and headdresses fashioned from cattle horns, perform the Kambala dance. Expedition across Africa - Kambala dance in Kadugli in the Nuba Mountains, Sudan Ezekiel 43 TEHILIM (Book of Psalms) Chapter 75 TEHILIM (Book of Psalms) Chapter 118- 237 replies
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The Didache (The Teaching) First Christian Catechism
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Chapter 5 The Akitu Festival: Religious Continuity and Royal Legitimation in Mesopotamia By Julye Bidmead Page 98 Knights of Babylon 2012 Mardi Gras Parade New Orleans The Knights of Babylon king waves to the crowd I visited Hampi, India during their New Year celebration in 1993. I remember Indians putting orange dots on celebrants heads from a giant wooden temple cart. Assyrian New Year 6759 - Nohadra, Iraq - Crowd singing with Ashur Bet Sargis There are Annual Hare Krisha parades throughout the world. Hashem's Chariot in Ezekiel's vision would have put awe in Babylon's parade. When Hashem was living within the Ark he did not want to be placed on a cart with wheels. Unfortunately David did not take heed and move the Ark according to the specifications of the Mosaic Law but according to customary practice of other nations like Babylon. 2 Samuel 6 The one parade I would have like to have seen is Jesus entering His Father's city. Hashem allowed the Philistines to bring back the Ark in a cart pulled by oxen. They did not understand Mosaic law or make a covenant with Hashem. Therefore they were not bound by it. They also made an offering to Hashem of gold that was placed in the cart. 1 Samuel 6 Priests were to carry the Ark by hand gripping poles made of acacia wood. Only the Kohathites were allowed to transport the Ark. But, even they were not allowed to see or touch it.This differs from pagan idols that people touched. Numbers 4 Although we like festivals and parades and seasonal festivals. Hashem detests any celebration of false idols, moon, stars, animals, and the material world. Isaiah 1 The Parade for Jesus was just. He was the lamb to be sacrificed for atonement of our sins. People were allowed the opportunity to glimpse and touch the greatest prophet of mankind. Although, those in power did not want to believe what they saw and heard. They wanted to control the voice of Hashem. Matthew 21 In addition to the earth and the heavens, even the weakest human beings bring praise to their Creator. David’s point was that even small children acknowledge and honor God whereas older, more sophisticated adults often deny Him. Psalm 8 1 Corinthians 1- 237 replies
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The Didache (The Teaching) First Christian Catechism
Luke_Wilbur replied to Luke_Wilbur's topic in Christianity
The Didache Chapter 5 During Shammuramat's reign Hazael (/ˈheɪziəl/; Hebrew: חֲזָהאֵל or חזאל[1]ḤaZa'eL; Aramaic, from the triliteral Semitic root h-z-y, "to see"; his full name meaning, "God has seen") was King of the Aram-Damascus empire that ruled over large parts of Syria and Palestine. During his approximately 46-year reign (c. 842 BC-796 BC), King Hazael led the Arameans in battle against the forces of King Jehoram of Israel and King Ahaziah of Judah. After defeating them at Ramoth-Gilead, Hazael repelled two attacks by the Assyrians, seized Israelite territory east of the Jordan, the Philistine city of Gath, and sought to take Jerusalem as well. In 842 BC God tells the prophet Elijah to anoint Hazael king over Syria. 1 Kings 19 2 Kings 8 2 Kings 10 2 Kings 13 2 Kings 17 Hoshea (Hebrew: הושע, Modern Hoshea Tiberian Hôšēăʻ ; "salvation"; Latin: Osee) was the last king of the Israelite Kingdom of Israel and son of Elah (who may or may not be the Israelite king Elah). William F. Albright dated reign to 732–721 BC, while E. R. Thiele offered the dates 732–723 BC. Ezekiel (622 - 570 BC) at the age of 25, was amongst 3,000 upper class Jews who were exiled to Babylon. Ezekiel on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican between 1508 to 1512, fresco, restored. Ezekiel 24 Daniel (Hebrew: דָּנִיֵּאל, Modern Daniyyel Tiberian Dāniyyêl ; Arabic: دانيال) is the protagonist in the Book of Daniel of the Hebrew Bible (628 - 537 BC). In the narrative, Daniel was one of several children taken into Babylonian captivity where they were educated in Chaldean thought. Daniel was then taken into the court of the king of Babylon and had become his prime minister. Daniel 1 Ezekiel knew of Daniel and considered him to be righteous. He dwelled with the captives who had been brought down to the rivers of Babylon. Ezekiel 14 Did winged spirits and the Tree of Life originate in Assyria? Image Title : Winged females standing before the sacred tree. (Nimroud) [Calah] Additional Name(s) : Layard, Austen Henry, Sir, 1817-1894 -- Author New York Public Library The above stele reminds me of a Christmas tree with an angel on the top. Did Ezekiel’s vision of Hashem on a throne chariot come from a Babylon temple float? Knights of Babylon The Knights of Babylon pay homage to the splendor of this fabled ancient city by annually presenting a Mardi Gras parade in New Orleans. http://www.knightsofbabylon.com/home.html http://www.bibleorigins.net/EzekielsCherubim.html Akitu (or Akītum; Sumerian ezen á-ki-tum, akiti-šekinku (á-ki-ti-še-gur10-ku5) "cutting of barley", akiti-šununum "sowing of barley", Babylonian akitu, also rêš-šattim "head of the year") was a spring festival in ancient Mesopotamia. In Babylonian religion it came to be dedicated to Marduk's victory over Tiamat.- 237 replies
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The Didache (The Teaching) First Christian Catechism
Luke_Wilbur replied to Luke_Wilbur's topic in Christianity
The Didache Chapter 5 Genesis 14 There is a theory that tectonic shifting along the Jordan-Gihon rift may have caused this valley's further submersion under the Dead Sea, and that the "divine fire and brimstone" was an explosion of natural gas released by a ground movement. The Book of Jasher (Book of the Just Man) mentions that the subjects and princes of Nimrod called him by the name Amraphel. Published in November 1751, the title page of the book says: "translated into English by Flaccus Albinus Alcuinus, of Britain, Abbot of Canterbury, who went on a pilgrimage into the Holy Land and Persia, where he discovered this volume in the city of Gazna." The book claims to be written by Jasher, son of Caleb, one of Moses' lieutenants, who later judged Israel at Shiloh. Jasher covers Biblical history from the creation down to Jasher's own day and was represented as being the Lost Book of Jasher mentioned in the Bible. Jasher [sefer ha-yashar] Chapter 11 Translation of: Sefer ha-yashar Reprint. Previously published: Salt Lake City : J.H. Parry, 1887 Book from the collections of: Harvard University Collection: americana The Sefer haYashar (first edition 1552) is a Hebrew midrash also known as the Toledot Adam and Dibre ha-Yamim be-'Aruk. The Hebrew title may be translated Sefer haYashar - "Book of the Upright Man" - but it is known in English translation mostly as The Book of Jasher following English tradition. The book is named after the Book of Jasher mentioned in Joshua and 2 Samuel. The earliest extant version of this Hebrew midrash was printed in Venice in 1625, and the introduction refers to an earlier 1552 "edition" in Naples, of which neither trace nor other mention has been found. The printer Joseph ben Samuel claimed the work was copied by a scribe named Jacob the son of Atyah, from an ancient manuscript whose letters could hardly be made out. This work is also not to be confused with an ethical text by the same name, which, according to the Encyclopaedia Judaica, Volume 14, p. 1099, was "probably written in the 13th century." Scholars have proposed various dates between the 9th century and 16th century. The Venice 1625 text was heavily criticised as a forgery by Leon Modena, as part of his criticisms of the Zohar as a forgery, and of Kabbalah in general. Modena was a member of the Venetian rabbinate that supervised the Hebrew press in Venice, and Modena prevented the printers from identifying Sefer ha-Yashar with the Biblical lost book. Despite Modena's intervention, the preface to the 1625 version still claims that its original source book came from the ruins of Jerusalem in AD 70, where a Roman officer named Sidrus allegedly discovered a Hebrew scholar hiding in a hidden library. The officer Sidrus reportedly took the scholar and all the books safely back to his estates in Seville, Spain (in Roman known as Hispalis, the provincial capital of Hispania Baetica). The 1625 edition then claims that at some uncertain point in the history of Islamic Spain, the manuscript was transferred or sold to the Jewish college in Cordova. The 1625 edition further claims that scholars preserved the book until its printings in Naples in 1552 and in Venice in 1625. Apart from the preface to the 1625 work, there is no evidence to support any of this story. The work was used extensively, but not especially more than many other sources, in Louis Ginzberg's Legends of the Jews. Although there remains doubt about whether the 1552 "edition" in Naples was ever truly printed, the study of Joseph Dan, professor of Kabbalah at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, in the preface to his 1986 critical edition of the 1625 text concludes, from the Hebrew used and other indicators, that the work was in fact written in Naples in the early sixteenth century. The Arabic connections suggest that if the preface to the 1625 version is an "exaggeration", it was then probably written by a Jew who lived in Spain or southern Italy. Chapter 10 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia YASHAR, SEFER HA Babylonian Talmud: Tractate ‘Abodah Zarah Folio 53b Babylonian Talmud: Tractate ‘Abodah Zarah Folio 3a The Talmud reveals that it was Nimrod who created false idols. And Nimrod witnessed Abraham rejecting them for one true God. http://youtu.be/dXcZYAtGg7o I find this video disturbing. It claims it was Semiramis (Greek: Σεμίραμις, Armenian: Շամիրամ Shamiram), wife of Nimrod and queen of Babylon that started the ideas of reincarnation, sun worship, and mother and child worship. The idea of this video originated with Protestant minister Alexander Hislop who wrote the "The Two Babylons" (1853) claimed that Semiramis was an actual person in ancient Mesopotamia who invented polytheism and, with it, goddess worship. Hislop believed that Semiramis