Luke_Wilbur

Writing this essay has been a journey into the depths of my soul, a cathartic exploration designed to bring me closer to understanding the extraordinary presence that touched my life deeply. Each word you read marks a step I have taken toward unraveling the complexities of this and other profound experiences, an attempt to give form to the formless and voice to the unspoken aspects of Truth. In articulating the nuances of this encounter, I found myself delving into realms of introspection and self-discovery previously unexplored. It was as if, by trying to describe the ineffable Truth, I was slowly peeling back layers of my own consciousness, revealing truths about myself and the nature of a force that guides me on this journey of understanding and connection. In a moment of profound vulnerability, when darkness seemed to overshadow every corner of my life, I was in the basement of my rowhouse. The basement was dimly lit, with the soft glow emanating from the wide-screen television casting a faint light. My physical state mirrored my emotional turmoil: my back was frozen, locked in discomfort, and my neck was tight, as if constricted by the weight of my burdens. It was in the midst of this experience, overwhelmed by the depth of my emotions, that I said a prayer to God, asking for help. As I uttered my prayer, a presence made itself known to me in an extraordinary way. This presence was an ethereal sensation, intangible yet palpably real, a gentle force that seemed to cradle my weary spirit with care and understanding. It was unseen and unheard in the conventional sense, but it brought a feeling of profound comfort, as if a hand had touched my shoulders, offering solace and support during my time of need. A voice, unwavering and full of compassion, uttered my name, "Luke, do not be afraid." A profound sense of calm enveloped me. The words carried with them a power beyond mere language, an ancient and all-knowing assurance that seemed to transcend my immediate fears and uncertainties. In that moment of profound introspection, a sense of clarity emerged, not as an audible voice, but as an inner whisper conveying a message of reassurance and hope. It spoke to a strength within me that I hadn’t fully acknowledged before, a resilience that was dormant yet potent. This quiet, reassuring realization acted like a balm to my troubled soul. "Everything will be fine." This presence, this voice, was a beacon of light in my darkness, a guiding star in my night sky, reminding me that even in the bleakest of times, I was not alone. It became a source of unyielding support and comfort, guiding me towards a path of healing and peace. And in a profound, almost instantaneous moment, the pain was gone — as if lifted by an unseen hand, leaving behind a tranquil serenity. If someone had recounted to me such a tale, with its whispers of ethereal voices and sensations of invisible, comforting presences, I would have met it with a raised eyebrow of skepticism. To the rational mind, steeped in the concrete realities of the physical world, such experiences can seem implausible, if not entirely fanciful. We are taught to trust what we can see, hear, and touch, and to question what lies beyond the scope of our senses. Furthermore, the deeply personal nature of my experience renders it inherently unverifiable. Such experiences, rich in individual meaning and significance, do not always translate universally. They reside in the realm of the subjective, where empirical validation is elusive, often placing them beyond the grasp of common understanding and acceptance. This subjective quality, intrinsic to experiences like mine, highlights the diversity of human perception and the unique ways in which we each connect with the world around us. I firmly believe that this encounter was not a psychosomatic delusion. The vividness and transformative impact of the experience were far too real, extending beyond the realm of mere imagination or wishful thinking. It was a moment of genuine connection and revelation, one that has left an indelible mark on my life. The clarity and intensity with which I felt this presence argue against a mere fabrication of the mind, suggesting instead a meaningful and authentic experience that defies simple explanation. Amidst my own skepticism, a part of me couldn't help but humorously think of Ben Kenobi in Star Wars, calling out to Luke Skywalker in that iconic voice of guidance. 'Use the Force, Luke,' I'd chuckle to myself, imagining the mysterious presence to whip out a lightsaber and reveal itself as a Jedi master. The thought brought a smile to my face, a brief respite from the gravity of my contemplations. It was a reminder that even in the midst of life's most profound moments, there's always room for a bit of levity, a nod to the fantastical stories we all know and love.