was a consort of Nimrod, builder of the Bible's Tower of Babel, though Biblical mention of consorts to Nimrod is lacking. According to Hislop, Semiramis invented polytheism in an effort to corrupt her subjects' original faith in the God of Genesis. She deified herself as Ishtar and her son as Gilgamesh, as well as various members of her court and her then deceased husband. In support of his claim, Hislop talked about legends of Semiramis being raised by doves. He referred to the writings by the church's Ante-Nicene Fathers to suggest that these stories began as propaganda invented and circulated by Semiramis herself, so her subjects would ascribe to her the status of Queen of Heaven and view her child as divine. Hislop believed Semiramis' child to be the Akkadian deity Tammuz, a god of vegetation as well as a life-death-rebirth deity. He maintained that all divine pairings in religions e.g. Isis/Osiris, Aphrodite/Cupid, and others, are retellings of the tale of Semiramis and Tammuz, and that this was then applied to Mary/Jesus in Catholicism, even though Christianity does not support a special divinity of Mary rather the Father, Son and Holy Ghost. The figure of Semiramis was later developed into the Blessed Virgin Mary, according to Hislop's book. Hislop used this in support of his claim that Roman Catholicism is in fact paganism. Hislop took literary references to Osiris and Orion as "seed of woman" as evidence in support of his thesis. The legends already existing in his day about Semiramis, he claimed, were distortions of history. Hislop's claims continue to be circulated among some fundamentalist Christians today, in the form of Jack Chick tracts, comic books, and related media. Author and conspiracy theorist David Icke also incorporates Hislop's claims about Semiramis into his book The Biggest Secret, claiming that Semiramis also had a key role in the Reptilian alien conspiracy that he asserts is secretly controlling humanity. However, Ralph Woodrow, Evangelical Christian minister, speaker and presently the author of sixteen books believes that Alexander Hislop was an exceptionally poor researcher who "picked, chose and mixed" portions of various unrelated myths from many different cultures. Woodrow formerly supported Hishop's thesis that Roman Catholicism is a syncretistic pagan religion in his book Babylon Mystery Religion and gained a certain notoriety when he changed his view and pulled the work from circulation. His new viewpoint is documented in The Babylon Connection. Statue of Semiramis displayed at the Dallas Museum of Art. The statue was designed and sculpted by William Wetmore Story, (February 12, 1819 – October 7, 1895) an American sculptor, art critic, poet, and editor. The name of Semiramis came to be applied to various monuments in Western Asia and Asia Minor, the origin of which was forgotten or unknown. Nearly every stupendous work of antiquity by the Euphrates or in Iran seems to have ultimately been ascribed to her, even the Behistun Inscription of Darius. Herodotus ascribes to her the artificial banks that confined the Euphrates and knows her name as borne by a gate of Babylon. However, Diodorus stresses that the Hanging Gardens of Babylon were built long after Semiramis had reigned and not in her time. According to the legend as related by Diodorus, Semiramis was of noble parents, the daughter of the fish-goddess Derketo of Ascalon in Syria and a mortal. Derketo abandoned her at birth and drowned herself. Doves fed the child until Simmas, the royal shepherd, found and raised her. She then married Onnes or Menones, one of Ninus' generals. Ninus was so struck by her bravery at the capture of Bactra that he married her, forcing Onnes to commit suicide. She and Ninus had a son named Ninyas. After King Ninus conquered Asia, including the Bactrians, he was fatally wounded by an arrow. Semiramis then masqueraded as her son and tricked her late husband's army into following her instructions because they thought these came from their new ruler. After Ninus's death she reigned as queen regnant for 42 years, conquering much of Asia. She restored ancient Babylon and protected it with a high brick wall that completely surrounded the city. Then she built several palaces in Persia, including Ecbatana. Diodorus also attributes the Behistun inscription to her, now known to have been done under Darius I of Persia. She not only reigned Asia effectively but also added Libya and Aethiopia to the empire. She then went to war with king Stabrobates of India, having her artisans create an army of false elephants to deceive the Indians into thinking she had acquired real elephants. This succeeded at first, but then she was wounded in the counterattack and her army again retreated west of the Indus. She is also credited with inventing the chastity belt. Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus credits her as the first person to castrate a male youth into eunuch-hood: "Semiramis, that ancient queen who was the first person to castrate male youths of tender age" (Lib. XIV). The association of the fish and dove is found at Hierapolis Bambyce (Mabbog), the great temple at which, according to one legend, was founded by Semiramis, where her statue was shown with a golden dove on her head. Armenian tradition portrays her as a homewrecker and a harlot. These facts are partly to be explained by observing that, according to the legends, in her birth as well as in her disappearance from earth, Semiramis appears as a goddess, the daughter of the fish-goddess Atargatis, and herself connected with the doves of Ishtar or Astartë. One of the most popular legends in Armenian tradition involves Semiramis and an Armenian king, Ara the Beautiful. In the 20th century, the poet Nairi Zarian retold the story of Ara the Beautiful and Shamiram, in a work considered to be a masterpiece of Armenian literary drama. According to the legend, Semiramis had heard about the fame of the handsome Armenian king Ara, and she lusted after his image. She asked Ara to marry her, but he refused; upon hearing this, she gathered the armies of Assyria and marched against Armenia. During the battle, which may have taken place in the Ararat valley, Ara was slain. To avoid continuous warfare with the Armenians, Semiramis, reputed to be a sorceress, took his body and prayed to the gods to raise Ara from the dead. When the Armenians advanced to avenge their leader, she disguised one of her lovers as Ara and spread the rumor that the gods had brought Ara back to life, ending the war. Although many different versions of the legend exist, they agree that Ara never came back to life. While the achievements of Semiramis are clearly in the realm of mythical Greek historiography, the historical Assyrian queen Shammuramat (Shamiram, Semiramis), wife of Shamshi-Adad V of Assyria, certainly existed. After her husband's death, she served as regent from 810 - 806 BC for her son, Adad-nirari III. Shammuramat's stela (memorial stone) has been found at Assur, while an inscription at Nimrud indicates that she was dominant there after the death of her husband and before the rule of her son. Below is Shammuramat's husband, Shamshi-Adad V, King of Assyria from 824 to 811 BC. He was named after god Adad, who is also known as Hadad Below is Shammuramat's son, Adad-nirari III, King of Assyria from 811 to 783 BC. Like his father, he was named after god Adad, who is also known as Hadad. the first five years of his reign his mother Shammuramat was highly influential, which may have given rise to the legend of Semiramis. Shammuramat would have thus been briefly in control of the vast Neo Assyrian Empire, which 150 years later stretched from the Caucasus Mountains in the north to the Arabian Peninsula in the south, and western Iran in the east to Cyprus in the west. In Shammuramat's time, however, Assyria only ruled over parts of neighboring areas in Mesopotamia, Syria, Asia Minor and Iran. Georges Roux speculated that the later Greek and Indo-Iranian (Persian and Median) flavored myths surrounding Semiramis stem from successful campaigns she waged against these peoples, and the novelty of a woman ruling such an empire. She built such an inuring reputation that queen Margaret of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway (1353-1412 A.D.) And Catherine II the Great of Russia (1729-1796) were both labeled as the Semiramis of the North. In The Divine Comedy, Dante sees Semiramis among the souls of the lustful in the Second Circle of Hell: She married her son after Ninus' death and lived with him. Semiramis appears in many plays and operas, for example Voltaire's tragedy Semiramis and operas with the title Semiramide by Domenico Cimarosa, Marcos Portugal, Josef Mysliveček, Giacomo Meyerbeer, Pedro Calderón de la Barca and Gioachino Rossini. Arthur Honegger composed music for Paul Valéry's eponymous 'ballet-pantomime' in 1934 that was only revived in 1992 after many years of neglect. In Eugène Ionesco's play The Chairs, the Old Woman is referred to as Semiramis. In 1910 Camille de Morlhon directed a film about Semiramis for Pathé, starring Yvonne Mirval. She has also appeared in several sword and sandal films, including the 1954 film Queen of Babylon in which she was played by Rhonda Fleming, and the 1963 film I am Semiramis in which she was played by Yvonne Furneaux. An Italian progressive rock group named Semiramis released one album in 1973. In John Myers Myers's novel Silverlock (chaps.17-18), Semiramis appears as a lustful, commanding queen, who stops her procession to try to seduce young Lucius (who has been transformed into a donkey). In William Faulkner's Snopes Trilogy, Eula Varner is her modern incarnation. Faulkner quite likely[citation needed] got the name from Inferno V, where she appears in the same list as Helen of Troy as those punished for uncontrolled passion. One level of Resident Evil Revelations is set aboard an ocean liner named the Queen Semiramis. In 2008 the Italian company Menoventi created Semiramis, a play about the Assyrian queen. The Assyrian people indigenous to Iraq, northeast Syria, southeast Turkey and northwest Iran still retain Semiramis or Shammuramat as a given name for female children to this day. Semiramis of the North was a designation given to powerful female monarchs Margaret I of Denmark and Catherine the Great. Good Assyria and Babylonia resources http://rbedrosian.com/Classic/Mobaa.htm http://www.gutenberg.org/files/17328/17328-h/17328-h.htm- 237 replies