With all do respect, I believe what you are trying to state is that God is the Creator of everything and is the most powerful being. He can reveal himself in different ways and sometimes in subtle ways. God is not limited by space or human understanding and is always present everywhere. He created everything, including the Earth and all the things on it. Things that are destroyed will not exist anymore. God is always the same and never changes. God's thoughts and ways are different than ours and are more powerful. It is important to listen to God and try to understand him. Just like I am trying understand what your post. From what you wrote I believe that you are trying to help people understand the relationship between God and the creation, and to recognize that God is the ultimate source of all things. God is the basic foundation or support for the creation, but is not a part of it. In the Hebrew Bible, specifically the book of 1 Kings, chapter 19, verses 11-12 the prophet Elijah is on the mountain, waiting for the LORD (God) to reveal himself to him. The LORD appears not in the wind or the earthquake, but in a still, small voice. This passage is often used to illustrate the idea that God can reveal himself in subtle and unexpected ways, and that it is important to be attuned to his presence and listen for his voice. The Bible contains passages that describe God as being beyond all spatial dimensions and beyond human understanding or perception. One example is in the book of Isaiah, chapter 55, verse 8-9, which says: "For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways, declares the LORD. As the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways and my thoughts than your thoughts." This passage suggests that God's thoughts and ways are beyond human understanding, and that he is above and beyond the limitations of human experience and understanding. This can be interpreted as God being an unmediated or unmanifest form that is beyond all spatial dimensions and beyond human perception or understanding. Another example is in the book of Psalms, chapter 139, verse 7-12, which says: "Where can I go from your Spirit? Where can I flee from your presence? If I go up to the heavens, you are there; if I make my bed in the depths, you are there. If I rise on the wings of the dawn, if I settle on the far side of the sea, even there your hand will guide me, your right hand will hold me fast. If I say, “Surely the darkness will hide me and the light become night around me,” even the darkness will not be dark to you; the night will shine like the day, for darkness is as light to you." This passage suggests that God is present everywhere and that there is no place where one can go to escape his presence. This can be interpreted as God being an unmediated or unmanifest form that is beyond all spatial dimensions and beyond human perception or understanding. Bible contains passages that suggest that the creation did not exist before it was produced by God. One example is in the book of Genesis, chapter 1, verse 1, which says: "In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth." This passage suggests that before God created the heavens and the earth, they did not exist. Another example is in the book of Colossians, chapter 1, verse 16-17, which says: "For by him all things were created: things in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or powers or rulers or authorities; all things were created by him and for him. He is before all things, and in him all things hold together." This passage suggests that all things, including the visible and invisible things in heaven and on earth, were created by God and did not exist before he created them. These passages can be interpreted as suggesting that the creation is nonexistent before it is produced, because it did not exist before it was created by God. The Bible contains passages that suggest that certain things will cease to exist or no longer be present after they are destroyed. One example is in the book of Psalms, chapter 102, verse 26, which says: "They will perish, but you remain; they will all wear out like a garment. Like clothing you will change them and they will be discarded." This passage suggests that the things that "perish" or are destroyed will no longer be present or exist in the same way as they did before they were destroyed. Another example is in the book of Isaiah, chapter 51, verse 6, which says: "Lift up your eyes to the heavens, look at the earth beneath; the heavens will vanish like smoke, the earth will wear out like a garment and its inhabitants die like flies. But my salvation will last forever, my righteousness will never fail." This passage suggests that the earth and its inhabitants will cease to exist or be present in the same way after they are destroyed, while the salvation and righteousness of God will last forever. These passages can be interpreted as suggesting that certain things will cease to exist or no longer be present after they are destroyed, which aligns with the concept of Pradhvamsaabhaava, or the absence or non-existence of something after it is destroyed. The Bible contains passages that suggest that certain things are distinct and separate from one another, and do not exist within or as part of each other. One example is in the book of Romans, chapter 6, verse 23, which says: "For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord." This passage suggests that sin and death are distinct and separate from the gift of God, which is eternal life. They do not exist within or as part of each other, and the existence of one does not depend on the other. Another example is in the book of James, chapter 1, verse 17, which says: "Every good and perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of the heavenly lights, who does not change like shifting shadows." This passage suggests that good and perfect gifts are distinct and separate from the Father of the heavenly lights, who does not change. They do not exist within or as part of each other, and the existence