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The Didache Chapter 5 Genesis 10 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre Genesis / Chapter 10 / New Jerusalem Bible (NJB) Catholics and Jews believe that Asshur built Niveneh. Later descendants of Asshur angered Hashem for not following His commands. He forced the prophet Jonah to deliver his message to repent before it was too late. Jonah 1 Luke 11 If you believe the Book of Luke is true, then the Assyrians will judge and condemn the generation of Israel that rebuked the Wisdom of Jesus and His Message from Hashem. What about Cush and his descendants? Was building Babylon within his offspring Nimrod's rights? Ezekiel reveals that the Babylonians native land was Chaldea. Ezekiel 23 Jubilees states that Arpachshad (Arphaxad, Arphacsad, Hebrew: אַרְפַּכְשַדֿ / אַרְפַּכְשָדֿ, Modern Arpakhshad Tiberian ʾArpaḵšaḏ / ʾArpaḵšāḏ, Arabic: 'أرفخشذ', Ārfakhshad) was given the land of Chaldees. Jubilees 9 Genesis 10 Arphaxad son of Shem was given the land of Chaldea, which included Babylon. What was Nimrod doing in Chaldea? Nimrod is the son of Cush and his land should be around the Gihon river which no longer exists. Genesis 2 Genesis 10 In human genetics, Y-chromosomal Adam (Y-MRCA) is a hypothetical name given to the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) from whom all currently living people are descended patrilineally (tracing back only along the paternal or male lines of their family tree). The hypothetical "Y-chromosomal Adam" can be considered its founder. Haplogroup A and Haplogroup BT represented the lineages of the two male descendants of Y-chromosomal Adam. Haplogroup A is believed to have arisen in Asia some 30,000–50,000 years before present. Its ancestral haplogroup was Haplogroup N. Its highest frequencies are among Indigenous peoples of the Americas, its largest overall population is in East Asia, and its greatest variety (which suggests its origin point) is in East Asia. Thus, it might have originated in and spread from the Far East. Torroni et al. 2006 state that Haplogroups M, N and R occurred somewhere between East Africa and the Persian Gulf.- 237 replies
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The Didache Chapter 5 THE CHALDEAN ACCOUNT OF GENESIS BY GEORGE SMITH Sixth Fragment Akkadian Myths and Epics Here is a more complete translation of the Enuma Elish TRANSLATOR: E. A. SPEISER A connection to Tiamat has been suggested with parallels to her description as "Ummu-Hubur". Hubur is also referred to in the Enuma Elish as "mother sea Hubur, who fashions all things". The river Euphrates has been identified with Hubur as the source of fertility in Sumer. This Babylonian "river of creation" has been linked to the later Hebrew "river of paradise". From conservative estimates the Enuma Elish and Genesis were written approximately the same time. At some point the creation story became corrupted. Here we see what God thinks of Marduk. Jeremiah 50 Was Ashur the son of Shem, grandson of Noah considered to be the same Ashur who was head of the Assyrian pantheon of gods in Mesopotamian religion? If so, this could be the origin of the corruption of Genesis. The Antiquities of the Jews, by Flavius Josephus (Written 93-94 A.D.) BOOK I. Containing The Interval Of Three Thousand Eight Hundred And Thirty-Three Years. — From The Creation To The Death Of Isaac. CHAPTER 6. How Every Nation Was Denominated From Their First Inhabitants. Over time the image of Ashur became the symbol of Faravahar of the Zoroastrian religion. Aša "cannot be precisely rendered by some single word in another tongue,"but may be summarized as follows: It is, first of all, 'true statement'. This 'true statement', because it is true, corresponds to an objective, material reality. This reality embraces all of existence. Recognized in it is a great cosmic principle since all things happen according to it. "This cosmic [...] force is imbued also with morality, as verbal Truth, 'la parole conforme', and Righteousness, action conforming with the moral order." Asha Vahishta is closely associated with fire. Fire is "grandly conceived as a force informing all the other Amesha Spentas, giving them warmth and the spark of life. Asa in Sanskrit means hope There was a prophecy against Asshur made by Balaam. Numbers 24 Kittim was a settlement in present-day Larnaca on the west coast of Cyprus, known in ancient times as Kition, or (in Latin) Citium. On this basis, the whole island became known as "Kittim" in Hebrew, including the Hebrew Bible. 1 Maccabees 1 Cethimus possessed the island Cethima: it is now called Cyprus; and from that it is that all islands, and the greatest part of the sea-coasts, are named Cethim by the Hebrews: and one city there is in Cyprus that has been able to preserve its denomination; it has been called Citius by those who use the language of the Greeks, and has not, by the use of that dialect, escaped the name of Cethim. http://youtu.be/524NsuNR-l0 Then comes Nimrod. Genesis 10 Genesis 11 Babylon (Arabic: بابل, Bābil; Akkadian: Bābili(m); Hebrew: בָּבֶל, Bāḇel;Ancient Greek: Βαβυλών Babylṓn; Old Persian: Bābiru) was originally a Semitic Akkadian city dating from the period of the Akkadian Empire c. 2300 BC. In linguistics and ethnology, Semitic (from the Biblical "Shem", Hebrew: שם, translated as "name") was first used to refer to a language family of West Asian origin, now called Semitic, which includes: the ancient and modern forms of Ahlamu, Akkadian (Assyrian-Babylonian), Amharic, Ammonite, Amorite, Arabic, Aramaic/Syriac, Canaanite/Phoenician/Carthaginian, Chaldean, Eblaite, Edomite, Ge'ez, Hebrew, Maltese, Mandaic, Moabite, Sutean, Tigre and Tigrinya, and Ugaritic, and others. Here is a Wikipedia map that shows approximate historical distribution of Semitic languages. Book of Jubilees Chapter 7 We know that Asshur was the son of Shem. Asshur lived at the city Nineveh that Genesis states he (or depending on biblical translation his cousin Cush or Nimrod) built, Nevertheless, Nineveh was rightfully given to Asshur by his father Shem who given the land by Noah in Book of Jubilees. Nineve is located on the eastern bank of the Tigris River, and was capital of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Nineve was the largest city in the world for some fifty years until, after a bitter period of civil war in Assyria itself, it was sacked by an unusual coalition of former subject peoples, the Babylonians, Medes, Persians, Chaldeans, Scythians and Cimmerians in 612 BC. Its ruins are across the river from the modern-day major city of Mosul, in the Ninawa Governorate of Iraq. Ushpia was an early Assyrian king who ruled circa 2030 BC, according to the Assyrian King List (AKL). Like most other of the "kings who lived in tents", his name is not regarded as Semitic, but more likely Hurrian. The Hurrians were a people of the Bronze Age Near East. They spoke a Hurro-Urartian language called Hurrian, and lived in Anatolia and Northern Mesopotamia. The Hurrians are known in the Bible as the Horites. Ushpia is also alleged to have founded the temple of Ashur at the city of Assur, according to the much later inscriptions of Shalmaneser I (13th century BC) and Esarhaddon (8th century BC). However, he has yet to be confirmed by contemporary artifacts and nothing else of him is known. In the Babylonian creation myth Enuma Elish, Anshar (also spelled Anshur), which means "sky pivot" or "sky axle", is a sky god. He is the husband of his sister Kishar. They might both represent heaven (an) and earth (ki). Both are the second generation of gods; their parents being the serpents Lahmu and Lahamu and grandparents Tiamat and Abzu. They, in turn, are the parents of Anu, another sky god.During the reign of Sargon II, Assyrians started to identify Anshar with their Assur in order to let him star in their version of Enuma Elish. Temple of Ashur (right) was founded by the king of Assyrian, Ushpia. Asshur was also city capital of Assyria U.S. Soldiers from Crazy Horse Troop, 1st Squadron, 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment provide security for the Provincial Reconstruction Team and representatives of United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization visiting the ancient city of Ashur, the site is now known as Qalat Shergat, Iraq, Nov. 21. Ashur is one of three areas in Iraq that is a World Heritage site.- 237 replies
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The Didache Chapter 5 Abraham was a decendant of Noah, who was father of Shem, who was father of Eber, who was father of Peleg, who was father of Reu, who was father of Serug, who was father of Nahor, who was father of Serug, who was father of Abraham. At some point between Shem and Serug Abraham's ancestor's stopped believing in Hashem as the one and only God. Joshua 23 Shem does not fit the mold of a rebel. He was Noah's most beloved son. Genesis 9 With Noah's blessing stating Lord was the God of Shem eliminates him from corruption. So it was between Eber and Serug that Abraham's ancestor's stopped believing in Hashem as the one and only God. Numbers 24 It is generally assumed that the word Hebrew is derived from his name. In 93 AD, Josephus wrote that the Hebrews were called after Eber (Antiquities of the Jews I, 6:4). Genesis 10 Manetho, The Book of Sothis, Harvard Press, Cambridge, MA, p. 239. (Loeb Classical Library 350). Manetho was the victim of many Egyptian fairy tales in constructing his chronology of Egypt. The Egyptians would place the Flood and Peleg’s birth much earlier than the Bible, but still they linked the Babel incident with Peleg's birth. Book of Jubilees Chapter 8 Chapter 9 We now know UR was real and where it was located. U.S. Soldiers from the 17th Fires Brigade make their way up the reconstructed stairs of the Ziggurat of Ur, Iraq, near Contingency Operating Base Adder, May 18, 2010. Josephus Flavious was correct. Photo taken by Spc. Samantha Ciaramitaro It interesting to view origins from DNA. Haplogroup K1a http://youtu.be/Q6epLexw404 George Smith (Chelsea, London March 26, 1840 – August 19, 1876), was a pioneering English Assyriologist who first discovered and translated the Epic of Gilgamesh, one the oldest-known written works of literature. The Epic of Gilgamesh, an epic poem from Mesopotamia, is amongst the earliest surviving works of literature. The literary history of Gilgamesh begins with five independent Sumerian poems about 'Bilgamesh' (Sumerian for Gilgamesh), king of Uruk. Four of these were used as source material for a combined epic in Akkadian. This first combined epic, known as the "Old Babylonian" version, dates to the 18th century BC and is titled after its incipit, Shūtur eli sharrī ("Surpassing All Other Kings"). Only a few fragments of it have survived. The later "Standard Babylonian" version dates from the 13th to the 10th centuries BC and bears the incipit Sha naqba īmuru ("He who Saw the Deep", in modern terms: 'He who Sees the Unknown). Fragments of approximately two thirds of this longer, twelve-tablet version have been recovered. Some of the best copies were discovered in the library ruins of the 7th-century BC Assyrian king Ashurbanipal. The first half of the story relates a friendship between Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, and Enkidu. Enkidu is a wild man created by the gods as Gilgamesh's peer to distract him from oppressing the people of Uruk. Together, they journey to the Cedar Mountain to defeat Humbaba, its monstrous guardian. Later they kill the Bull of Heaven, which the goddess Ishtar sends to punish Gilgamesh for spurning her advances. As a punishment for these actions, the gods sentence Enkidu to death. In the second half of the epic, Gilgamesh's distress at Enkidu's death causes him to undertake a long and perilous journey to discover the secret of eternal life. He eventually learns that "Life, which you look for, you will never find. For when the gods created man, they let death be his share, and life withheld in their own hands".However, because of his great building projects, his account of Siduri's advice, and what the immortal man Utnapishtim told him about the great flood, Gilgamesh's fame survived his death. His story has been translated into many languages, and in recent years has featured in works of popular fiction. In 1872, Smith achieved worldwide fame by his translation of the Chaldaean account of the Great Flood, which he read before the Society of Biblical Archaeology on December 3 and whose audience included the Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone. THE CHALDEAN ACCOUNT OF GENESIS CONTAINING THE DESCRIPTION OF THE CREATION, THE DELUGE, THE TOWER OF BABEL, THE DESTRUCTION OF SODOM, THE TIMES OF THE PATRIARCHS, AND NIMROD ; BABYLONIAN FABLES, AND LEGENDS OP THE GODS; FROM THE CUNEIFORM INSCRIPTIONS. BY GEORGE SMITH, FORMERLY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ORIENTAL ANTIQUITIES, BRITISH MUSEUM, ASSURBANIPAL OF " HISTORY OF ASSURBANIPAL," "ASSYRIAN DISCOVERIES," ETC. ETC. A NEW EDITION, THOROUGHLY REVISED AND CORRECTED (WITH ADDITIONS), BY A. H. SAYCE, DEPUTY-PROFESSOR OF COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. March 1881 recieved by University of Princeton (exact publication date unknown) Extract I. From Alexander Polyhistor (Cor. 56 Bel (/ˈbeɪl/; from Akkadian bēlu), signifying "lord" or "master", is a title rather than a genuine name, applied to various gods in the Mesopotamian religion of Akkad, Assyria and Babylonia. The feminine form is Belit 'Lady, Mistress'. Bel is represented in Greek as Belos and in Latin as Belus. Linguistically Bel is an East Semitic form cognate (common parent language) with Northwest Semitic Ba‘al with the same meaning. Here are examples: Judges 2 2:11 The Israelites did evil before the Lord by worshiping the Baals. Jeremiah 9 9:14 Instead they have followed the stubborn inclinations of their own hearts. They have paid allegiance to the gods called Baal, as their fathers taught them to do. Thalatth or Tiamat of Mesopotamian Religion (Sumerian, Assyrian, Akkadian and Babylonian), is a chaos monster, a primordial goddess of the ocean, mating with Abzû (the god of fresh water) to produce younger gods. The Enûma Elish specifically states that Tiamat did give birth to dragons and serpents. The Enûma Eliš (also spelled "Enuma Elish"), is the Babylonian creation mythos (named after its opening words). It was recovered by Austen Henry Layard in 1849 (in fragmentary form) in the ruined Library of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh (Mosul, Iraq), and published by George Smith in 1876. The Enûma Eliš exists in various copies from Babylon and Assyria. The version from Ashurbanipal's library dates to the 7th century BCE. The composition of the text probably dates to the Bronze Age, to the time of Hammurabi or perhaps the early Kassite era (roughly 18th to 16th centuries BCE), although some scholars favour a later date of c. 1100 BCE. The epic names two primeval gods: Apsû (or Abzu) who represents fresh water and Tiamat representing oceanic waters. The Abzu ( Sumerian: abzu; Akkadian: apsû) also called engur, (Sumerian: engur; Akkadian: engurru) literally, ab='water' (or 'semen') zu='to know' or 'deep' was the name for fresh water from underground aquifers that was given a religious fertilizing quality in Sumerian and Akkadian mythology. Lakes, springs, rivers, wells, and other sources of fresh water were thought to draw their water from the Abzu the abode of Enki (Akkadian Ea), god of wisdom and incantations. Several other gods are created (Ea and his brothers) who reside in Tiamat's vast body. They make so much noise that the babel or noise annoys Tiamat and Apsû greatly. Apsû wishes to kill the young gods, but Tiamat disagrees. The vizier, Mummu, agrees with Apsû's plan to destroy them. Tiamat, in order to stop this from occurring, warns Ea (Nudimmud), the most powerful of the gods. Enki is a god in Sumerian mythology, later known as Ea in Akkadian and Babylonian mythology. He was originally patron god of the city of Eridu, but later the influence of his cult spread throughout Mesopotamia and to the Canaanites, Hittites and Hurrians. He was the deity of crafts (gašam); mischief; water, seawater, lakewater (a, aba, ab), intelligence (gestú, literally "ear") and creation (Nudimmud: nu, likeness, dim mud, make beer). He was associated with the southern band of constellations called stars of Ea, but also with the constellation AŠ-IKU, the Field (Square of Pegasus). Beginning around the second millennium BCE, he was sometimes referred to in writing by the numeric ideogram for "40," occasionally referred to as his "sacred number." The planet Mercury was in Sumerian times, identified with Enki. Ea uses magic to put Apsû into a coma, then kills him, and shuts Mummu out. Ea then becomes the chief god. With his consort Damkina, he has a son, Marduk, greater still than himself. Marduk is given wind to play with and he uses the wind to make dust storms and tornadoes. This disrupts Tiamat's great body and causes the gods still residing inside her to be unable to sleep. They persuade Tiamat to take revenge for the death of her husband, Apsû. Her power grows, and some of the gods join her. She creates 11 monsters (Bašmu, Ušumgallu, Mušmaḫḫū, Ugallu, Umū dabrūtu, Kulullû, Kusarikku, Scorpion man, ?, ?, ?) to help her win the battle and elevates Kingu, her new husband, to "supreme dominion." A lengthy description of the other gods' inability to deal with the threat follows. Merodach and the Dragon Above black and white crop of full plate scan, from Austen Henry Layard's 'Monuments of Nineveh, Second Series' plate 19/83, London, J. Murray, 1853 Marduk offers to save the gods if he is appointed as their leader and allowed to remain so even after the threat passes. When the gods agree to Marduk's conditions he is selected as their champion against Tiamat, and becomes very powerful. Marduk challenges Tiamat to combat and destroys her. He then rips her corpse into two halves with which he fashions the earth and the skies. The gods who had pledged their allegiance to Tiamat are initially forced into labor in the service of the gods who sided with Marduk. But they are freed from these labors when Marduk then destroys Tiamat's husband, Kingu, and uses his blood to create humankind to do the work for the gods. Most noteworthy is Marduk's symbolic elevation over Enlil, who was seen by earlier Mesopotamian civilizations as the king of the gods. Job's image of Hashem fighting Rehab is similar to Marduk fighting Tiamat. Job 26 THE CHALDEAN ACCOUNT OF GENESIS BY GEORGE SMITH- 237 replies
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The Didache (The Teaching) First Christian Catechism
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The Didache Chapter 5 Ezekiel prophecy is pretty on mark. Not too many know of Phoenicia great history and its intimate relationship with Israel. Ezekiel 26 It appears Phoenicians and Canaanites were the descendants of Noah's son Ham. Genesis 10 If Ham just put the cloak on Noah the descendants of Canaan would never had been cursed. Genesis 9 Joshua 19 If the Tribe of Asher had been able to defeat the Phoenicians the world would indeed have been different. Judges 1 Matthew 11 Matthew 15 Mark 3 Mark 7- 237 replies
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The Didache Chapter 5 Receiving the spark of the Spirit of Drunkenness and Laughter. 1 Kings 19 2 Kings 8 2 Kings 8 Jezebel may be dead, but her spirit is making a comeback in modern culture. Revelation 2 There were at least 33 other places of Artemis worship in the ancient world, but the temple in Ephesus was the chief worship center. Pausanias, who wrote in the middle of the second century A.D., claimed that the Artemis cult was the most widely followed one in the ancient world. The temple of Diana in Ephesus was one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, and many historians believe it was one of the most beautiful buildings ever built. It stood on the side of Mount Pion about a mile northeast of the city and served as a bank as well as a place of worship and cultic immorality. It could accommodate about 25,000 people and was probably the largest Greek temple ever built. Its centerpiece was evidently a meteorite that resembled a woman with many breasts. Other meteorites that became sacred cult objects were at Troy, Pessinus, Enna, and Emeas. Acts 19 2 Kings 21 Joel 2 Amos 1 Isreal killed the Phoenician Princess Jezabel. Phoenicia retaliated and sided with the Assyrians. The used their merchant skills to sell Isrealites into slavery. Later Hashem punished Sidonia for their transgressions. Without this context, it is difficult to imagine Sidon attacking their brothers in genealogy, trade, and most importantly helping build Hashem's sanctuary.- 237 replies
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I wonder if the The Ancient and Sovereign Order of Melchizedek follows the beliefs of Horus.