of one does not depend on the other. These passages can be interpreted as suggesting that certain things are distinct and separate from one another, and do not exist within or as part of each other, which aligns with the concept of Anyonyaabhaava, or the absence of one thing in another, or the absence of one thing in a different item and vice versa. The Bible contains passages that suggest that certain things have never existed at any time and never will exist. One example is in the book of Titus, chapter 1, verse 2, which says: "In the hope of eternal life, which God, who does not lie, promised before the beginning of time." This passage suggests that eternal life has always existed, even before the beginning of time, and has never not existed at any time. Another example is in the book of Psalms, chapter 90, verse 2, which says: "Before the mountains were born or you brought forth the earth and the world, from everlasting to everlasting you are God." In other words, he has never not existed at any point in time, either in the past or in the present. He has always had an ongoing and continuous existence, from "everlasting to everlasting." God has always existed and will always continue to exist, without any breaks or gaps in his existence. His existence is eternal and unchanging, and that he has always been present and will always be present.

Arousal : Seductive Response Sexual arousal is a complex process that involves both physical and psychological changes in the body. From a physical perspective, arousal is characterized by increased blood flow to the genitals and increased sensitivity to touch, which are necessary for successful sexual activity and reproduction. This is controlled by a complex network of neurological pathways that transmit signals between the brain and the genitals. Sexual arousal can be thought of as the ignition to the flame of sexual desire. Just as a spark is needed to ignite a flame, stimuli such as visual, auditory, or tactile sensations are necessary to ignite the flame of sexual arousal in the body. Once ignited, physical and psychological changes occur in the body, such as increased blood flow to the genitals and increased sensitivity to touch, preparing it for sexual activity and increasing the likelihood of successful fertilization. The neurological process behind this ignition involves the activation of specific brain regions and the release of certain neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and oxytocin, which play a role in initiating and maintaining the arousal response. Like a flame, arousal can fluctuate and may be influenced by a variety of internal and external factors, including physical, emotional, and environmental influences. Biologists consider arousal is an essential part of the sexual response cycle, as it prepares the body for sexual activity and increases the likelihood of successful fertilization. Arousal is influenced by both physical and psychological factors, and can be triggered by various stimuli that vary from person to person. From a psychological perspective, arousal is influenced by a range of cognitive and emotional factors, such as one's thoughts, feelings, and desires. These can be triggered by various stimuli, such as visual, auditory, or tactile sensations, and can vary widely between individuals. For example, one person may be more easily aroused by visual stimuli, while another may be more sensitive to touch or sound. There are those in the gnostic faith that see arousal as a catalyst for spiritual transformation or union with the Divine. In this view, sexual arousal and the energy it generates can be harnessed and directed towards a spiritual purpose, rather than being seen solely as a physical urge. " Hieros gamos" is a term that refers to a ritualized form of sacred marriage, often associated with ancient religious and spiritual traditions. In some traditions, the hieros gamos was a symbolic reenactment of the union between a god and a goddess, or between the masculine and feminine aspects of the divine. King Solomon teach that sexual arousal and desire are natural and powerful forces that should be channeled and fulfilled in appropriate ways. In the Tanakh, Proverbs 5:18-19 advises, "Let your fountain be blessed, and rejoice in the wife of your youth, a lovely deer, a graceful doe. Let her breasts fill you at all times with delight; be intoxicated always in her love." These passages suggest that sexual intimacy and pleasure are valued in the Tanakh. The passage encourages the husband to be infatuated with love for his partner always. Solomon's wisdom would advise against engaging in sexual activity outside of a fulfilling marriage and against indulging in folly, as stated in Proverbs 5:20-23: "But why should you be captivated, my son, by an adulteress, and embrace the bosom of a different woman? For the ways of a person are in front of the Lord's eyes, and the Lord weighs all that person's paths. The wicked will be captured by his own iniquities, and he will be held by the cords of his own sin. He will die because there was no discipline; because of the greatness of his folly he will reel." Instead, he emphasizes the importance of finding joy and pleasure within the confines of a fulfilling marriage and advises against becoming captivated by an adulteress and embracing the bosom of another woman. He warns that the ways of a person are known by God and that the wicked will be captured by