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Is Ur-Shalem (Jerusalem) is a Canaanite word meaning, the house of Salem, the chieftain of the clan of Jebusites Here is an interesting factoid from the Jewish Chronicle. If that is true then, Melchizedek was a Jebusite priest. Joshua 14 Is it possible that Melchizedek was a priest of Horus?
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The Didache Chapter 5 The Hebrew prophets frequently compared the sin of idolatry to the sin of adultery. Ezekiel's rhetoric directed against these two allegorical figures is more vivid than most: Ezekiel 23 The Lord allows the spirit of deception to enter the minds of the rebellious. I Kings 21 http://youtu.be/tbVYalAE5-8 Toronto Blessing from the Holy Ghost Bartender. 2 Thessalonians 2 Could the Jezebel spirit be misunderstood to be the Shekinah, Sophia, Shakti, and the Holy Spirit? Sophia99 wrote me the following: Ithobaal I (Hebrew Ethbaal) was a king of Tyre who founded a new dynasty. During his reign, Tyre expanded its power on the mainland, making all of Phoenicia its territory as far north as Beirut, including Sidon, and even a part of the island of Cyprus. At the same time, Tyre also built new overseas colonies: Botrys (now Batrun) near Byblos, and Auza in Libya. Ithobaal held close diplomatic contacts with king Ahab of Israel and Phoenician influence in Samaria and the other Israelite cities was extensive. In the 1 Kings passage, Ithobaal is labeled king of the Sidonians. At this time Tyre and Sidon were consolidated into one kingdom. 1 Kings 16 Baal with thunderbolt. Limestone stele, 15th-13th century BC. Found at the acropolis in Ras Shamra (ancient city of Ugarit). Baal of Tyre (Melqart) is the son of El in the Phoenician triad of worship. In the Phoenician religion, or Levantine religion El was the Father of humanity and all creatures. El was the husband of the goddess Asherah (Also known in other cultures as Astarte. King Ithobaal had been a priest of Asherah before becoming king explains why his daughter Jezebel was so zealous in the promotion of idolatry, thus leading to the conflicts between Elijah and Jezebel’s forces. King Ithobaalr was a murderer sheds some light on his daughter's choice to 1 Kings 18 1 Kings 21 Here is some good videos of the mountain where God lived.- 237 replies
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It sure looks that way. How the 'Jesus' Wife' Hoax Fell Apart The media loved the 2012 tale from Harvard Divinity School. Jerry Pattengale May 1, 2014 7:17 p.m. ET Lycopolitan (also known as Subakhmimic and Assiutic) is a closely related dialect to Akhmimic in terms of when and where it was attested, though manuscripts written in it tend to be from the area of Asyut. The main differences between the two dialects seem to be only graphic in nature, though Lycopolitan was used extensively for translations of gnostic and Manichaean works, including the Nag Hammadi library texts. The forgery of the Lycopolitan gospel of John by Christian Askeland New clues cast doubt on 'Gospel of Jesus' Wife' Opinion by Joel S. Baden and Candida R. Moss, special to CNN Former Tyndale House resident Christian Askeland finds the 'smoking gun' in the Case of the Coptic Fragment. How to Make Black Ink From Ancient Times By Patti Perry, eHow Contributor Is it possible to burn a piece of another fragment from the same papyrus and use the soot ink then just dilute it with water to the ink to make it look light and faded then design and use a brush or reed pen that is likely to be used in the past? “Jesus’ Wife” Articles in HTR: Initial Thoughts
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The Didache Chapter 5 2 Kings 16 The Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III The obelisk features twenty reliefs, five on each side. They depict five different subdued kings, bringing tribute and prostrating before the Assyrian king. From top to bottom they are: (1) Sua of Gilzanu (in north-west Iran), (2) "Hoshea of Bit Omri" (3) an unnamed ruler of Musri (probably Egypt), (4) Marduk-apil-usur of Suhi (middle Euphrates, Syria and Iraq), and (5) Qalparunda of Patin (Antakya region of Turkey). Each scene occupies four panels around the monument and is described by a cuneiform script above them. Depiction of Hoshea King of Israel giving tribute to King Shalmaneser III of Assyria (2 Kings 17:3), on the Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III from Nimrud (circa 827 BC) in the British Museum (London). To understand what led Israel being conquered and the tribes deported background context is needed. 1 Chronicles 5 Isaiah 28 1 Kings 16 Shemer is decended from Merari and Levi 1 Chronicles 6 Joshua 21 Genesis 48 1 Chronicles In the Hebrew Bible, Oholah (אהלה) and Oholibah (אהליבה) (or: Aholah and Aholibah) are pejorative names given by the prophet Ezekiel to the Kingdom of Israel (Samaria) and Judah.. Ezekial 23 There is a pun in these names in the Hebrew. Oholah means "her tent", and Oholibah means "my tent is in her". Ezekiel's rhetoric portrays Oholah and Oholibah, or Samaria and Jerusalem, as the daughters of one mother. Both are said to be "brides of God", and both are guilty of idolatry and of religious and political alliances with Gentile nations. These kingdoms are described as prostitutes and adulteresses, given up to the abominations and idolatries of the Egyptians and Assyrians. Because of Oholah's crimes, she was carried away captive, and ceased to be a kingdom. (Comp. Psalm 78:67-69; 1 Kings 12:25-33; 2 Chr 11:13-16.) Samaria (green) within Palestine, under Persian rule Samaria is a mountainous region in the northern part of the geographical area to the west of the Jordan River, roughly corresponding to the northern part of the West Bank. It was the only name used for this area from ancient times until the Jordanian conquest of 1948, at which point the Jordanians coined the term West Bank.- 237 replies
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I was listening to the radio and heard Tom Brokaw make an "American Moment" statement to get the German Chancellor to get her business leaders to shut up about negotiating with Russia on the Ukraine. Did anyone else hear this? I believe I was listening to 100.3 FM.
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The Didache Chapter 5 Canaan (Northwest Semitic knaʿn, knaʿn, Kənáʿan) was, during the 2nd millennium BC, a Semitic-speaking region in the Ancient Near East, which as described in the Bible roughly corresponds to the Levant, i.e. modern-day Lebanon, Israel, Palestinian territories, the western part of Jordan and southwestern Syria. The name remained the endonym of the region later known to the Ancient Greeks from c.500 BC as Phoenicia. Phoenicia (Phoiníkē, Finiqyah) was an ancient Semitic civilization situated on the western, coastal part of the Fertile Crescent and centered on the coastline of modern Lebanon and Tartus Governorate in Syria. All major Phoenician cities were on the coastline of the Mediterranean, some colonies reaching the Western Mediterranean. It was an enterprising maritime trading culture that spread across the Mediterranean from 1550 BC to 300 BC. Phoenicia is really a Classical Greek term used to refer to the region of the major port towns.Their civilization was organized in city-states, similar to ancient Greece. However, in terms of archaeology, language, life style and religion, there is little to set the Phoenicians apart as markedly different from other Semitic cultures of Canaan. As Canaanites, they were unique in their remarkable seafaring achievements. Each city-state was a politically independent unit. They could come into conflict and one city might be dominated by another city-state, although they would collaborate in leagues or alliances. Though ancient boundaries of such city-centered cultures fluctuated, the city of Tyre seems to have been the southernmost. Sarepta (modern day Sarafand) between Sidon and Tyre is the most thoroughly excavated city of the Phoenician homeland. The Phoenicians were the first state-level society to make extensive use of the alphabet. The Phoenician phonetic alphabet is generally believed to be the ancestor of almost all modern alphabets. From a traditional linguistic perspective, they spoke Phoenician, a Canaanite dialect. Through their maritime trade, the Phoenicians spread the use of the alphabet to North Africa and Europe, where it was adopted by the Greeks, who later passed it on to the Etruscans, who in turn transmitted it to the Romans. In addition to their many inscriptions, the Phoenicians are believed to have left numerous other types of written sources, but most have not survived. Fernand Braudel remarked in The Perspective of the World that Phoenicia was an early example of a "world-economy" surrounded by empires. The high point of Phoenician culture and sea power is usually placed c. 1200–800 BC. Many of the most important Phoenician settlements had been established long before this: Byblos, Tyre, Sidon, Simyra, Arwad, and Berytus, all appear in the Amarna tablets. Archeology has identified cultural elements of the Phoenician zenith as early as the 3rd millennium BC. The league of independent city-state ports, with others on the islands and along other coasts of the Mediterranean Sea, was ideally suited for trade between the Levant area, rich in natural resources, and the rest of the ancient world. During the early Iron Age, in around 1200 BC an unknown event occurred, historically associated with the appearance of the Sea Peoples from the north. They weakened and destroyed the Egyptians and the Hittites respectively. In the resulting power vacuum, a number of Phoenician cities rose as significant maritime powers. The societies rested on three power-bases: the king; the temple and its priests; and councils of elders. Byblos first became the predominant center from where the Phoenicians dominated the Mediterranean and Erythraean (Red) Sea routes. according to fragments attributed to the semi-legendary pre-Trojan War Phoenician historian Sanchuniathon, it was built by Cronus as the first city in Phoenicia. Today it is believed to be the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It was here that the first inscription in the Phoenician alphabet was found, on the sarcophagus of Ahiram (c. 1200 BC). Byblos was a Canaanite city called Gubal during the Bronze Age, at which time it also appears as Gubla in the Amarna letters. During the Iron Age the city is called Gebal in Phoenician and appears in the Hebrew Bible under the name Geval (Hebrew: גבל). Psalms 83 Later, Tyre gained in power. One of its kings, the priest Ithobaal (887–856 BC) ruled Phoenicia as far north as Beirut, and part of Cyprus. Carthage was founded in 814 BC under Pygmalion of Tyre (820–774 BC). The collection of city-states constituting Phoenicia came to be characterized by outsiders and the Phoenicians as Sidonia or Tyria. Phoenicians and Canaanites alike were called Sidonians or Tyrians, as one Phoenician city came to prominence after another. The Phoenicians supplied materials and people to build a palace and temple for Israel. 