their own iniquities and held by the cords of their own sin. While he acknowledges the beauty and importance of sexual activity within the confines of a loving marriage, he also stresses the importance of self-control and moderation. In my experience, the allure of an unfamiliar partner can be tempting, but it is always wise to remember the importance of self-control and moderation. I tell my kids being turned on by another is normal and natural, but sometimes it can be dangerous if you're not careful. It's important to think about your choices and to be safe. It is important to communicate with your sexual partner about boundaries and preferences and to practice consent and respect in all sexual activity. Enjoying Foreplay Together Foreplay is a term that refers to sexual activities that precede and lead up to sexual intercourse. These activities can include a wide range of behaviors such as kissing, touching, caressing, adult activity, manual stimulation, and other activities that are intended to increase arousal and pleasure. Foreplay is typically understood as a prelude to intercourse, and is often focused on increasing arousal and preparing the body for intercourse. Foreplay can be a fun and enjoyable experience for both partners, but it's important to make sure that both parties are comfortable and consenting to each activity. Encouraging open communication and mutual respect can lead to a positive and pleasurable sexual experience. Foreplay is often viewed as a means to an end (i.e., intercourse). This can involve touching and stimulating different parts of the body, such as the tongue, nipples, and genitals as well as the mind and imagination. Many couples swear by the sensual arousal of erotic massages. Not only is it relaxing to have your body massaged, but is also thrilling to have it done by someone you love. The mere act of massaging lubes or oils onto the unclothed skin is enough to let passions take over. In stimulating your partner, take enough care to be gentle. During foreplay, both men and women may experience physical changes, such as lubrication in women and an erection in men. The female clitoris and male frenulum, both of which have thousands of nerve endings, may become more sensitive and engorged with blood, which can lead to increased arousal and pleasure. The genitalia are sensitive enough to respond to the slightest touch. It is by alternating speeds and pressure that one can achieve the state of perfect arousal to prepare and sustain the body for a fulfilling intercourse. Approaching Sexual Intimacy with Respect and Communication During sexual intercourse, both males and females may experience a range of physical and emotional sensations. These can include feelings of moderate to intense pleasure, an increased heart rate and changes in breathing, and a feeling of arousal or excitement. Hips, thighs, pelvic floor, and genitals synchronize their movements producing a state of sensory absorption and trance. Both males and females may also experience muscle contractions in the genital region and other areas of the body, flushing or blushing of the skin, and a feeling of euphoria or intense happiness. When this connection is developed, walls come down, helping you fuse your sexual energies to a sufficient intensity of experience that trigger the mechanisms of climax. Some females may also experience sensations of stretching or tension in the genital region during sexual intercourse, caused by the physical stretching of the vaginal tissues as the penis or other object enters the vagina. In terms of physical sensations related to the motion of sexual intercourse, males may experience a feeling of movement or thrusting, as well as sensations of pressure or friction on the genital region or other areas of the body. Some males may also experience a sense of rhythm or movement in sync with their partner. It is worth noting that people's experiences of sexual intercourse can vary significantly, and what one person experiences during intercourse may be different for another person. It is also possible for people to have different experiences of intercourse from one encounter to another. It is also important to note that the specific sensations that a person experiences during sexual intercourse will depend on a range of factors, including their own personal desires and preferences, the specific nature of the sexual activity, and the dynamic of their relationship with their partner. Both males and females may experience similar sensations during sexual intercourse, but each individual's experience is unique. During intercourse, both males and females may experience a sense of greater intimacy or connection with their partner. This sense of unity can be the result of a variety of factors, including physical sensations experienced during the activity, emotional intimacy, and spiritual experiences. For some people, the physical sensations of sexual activity, such as pleasure, arousal, and muscle contractions, can contribute to a feeling of sharing energy with their partner. The close physical proximity and exchange of bodily fluids during sexual activity can also create a sense of intimacy and connection. Sharing intimate thoughts, feelings, and desires with one's partner can create a deeper emotional connection and a sense of Oneness. Intercourse, is the culmination of all the sensations that have been building throughout the night. We should approach intercourse with good intention and mindfulness of the other. it is important to consider the needs and desires of our partner and to create a harmonious and pleasurable experience for both parties. Setting the mood and creating a comfortable and welcoming environment increase the enjoyment of intercourse. Sexual Activities Beyond Intercourse There are many different sexual activities that people can engage in besides intercourse. These activities can be physical or non-physical, solo or partnered, and can involve a range of activities such as touching, kissing, adult activity, posterior sex, manual stimulation, mutual masturbation, role-playing, massage, sensual touch, or phone or online sex. What constitutes a "sexual activity" will vary from person to person, and people's preferences and boundaries around sexual activities will also vary. It's important for individuals to communicate with their partners about their desires and boundaries in order to have a satisfying and enjoyable sexual experience. Non-intercourse sexual activities can include a wide range of behaviors such as adult activity, manual stimulation, mutual masturbation, role-playing, massage, sensual touch, or phone, sexting or online sex. Non-intercourse sexual activities can be engaged in on their own or as part of a broader sexual encounter, and can be focused on increasing pleasure and intimacy, rather than just as a prelude to intercourse. Non-intercourse sexual activities can be engaged in for their own sake or as part of a broader exploration of sexual pleasure, and can be seen as ends in themselves or as part of a broader exploration of intimacy and connection with a partner. From a hedonistic perspective, the specific techniques and positions used during sexual activity, including intercourse, may be chosen with the goal of maximizing pleasure and enjoyment. This could also involve the use of sexual toys, the incorporation of sensual touch or other pleasurable stimuli, and other techniques that are designed to enhance pleasure. There are also many different ways to explore intimacy and pleasure with a partner. It's all about finding what works for you and your partner and being open to trying new things. Some people might enjoy more sensual and romantic activities, like massages or role-playing, while others might be more adventurous and experimental, like BDSM or trying new positions. It's all about finding what feels good and what makes you both feel connected and satisfied. The key is to communicate openly with your partner and have fun exploring new ways to connect and be intimate. Just like trying new foods can be a thrilling and rewarding experience, so can trying new sexual activities. The Bible offers guidance on the topic of sexual activities outside of intercourse within marriage. 1 Corinthians 7:1-4 states: "It is good for a man not to have sexual relations with a woman. But because of immoralities, each man should have relations with his own wife and each woman with her own husband. A husband should fulfill his marital responsibility to his wife, and likewise a wife to her husband. It is not the wife who has the rights to her own body, but the husband. In the same way, it is not the husband who has the rights to his own body, but the wife." This passage should be understood in the context of the whole Bible and within the cultural context in which it was written. In this passage, Paul is addressing the issue of sexual immorality and the importance of maintaining sexual purity. He is encouraging believers to fulfill their marital responsibilities to their spouse, and to use their bodies in a way that honors God. However, this passage should not be understood to mean that a husband has complete control over his wife's body, or that a wife has complete control over her husband's body. In a healthy marriage, both spouses should have mutual respect for each other's bodies and make decisions about physical intimacy, including sexual activities outside of intercourse, together. The Talmud emphasizes the importance of respecting one's spouse's needs and desires in all aspects of a marriage, including in the area of sexual intimacy. "One should always be considerate of his wife's wishes, and act in a way that is pleasing to her" (Ketubot 62a). "If one's wife is happy, he will be rewarded, but if she is unhappy, he will be punished" (Sotah 17a). "The husband should consult with his wife before making any important decisions" (Ketubot 62a). These passages highlight the importance of considering one's spouse's desires and boundaries when it comes to sexual activities outside of intercourse. It is important for a husband to involve his wife in the decision-making process, and to create a mutually satisfying and pleasurable experience for both partners. By respecting his wife's wishes and striving to fulfill her needs and desires, a husband can create a deeper level of intimacy and connection in their relationship. Both partners should be open and honest with each other about their needs and boundaries, and make decisions about physical intimacy together. By working as a team and respecting each other's wishes, a couple can create a healthy and fulfilling sexual relationship. While the Quran does not specifically mention non-intercourse sexual activities, this passage could be understood to allow for a range of physical intimacy between husband and wife. "Your wives are a place of sowing of seed for you, so come to