2 Samuel 5 1 Kings 4 1 Kings 7 1 Kings 9 Solomon gave Hiram cities from the tribe of Asher. Asher was the second son of Jacob and Zilpah, and the founder of the Tribe of Asher. Asher played a role in selling his brother Joseph into slavery. Many scholars suspect that the name of Asher may have more to do with a deity originally worshipped by the tribe, either Asherah, or Ashur, the chief Assyrian deity;the latter possibility is cognate with Asher. The tribe of Asher was the one most blessed with male children (Sifre, l.c.); and its women were so beautiful that priests and princes sought them in marriage (Gen. R. lxxi., end). The abundance of oil in the land possessed by Asher so enriched the tribe that none of them needed to hire a habitation (Gen. R. l.c.); and the soil was so fertile that in times of scarcity, and especially in the Sabbatical year, Asher provided all Israel with olive-oil After the conquest of Phoenicia by Alexander the Great in 332 BC, the merchant network of city states took on new life as Greek-dominated Phoenicia. Issiah 23 Ezekiel 27 A cherub is a winged angelic being who is considered to attend on Hashem. A cherubim is the plural form of cherub (more than one angel). The prophet Ezekiel gave the best description of cherubim in Jerusalem. Were these the same as the anointed guardian cherub that the king of Tyre saw in Eden? Ezekiel 10 Just like Hashem punished Tyre for its wicked ways, Jerusalem gets experiences the same wrath as well. Ezekiel 3 Tel Abib (Hebrew: תל-אביב, Tel Aviv; lit. "Spring Mound", where Spring is the season) is an unidentified place on the river Khabur in what is now Syria. According to the "Biblical Repository and Classical Review" The captives of Chebar, were the ten tribes that were being held Chaldean territory of Kabar River that was called Tel Abib. This was not the same as present day Tel Aviv in Israel. http://books.google.com/books?id=ToAaAQAAIAAJ&lpg=PA46&ots=RuENfxQ_DN&dq=Tel%20Abib%20Syria%20Ezekiel%20Khabur&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q=Tel%20Abib%20Syria%20Ezekiel%20Khabur&f=false- 237 replies
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The Didache Chapter 5 Moses tells Israel that Hashem is angered by idols of any type: This includes idols of stars, creatures, and people. Deuteronomy 4 God goes from Mt. Seir in Edom to Mt. Sinai, where He appeared to the Israelites in great power in the form of a storm and earthquake Judges 5 Exodus 5 1 Chronicles 18 Moses evidently wrote this book on the plains of Moab shortly before his death, which occurred about 1406 B.C. Deuteronomy 1 Here we find God punishing Moses and his brother for their transgression. And the Edomites rejecting their cousin, Israel's plea for water and pass through their kingdom. Numbers 20 Moses does not follow Hashem's instructions and does not speak to the rock. Instead he hits it twice. Moses was aggressive to Hashem's thirsty flock for wanting water to drink and struck the rock. Hashem delivered water to Israel, but was angered at Moses and Aaron for not following instructions and hitting the rock without his permission. But, the biggest transgression was Moses and His brother disavowed Hashem's gift of bringing forth water to Israel and christened it as their own action. How many times in life do we see individuals take credit for something they did not do. Hashem punishment is equal to all His creation. Prophets are given no special treatment and are at His Mercy. Psalms 119 Here we see again a prophet partially following Hashem's orders and paying for his disobedience. In addition, we see King Jeroboam rebel against Hashem. 1 Kings 13 Golden Calf in Bethel Egyptian God Apis Syrian and Canaanite Bull Gods Golden Calf India- 237 replies
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The Didache Chapter 5 Numbers 22 Jeremiah 48 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia The Mesha Stele inscription translation published by James King (1878), based on translations by M. Ganneau and Dr. Ginsberg. Omri was the sixth king of Israel after Jeroboam. God was angered by Omri's sinful actions and allowed King Mesha of Moab to defeat him in battle. 1 Kings 16 King Mesha of Moab was a king of Moabites around the 9th century BC. Mesha was a descendant of King Saul. 1 Chronicles 8 The Kingdom of Moab at the time of Mesha was subject to Israel. Mesha rebelled against three generations Israel. It took the alliance of three kingdoms (Israel, Judah, and Edom) to finally defeat Mesha and his kingdom of Moab. Jehoram (or Joram) was a king of the northern Kingdom of Israel. He was the son of Ahab and Jezebel. Jehoshaphat (Jehosaphat, Josaphat, or Yehoshafat) was the fourth king of the Kingdom of Judah, and successor of his father Asa. His mother was Azubah. Historically, his name has sometimes been connected with the Valley of Jehosaphat where, according to Joel 3:2, the God of Israel will gather all nations for judgment. 2 Kings 3 Edom (Ĕḏôm, Udumi, Idumea, Idoumaía; Latin: Idūmaea was a semite-inhabited historical region of the Southern Levant located south of Judea and the Dead Sea. It is mentioned in biblical records as a 1st millennium BC Iron Age kingdom of Edom,and in classical antiquity the cognate name Idumea was used to refer to a smaller area in the same region. The name Edom means "red" in Hebrew, and was given to Esau, the eldest son of the Hebrew patriarch Isaac, once he ate the "red pottage", which the Bible used in irony at the fact he was born "red all over". The Torah, Tanakh and New Testament thus describe the Edomites as descendants of Esau. The oldest biblical traditions place Yahweh as the deity of southern Edom, and may have originated in "Edom/Seir/Teman/Sinai" before being adopted in Israel and Judah. (read The Origins of Biblical Monotheism: Israel's Polytheistic Background and the Ugaritic Texts) 1 Kings 22 I wonder if Iram was the governor of Edom during Jehoshaphat’s reign? 1 Chronicles 1- 237 replies
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The Didache Chapter 5 The above image comes from Forbidden Knowledge: the Bible's Origins. He makes a point on asking How could King David be a prophet if Ruth was a Moabite? For the gift of insight from his picture, I will do my best to make him understand through her selfless actions, Hashem made Ruth worthy to accepted into the House of Israel and have her descendant David king of His people. Deuteronomy 7 Moab (/ˈmoʊæb/; Moabite: Hebrew: מוֹאָב, Modern Mo'av Tiberian Môʼāḇ ; "seed of father"; Greek Μωάβ Mōav; Assyrian Mu'aba, Ma'ba, Ma'ab ; Egyptian Mu'ab) is the historical name for a mountainous strip of land in Jordan. The land lies alongside much of the eastern shore of the Dead Sea. The existence of the Kingdom of Moab is attested to by numerous archeological findings, most notably the Mesha Stele, which describes the Moabite victory over an unnamed son of King Omri of Israel. The existence of Moab prior to the rise of the Israelite state has been deduced from a colossal statue erected at Luxor by Pharaoh Ramesses II, in the 13th century BCE, which lists Mu'ab among a series of nations conquered during a campaign. Genesis tells that Abraham and Lot travelled together in the Land of Canaan, but that after awhile they decided to part ways. Lot decided to move to the east of the Jordan, while Abraham stayed in Canaan. The paths of the two branches would diverge further, with Abraham's descendants moving to Egypt, while Lot's branch apparently staying on the land east of the Jordan. When the two branches met again, it was after the Israelites left Egypt on the way back to Canaan. The Moabite Stone The principal shrine in Moab was Beyt-baal-me'on, which means "house/shrine of the baal/master/god of On". The principal shrine of On was in the sacred city of Heliopolis in Egypt and Joseph married one of the daughters of the high priest of On. Mesha, the King of Moab, built a reservoir at Beth-baal-me’On (II Kings 3). On the Moabite or Mesha Stone (discovered in 1868 at Dibon) it is recorded that King Mesha "reigned in peace over the hundred towns which he had added to the land. And he built Medeba and Beth-diblathen and Beth-baal-me'On, and he set there the … of the land." The stone is defaced at this point so we do not know what the King set up, but it was likely an image of his god, Ashtar-Chemosh. Deuteronomy 23 Babylonian Talmud: Tractate Sanhedrin Ruth 1 Ruth 2 Ruth 4 Mishnah Yevamot 4 Our Blessed Virgin Mother's story very much reminds me of Ruth. Like Boaz, Saint Joseph married Mary to keep her in good standing with the Jewish congregation. Luke 1- 237 replies