your place of cultivation however you wish and put forth [righteousness] for yourselves." This verse suggests that sexual intimacy is an important and positive part of a marital relationship, and that couples should strive to create a mutually satisfying and enjoyable experience for each other. A Symphony of Satisfying Delights Euphoria, Ecstasy, climax, and orgasm are four experiences that are often associated with sexual activity, but they are not the same thing. Ecstasy is typically more of an emotional or spiritual experience, and may involve feelings of transcendence, unity, or a sense of oneness with the divine. Orgasm is typically the most brief of the three experiences, lasting only a few seconds to a few minutes, while climax may last slightly longer and ecstasy can be an even longer-lasting experience, involving a sustained sense of joy, bliss, or happiness. Orgasm is typically the most intense of the three experiences, followed by climax, and then ecstasy. Orgasm is typically the most difficult of the three experiences to achieve, and may not occur every time a person engages in sexual activity, while climax and ecstasy may be more common or easier to achieve. These three experiences can also be influenced by a person's emotional state, personal desires and preferences, and the dynamic of their relationship with their partner. Euphoria Euphoria is a sustained feeling of intense happiness and well-being, while orgasm is a physical response that occurs during sexual activity. Additionally, there can be significant differences in the intensity and duration of these experiences. Orgasm is often described as a brief, intense experience, while euphoria can be a more sustained feeling that may last for a longer period of time. It is possible for a person to experience both euphoria and orgasm at the same time. The combination of these two experiences can create a particularly intense and pleasurable experience. However, it is important to note that these are two distinct experiences and they can occur independently of each other. Some people may experience euphoria without having an orgasm, and vice versa. This erotic memory generates interest, attraction, and possibly desire to seek out the partner again. Both euphoria and orgasm can be accompanied by feelings of pleasure and intense happiness. They can also both involve physical sensations such as an increased heart rate and changes in breathing. However, it is important to note that these experiences are distinct and can occur independently of each other. Ecstasy In the context of sexual activity, ecstasy can a result of the intense pleasure or emotional connection they feel with their partner. For some people, the experience of sexual activity can be a deeply spiritual or meaningful experience, and they may describe feeling a sense of connection or unity with their partner, or with a higher power or divine presence. The experience of spiritual ecstasy can be a powerful and transformative experience, and may help individuals to gain insights into their own beliefs, values, and motivations. Some people may find that the experience of spiritual ecstasy helps them to better understand themselves and their place in the world, and may even lead to personal growth and self-discovery. In the context of Tantra, intercourse can be seen as a way to cultivate and channel the life force or "prana" within oneself and one's partner. Practitioners of Tantra may seek to extend and intensify the experience of sexual pleasure, including during intercourse, in order to achieve a higher state of consciousness and a deeper connection with their partner. Tantra practitioners may use a variety of approaches to maximize pleasure and achieve a sense of unity during sexual activity, including intercourse. These can include techniques such as slowed or controlled breathing, eye gazing, and the use of specific body positions and movements. Some common positions used in Tantra include the Yab-Yum position (where the partners sit facing each other with their legs intertwined) and the Lotus position (where the partners sit facing each other in a cross-legged position). The specific techniques and positions used in Tantra will vary depending on the preferences and beliefs of the individuals involved, and it is important for individuals to communicate with their partners about their desires and preferences in order to have a satisfying and enjoyable sexual experience. Climax During sexual activity, climax can be an intense and satisfying experience. It is often characterized by a series of physical sensations and responses, including muscle contractions, changes in heart rate and blood pressure, and a feeling of intense pleasure. Some people may experience a feeling of release or relief at the point of climax, as the body's tension and arousal are dissipated. Climax can be a highly individualized experience, and the specific sensations and responses that a person experiences may vary based on their own personal desires and preferences, the specific nature of the sexual activity, and the dynamic of their relationship with their partner. Some people may experience multiple climaxes during a single sexual encounter, while others may experience a single, more prolonged climax. Climax may be accompanied by vocalizations, facial expressions, or other outward signs of pleasure. In some cases, a person may experience orgasm and climax as a single, unified