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The Didache Chapter 5 Still searching for the fulcrum divergence of the how people view the Holy Spirit. I am now using the Online Etymology Dictionary for Animus. In ancient Greek religion and myth, the Anemoi (Greek: Ἄνεμοι, "Winds") were Greek wind gods who were each ascribed a cardinal direction from which their respective winds came (see Classical compass winds), and were each associated with various seasons and weather conditions. They were sometimes represented as mere gusts of wind, at other times were personified as winged men, and at still other times were depicted as horses kept in the stables of the storm god Aeolus, who provided Odysseus with the Anemoi in the Odyssey. The Spartans were reported to sacrifice a horse to the winds on Mount Taygetus. Astraeus, the astrological deity sometimes associated with Aeolus, and Eos, the goddess of the dawn, were the parents of the Anemoi, according to the Greek poet Hesiod. How did we come to think the spirit came from wind? Did the Greeks sages think their gods could breathe life into mortals? Take a break and watch Mythic Warriors - Icarus and Daedalus. See what happens when Daedulus prides himself like a god with his inventions. Then see Icarus pride himself to fly higher than the gods. Deadulus and Icarus remind me of Lucifer's pride against Hashem. http://youtu.be/4UXG0Zkkzx4 It appears that the Greek anemos "wind" is from a masculine origin. But, when we move further east to their neighbors this begins to change. The Turkish word for mother is "ana." The Conception by Righteous Anna of the Most Holy Mother of God Sinsharishkun (Sin-shar-ishkun, ca. 627 - 612 BC), who seems to have been the Saràkos (Saracus) of Berossus, was one of the last kings of the Assyrian empire, followed only by Ashur-uballit II. He was the son of Ashurbanipal, and possibly the brother of the last Assyrian king, Ashuruballit II (612-605 BC). He is the last king who has years attested in most Babylonian records. After temporarily defeating his rivals, Sinsharishkun faced a much larger threat. Babylon, a vassal state of Assyria for three centuries, took advantage of the anarchy within Assyria and rebelled under the previously unknown Nabopolassar, the leader of the Chaldean peoples of south eastern Mesopotamia, in 626 BC. From 610 BC until his death, Nabopolassar also waged war against Egypt, which was allied with Assyria. In 605 BC, his son Nebuchadnezzar fought Pharaoh Necho II of Egypt and the remnants of the Assyrian army at the Battle of Carchemish, shortly before Nabopolassar died. When the Assyrian capital Nineveh was overrun by the Babylonians in 612 BC, the Assyrians moved their capital to Harran. When Harran was captured by the Babylonians in 610 BC, the capital was once again moved, this time to Carchemish, on the Euphrates river. Egypt was allied with the Assyrian king Ashur-uballit II, and marched in 609 BC to his aid against the Babylonians. The Egyptian army of Pharaoh Necho II was delayed at Megiddo by the forces of King Josiah of Judah. Josiah was killed and his army was defeated. The dead body of Josiah was delivered to Jerusalem immediately and buried according to the customs of Judah's kings, near the grave of King David. The Egyptians and Assyrians together crossed the Euphrates and laid siege to Harran, which they failed to retake. They then retreated to northern Syria. Stela of Nabonidus The Stela is currently located at the British Museum Nabonidus (/ˌnæbəˈnaɪdəs/; Akkadian Nabû-naʾid, "Nabu is praised") was the last king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, reigning from 556-539 BC. Encyclopedic Theosophical Glossary: Am-Ani shows Chaldean goddess for Ana. Chaldea was the home of Abraham. I am trying to confirm the Chaldean Ana mentioned by the Encyclopedic Theosophical Glossary. According to The Chaldean Account of Genesis, by George Smith, [1876] Anu in Chaldean belief was king of angels and spirits. Here is the map of the Chaldean empire Chaldea as the name of a country is used in two different senses. In the early period, between circa. 1000 BC and 600 BC, it was the name of a small sporadically independent territory in southern Babylonia extending along the northern and probably also the western shores of the Persian Gulf. After the Chaldean tribes settled in the region it was called mat Kaldi "land of Chaldeans" by the native Assyrians and Babylonians. Chaldea generally referred to the low, marshy, alluvial land around the estuaries of the Tigris and Euphrates, which then discharged their waters through separate mouths into the sea. In a later time, when the Chaldean tribe had burst their narrow bonds and obtained the ascendency over all Babylonia, they briefly gave their name to the whole land of Babylonia, which then was called Chaldea for a short time. In the Hebrew Bible, the prophet Abraham is stated to have originally been from "Ur of the Chaldees" (Ur Kaśdim); if this city is to be identified with the Sumerian Ur, it would be within the original Chaldean homeland south of the Euphrates. a few interpreters have additionally tried to identify Abraham's birthplace with Chaldia, a distinct region in Asia Minor on the Black Sea. According to the Book of Jubilees, Ur Kaśdim (and Chaldea) took their name from Ura and Kesed, descendants of Arpachshad. When Cyrus the Great conquered the great city of Babylon in the sixth century BC, his Magi came into contact with the teachings of the city's astrologers, known as Chaldeans. Diodorus of Sicily, a Greek historian of 80 to 20 BC, and author of a universal history, Bibliotheca historica thought highly of Chaldean magi (priests). Bibliotheca historica Book II, 28:29-31 IMAGO MUNDI The first known map of the World THE BABYLONIAN CLAY TABLET 6th century BC Located at the British Museum – London. 92687 http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/me/m/map_of_the_world.aspx Heavenly Ocean (Top) Earthly Ocean (Bottom) Map and quote is by Henry Davis Henry Davis Consulting PO Box 105 Ash Fork, AZ 86320 phone: (831) 359-1310 e-mail:<henry@henry-davis.com> http://youtu.be/lIvUl2ViK34 Title: Chaldea From the Earliest Times to the Rise of Assyria Author: Zénaïde A. Ragozin The kingdom of Shumir (Shinar of the Hebrews) was located Southern Chaldea (Calda, Kaldu). The Chaldean tribe first dwelled in the marshes of the Persian Gulf, They slowly expanded their territory northwest, which the land later was known by their name. Ur, the city of the moon god (Sin, Nanna), was established as the capital of Chaldea. Chaldea, like the rest of Mesopotamia and much of the ancient Near East and Asia Minor, from the 10th to late 7th centuries BC, came to be dominated by the Assyrian Empire, based in northern Mesopotamia. Greenstone seal of Hashhamer Ur-Nammu (or Ur-Namma, Ur-Engur, Ur-Gur, ca. 2047-2030 BC short chronology) founded the Sumerian 3rd dynasty of Ur, in southern Mesopotamia, following several centuries of Akkadian and Gutian rule. His main achievement was state-building, and Ur-Nammu is chiefly remembered today for his legal code, the Code of Ur-Nammu, the oldest known surviving example in the world. The Akkadian Empire was an ancient Semitic empire centered in the city of Akkad and its surrounding region in ancient Mesopotamia which united all the indigenous Akkadian speaking Semites and the Sumerian speakers under one rule within a multilingual empire. The Akkadian Empire controlled Mesopotamia, the Levant, and parts of Iran. Sargon of Akkad, also known as Sargon the Great "the Great King" (Akkadian Šarru-kīnu, meaning "the true king" or "the king is legitimate"), was a Semitic Akkadian emperor famous for his conquest of the Sumerian city-states in the 23rd and 22nd centuries BC. The founder of the Dynasty of Akkad, Sargon reigned during the last quarter of the third millennium BC. Cuneiform sources agree that he was cup-bearer (official in charge of wine) of king Ur-Zababa of Kish, and some later historians have speculated that he killed the king and usurped his throne before embarking on the quest to conquer Mesopotamia. Sargon, throughout his long life, showed special deference to the Sumerian deities, particularly Inanna (Ishtar), his patroness, and Zababa, the warrior god of Kish. He called himself "The anointed priest of Anu" and "the great ensi of Enlil" and his daughter, Enheduanna, was installed as priestess to Nanna at the temple in Ur. In Sumerian mythology, Anu (also An from Sumerian *An = sky, heaven and Ea) was the oldest god and father of the pantheon, he the a sky-god, the god of heaven, lord of constellations, king of gods, spirits and demons, and dwelt in the highest heavenly regions. It was believed that he had the power to judge those who had committed crimes, and that he had created the stars as soldiers to destroy the wicked. His attribute was the royal tiara (crown). Anu was part of a triad including Enlil (god of the air) and Enki (god of water). Anu is so prominently associated with the E-anna temple in the city of Uruk (biblical Erech) in southern Babylonia that there are good reasons for believing this place to be the original seat of the Anu cult. If this is correct, then the goddess Inanna (or Ishtar) of Uruk may at one time have been his consort. The god Ilabrat (Ilabrat, Ili-Abrat, Ili-Abrat, Habrat, Sumerian Ninshubur or Sumerian Ninshubur, Papsukkal)) was Anu's attendant, minister of state was the god, and messenger of the gods. As Inanna was associated with the planet Venus, Ninshubur was said to be associated with Mercury, as Venus and Mercury appear together in the sky. Ninshubur accompanied Inanna as a vassal and friend throughout Inanna's many exploits. She helped Inanna fight Enki's demons after Inanna's theft of the sacred me. Later, when Inanna became trapped in the Underworld, it was Ninshubur who pleaded with Enki for her mistress's release. Though described as an unmarried virgin, in a few accounts Ninshubur is said to be one of Inanna's lovers. In later Akkadian mythology, Ninshubur was male. In "A hymn to Nergal" Ninshubur appeared as the minister of the underworld. Sumer (from Akkadian Šumeru; Sumerian "land of the civilized kings" or "native land") was an ancient civilization and historical region in southern Mesopotamia, modern-day southern Iraq, during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age. Modern historians have suggested that Sumer was first permanently settled between c. 5500 and 4000 BC by a non-Semitic people who may or may not have spoken the Sumerian language (pointing to the names of cities, rivers, basic occupations, etc. as evidence). These conjectured, prehistoric people are now called "proto-Euphrateans" or "Ubaidians", and are theorized to have evolved from the Samarra culture of northern Mesopotamia (Assyria). The Ubaidians were the first civilizing force in Sumer, draining the marshes for agriculture, developing trade, and establishing industries, including weaving, leatherwork, metalwork, masonry, and pottery. It is known that Sumer, Accad, Ur, al'Ubaid used copper between 5,000 and 6,000 years ago. Even at such an early date, these people adopted the practice of burying under the foundations of buildings a record concerning the builder. Lugal-Zage-Si was the last Sumerian King before the conquest