experience, with the orgasm occurring at the peak of sexual pleasure. In other cases, a person may experience climax and orgasm as distinct events, with the climax occurring first and the orgasm occurring afterward. It is also possible for a person to experience climax without having an orgasm, or to have an orgasm without experiencing a distinct climax. It is reported that during climax some people may have spiritual experiences such as feeling a sense of unity with the universe or feeling a sense of connection with a higher power. These experiences can be deeply personal and meaningful, and may be accompanied by a feeling of transcendence or a sense of leaving the physical body behind. These spiritual experiences can vary significantly from person to person and may be influenced by a range of factors such as an individual's personal beliefs, the nature of the sexual activity, and the dynamic of their relationship with their partner. Orgasm In the context of sexual activity, orgasm and climax are often used interchangeably to refer to the peak of sexual pleasure. However, it is important to note that these terms have slightly different meanings and can refer to slightly different experiences. Orgasm is typically the most brief of the four experiences, lasting only a few seconds to a few minutes. During sexual activity, orgasms can be a powerful and pleasurable experience for both men and women. They are typically characterized by a series of muscle contractions in the genital region and can be accompanied by a range of physical and emotional sensations, including pleasure, arousal, and excitement. In men, orgasms are often accompanied by ejaculation, which is the release of semen from the penis. In women, orgasms can be accompanied by contractions of the pelvic muscles and the release of lubrication. In terms of the neurophysiology of ejaculation, it is thought to be controlled by a combination of both sensory and motor neurons, which are responsible for transmitting signals to and from the brain and the genitals. Orgasms can be a result of stimulation of the genitals or other erogenous zones, and can be experienced during solo or partnered sexual activity. The intensity and duration of orgasms can vary from person to person, and can be influenced by a range of factors such as physical arousal, mental arousal, and the nature of the sexual activity. Orgasm can be accompanied by a range of physical and emotional responses, including an increased heart rate, heavy breathing, and a feeling of release or relaxation. There are many spiritual traditions that incorporate the experience of orgasm into their practices. For example, some ancient Eastern spiritual traditions, such as Taoism, consider orgasm to be a form of spiritual energy that can be harnessed and directed towards spiritual goals. In these traditions, orgasm is often seen as a form of cosmic unity or connection with the divine. In other spiritual traditions, such as some forms of Hinduism and Buddhism, the experience of orgasm is seen as a temporary escape from suffering and a way to achieve a sense of unity and oneness with the universe. There are also many modern spiritual practices that incorporate the experience of orgasm, such as some forms of sex magic and modern tantra, which seek to use the energy of orgasm to achieve spiritual transformation or enlightenment. However, it is important to note that the spiritual significance of orgasm varies significantly between different traditions and individual practitioners, and not all spiritual traditions view orgasm as a positive or important aspect of spiritual practice. In Buddhism, being present in the moment of orgasm means being fully aware and present in the experience, rather than being distracted by thoughts, emotions, or external distractions. This can involve paying attention to the physical sensations of the body, as well as the mental and emotional states that arise during the experience. By being present in the moment, one can fully experience the intensity and pleasure of the orgasm, rather than being lost in thought or distracted by external stimuli. This can also involve cultivating a sense of mindfulness and non-attachment to the experience, allowing it to unfold naturally without trying to control or manipulate it. By being present in the moment of orgasm, one can fully embrace the intensity and pleasure of the experience, and may even be able to extend or enhance the experience through the practice of mindfulness and presence. The Rhythm and Flow of Release Ejaculation is a physical response that typically occurs during sexual activity, specifically in males. It is characterized by the release of semen from the penis, which is accompanied by muscle contractions in the muscles of the pelvic floor, which include the muscles of the prostate, the seminal vesicles, and the vas deferens. These muscles contract rhythmically during ejaculation in order to forcefully expel the semen from the penis. . Ejaculation is often accompanied by an orgasm, which is a feeling of intense pleasure that is typically accompanied by muscle contractions in the genital region. However, it is possible for a person to experience ejaculation without experiencing an orgasm, or to experience an orgasm without ejaculating. The specific sensations that a person experiences during ejaculation will depend on a range of factors, including their own personal desires and preferences, the specific