of Sumer by Sargon of Akkad and the rise of the Akkadian Empire. After coming to power in Umma he had conquered or otherwise come into possession of Ur, Uruk, Nippur, and Lagash. Lugal-Zage-Si claimed in his inscription that the god Enlil gave to him rulership of "all the lands between the upper and the lower seas", that is, between the Mediterranean Sea and the Persian Gulf. There are no actual evidence that his territory actually extended that far. Enlil (nlin), (EN = Lord + LÍL = Wind, "Lord (of the) Storm") is the God of breath, wind, loft and breadth (height and distance). It was the name of a chief deity listed and written about in Sumerian religion, and later in Akkadian (Assyrian and Babylonian), Hittite, Canaanite and other Mesopotamian clay and stone tablets. The name is perhaps pronounced and sometimes rendered in translations as "Ellil" in later Akkadian, Hittite, and Canaanite literature. In later Akkadian, Enlil is the son of Anshar and Kishar. As Enlil was the only god who could reach the heaven god An, he held sway over the other gods who were assigned tasks by his agent and would travel to Nippur to draw in his power. He is thus seen as the model for kingship. Enlil was also known as the god of weather. According to the Sumerians, Enlil helped create the humans, but then got tired of their noise and tried to kill them by sending a flood. A mortal known as Utnapishtim survived the flood through the help of another god, Ea, and he was made immortal by Enlil after Enlil's initial fury had subsided. Anu had several consorts, the foremost being Ki (earth), Nammu, and Uras. By Ki he was the father of, among others, the Anunnaki gods. By Uras he was the father of Nin'insinna. According to legends, heaven and earth were once inseparable until An and Ki bore Enlil, god of the air, who cleaved heaven and earth in two. An and Ki were, in some texts, identified as brother and sister being the children of Anshar and Kishar. Ki later developed into the Akkadian goddess Antu (also known as "Keffen Anu", "Kef", and "Keffenk Anum"). In the Epic of Gilgamesh, Ninsun is depicted as a human queen who lives in Uruk with her son as king. Since the father of Gilgamesh was former king Lugalbanda, it stands to reason that Ninsun procreated with Lugalbanda to give birth. According to the ancient Babylonian text, Nininsina wedded Pabilsag near a riverbank. Pabilsag warrior son of Enlil in Mesopotamian tradition he was the guardian god of the city of Isin and Larak. Pabilsag and Ninsun she bore Damu. Pabilsag is also called Ninurta and revered as a god of war. Pabilsag was considered both highly intelligent and tremendously strong. He resembled a cross between a man and a scorpion in appearance, and is said to have guarded the gate between the human world and the demon world. Pabilsag was also known later as Sagittarius, the Archer. When the hero Gilgamesh descended into the demon world in search of immortality, he came to this gate guarded by Pabilsag. When Pa Bil Sag aimed his bow at Gilgamesh, he was such a terrible sight to behold that even Gilgamesh, slayer of countless monsters, recoiled in fear. Damu is a god of vegetation and rebirth in Sumerian mythology Anu existed in Sumerian cosmogony as a dome that covered the flat earth; Outside of this dome was the primordial body of water known as Tiamat (not to be confused with the subterranean Abzu). In Sumerian, the designation "An" was used interchangeably with "the heavens" so that in some cases it is doubtful whether, under the term, the god An or the heavens is being denoted. The Akkadians inherited An as the god of heavens from the Sumerian as Anu-, and in Akkadian cuneiform, the DINGIR character may refer either to Anum or to the Akkadian word for god, ilu-, and consequently had two phonetic values an and il. Hittite cuneiform as adapted from the Old Assyrian kept the an value but abandoned it. Sin (Akkadian: Su'en, Sîn) or Nanna (Sumerian: DŠEŠ.KI, DNANNA) was the god of the moon in the Mesopotamian mythology of Akkad, Assyria and Babylonia. Nanna is a Sumerian deity, the son of Enlil and Ninlil, and became identified with Semitic Sin. The two chief seats of Nanna's/Sin's worship were Ur in the south of Mesopotamia and Harran in the north.- 237 replies
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The Didache (The Teaching) First Christian Catechism
Luke_Wilbur replied to Luke_Wilbur's topic in Christianity
The Didache Chapter 5 Old Holy Roman Church of the English Rite: Catechism Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi declares to be an incarnation of Adi Shakti - who is known in other religions as the Holy Spirit (Christianity), Shekhinah/ Ruach (Judaism), Ruh of Allah (Islam), Aykaa Mayee (Sikhism), Wakan-Taka (Native Indian Spirituality). Does Shri Mataji believe that the Holy Spirit dwells within her? Or does Shri Mataji profess she is the Holy Spirit? If the former, does Shri Mataji believe we all have the Holy Spirit dwelling with us? If the latter does Shri Mataji profess we are all the Holy Spirit? Here is what the Catholic Church states about idolizing human beings and Hindu karma. INTERNATIONAL THEOLOGICAL COMMISSION SELECT QUESTIONS ON THE THEOLOGY OF GOD THE REDEEMER (1995) Karma Yoga teaches that selfish desire is the source of all evil. All suffering, misery, disease and misfortune lies in our own actions. Christianity teaches the same thing. There are two points in this passage that I want to note. First, the Holy Spirit was with King David, not Jesus. Otherwise Jesus would have made it plain for all to understand. Second, Jesus explains the difference between His relationship with the Father and David's relationship with the Lord. Mark 12 It is important to know that anyone who states they know and understand Jesus will NOT state that they know God without Jesus. They also know the Holy Spirit comes from God from the request of Jesus. John 15 Anyone who believes the Gospel of John is true understands that no one has see our Father except Jesus. John 6 Although God the Father is unknowable He does share His Wisdom and Commands with us through His Holy Spirit, His Son Jesus, Angels, and Patriarchs. James 1 Third Chakra: Nabhi It appears possible to get an understanding for the origins of the word Spirit. I am hoping to find the divergence of the how people view the Holy Spirit. Thus, truly know the sin of idolatry and everything that comes with it. Pneuma, "air in motion, breath, wind," is equivalent in the material monism of Anaximenes to aer (ἀήρ, "air") as the element from which all else originated. This usage is the earliest extant occurrence of the term in philosophy. A quotation from Anaximenes observes that "just as our soul (psyche), being air (aer), holds us together, so do breath (pneuma) and air (aer) encompass the whole world." In this early usage, aer and pneuma are synonymous. Anaximenes would have loved to observe the boson force of nature that holds matter together. Heraclitus would have been a big fan of zero point energy as well. More on these two points in another topic.- 237 replies
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The Didache (The Teaching) First Christian Catechism
Luke_Wilbur replied to Luke_Wilbur's topic in Christianity
The Didache Chapter 5 The Great Isaiah Scroll reads that that a man from the line of David will have the Wisdom of God's Holy Spirit. My faith believes the prophet was speaking about Jesus Christ. Isaiah 11 The first word is b'reishit, or Bereishit ( בְּרֵאשִׁית[/size] ) "at [the] head [of]", or more colloquially, "in [the] beginning [of]" The Bereshith Rabbah states Wisdom is the Torah. And in the Torah Hashem created. If we include the Zohar to this idea: In Wisdom the female principle, Oral Torah and male principle, Written Torah Hashem Created. If we add the prophecy of Isaiah to this idea: In the Spirit of Wisdom the female principle, Oral Torah, and male principle, Written Torah Hashem created. If we add the Genesis Rabbah to this idea: In thought through Hashem's Spirit the Wisdom of the Living Word, Torah, and Throne of Glory came to be. Hashem contemplated the names: Messiah, Patriarchs, Israel, and Repentance. In the Spirit of Wisdom the male principle, Written Torah, and the female principle, Oral Torah Hashem created Heaven and Earth. Genesis Rabbah Chapter 1 Bereshith The Book of the Secrets of Enoch or the Second Book of Enoch was written by Jews in the late first century. God relates to Enoch, how out of the very deepest parts came forth the visible and invisible Second Book of Enoch Chapter 25 God summons from the very deepest a second time that Archas, heavy and very red should come forth Second Book of Enoch Chapter 26 Adoil and Archas are the beings Enoch described who executed Hashem's architectural physics to create the universe. I am looking for statements from the great faiths on the validity of 2 Enoch. When I read it was written in the first century after the death of Christ it becomes suspect. Although this could have been orally transmitted like the Talmud. What is more interesting is Adoil's unfolding of the Universe is similar to our modern 'Big Bang' theory. And Archas red shift. Here we find Hashem's Wisdom once again creating man from seven consistencies. Second Book of Enoch Chapter 30 If we add the Second Book of Enoch to the idea of creation: In thought through Hashem's Spirit the Throne of Glory and the Wisdom of the Word and Torah came to be. Hashem contemplated the names: Messiah, Patriarchs, Israel, and Repentance. In the Spirit of Wisdom the female principle, Oral Torah, and male principle, Written Torah Hashem created. Second Book of Enoch Chapter 33 If we add Colossians 1 to the idea of creation: Through thought Hashem's Spirit the Wisdom of the Living Word (Jesus) and Throne of Glory came to be. Hashem contemplated the names: Patriarchs, Israel, Torah and Repentance. Through Jesus Hashem created Heaven and Earth. Colossians 1 Through the power of Hashem's Holy Spirit, His Holy Word (Jesus Christ) became flesh for the world to witness. The men and women that did have opportunity to see the miracles of the Living Word (Jesus Christ) were given a choice to follow His Way or the path of sin. John 15 Hebrews 1 Here is a wonderful poem on what the gift of Jesus brings.- 237 replies
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