nature of the sexual activity, and the dynamic of their relationship with their partner. In terms of the neurophysiology of ejaculation, it is thought to be controlled by a combination of both sensory and motor neurons, which are responsible for transmitting signals to and from the brain and the genitals. The release of lubrication in females is not typically referred to as ejaculation. Ejaculation specifically refers to the release of semen from the penis, which occurs in males during sexual activity. In females, the release of lubrication, which is a clear or slightly cloudy fluid that is produced by the glands in the cervix and the walls of the vagina, is not considered to be equivalent to ejaculation. The release of lubrication in females is typically called "lubrication" or "vaginal lubrication," and it serves to moisten and lubricate the vagina in order to facilitate sexual activity. Lubrication is a normal physiological response to sexual arousal in females and is not typically accompanied by an orgasm or any other specific sensations. The amount of lubrication produced can vary depending on a range of factors, including a person's age, hormonal status, and level of arousal. Squirting, also known as female ejaculation, is the release of a small amount of fluid from the female prostate, or Skene's gland, during sexual activity. This fluid is usually clear or slightly milky in appearance, and is thought to be produced by the glands in the cervix and the walls of the vagina. Squirting is not the same as vaginal lubrication, which is a normal physiological response to sexual arousal in females and is not typically accompanied by an orgasm or any other specific sensations. Some research suggests that squirting may be related to the release of the hormone oxytocin, which is involved in the regulation of sexual behavior and arousal. Other research suggests that squirting may be related to the release of other hormones or neurotransmitters, such as endorphins or dopamine, which are involved in the regulation of pleasure and reward. It is worth noting that not all females are able to squirt, and the prevalence of squirting among females is not well documented. Some studies suggest that squirting may be more common in certain groups of females, such as those who have had multiple childbirths or those who have had certain types of surgery on the prostate gland. However, more research is needed to fully understand the neurophysiology of squirting and its relationship to other aspects of female sexual function. Awakened Intimacy Consciousness is involved in sexual activity in a number of ways. First and foremost, it is important for individuals to be mindful and present in the moment, rather than being distracted by thoughts, emotions, or external distractions. This can involve paying attention to the physical sensations of the body, as well as the mental and emotional states that arise during the experience. Communication is also an important aspect of conscious sexual activity, as it allows individuals to express their desires, boundaries, and needs to their partner. By being aware and present in the moment, and by communicating with their partner, individuals can fully embrace the intensity and pleasure of the experience, and may even be able to extend or enhance the experience through the practice of mindfulness and presence. Additionally, consciousness can be involved in the planning and decision-making process surrounding sexual activity, such as considering the risks and potential consequences, and making informed choices that align with one's personal values and beliefs. Respecting your partner's beliefs about sexual activity is an important aspect of conscious sexual activity. This includes being aware of and sensitive to your partner's boundaries, desires, and values, and taking their needs and preferences into consideration when planning and engaging in sexual activity. It also involves communicating openly and honestly with your partner about your own desires and boundaries, and working together to create a mutually satisfying and respectful sexual experience. In order to create a conscious and respectful sexual relationship, it is important for both partners to be open and honest about their needs and desires, and to be willing to have open and honest communication about these things. By doing so, you can create a strong foundation of trust and respect, which can lead to more fulfilling and satisfying sexual experiences. When partners have different beliefs about sexual activity, it is important to have open and respectful communication to ensure that both parties feel comfortable and satisfied. It is not uncommon for individuals to have different values, boundaries, and preferences when it comes to sex, and it is important to respect and honor these differences in order to maintain a healthy and fulfilling relationship. This may involve discussing and negotiating boundaries, finding ways to compromise or explore each other's desires and preferences, and being open to trying new things or exploring different ways of being intimate. Ultimately, the key to maintaining a healthy and fulfilling sexual relationship is to be mindful and respectful of each other's beliefs, values, and boundaries, and to always communicate openly and honestly about what feels good and what does not. Think about consciousness in sexual activity is like the captain of a ship navigating through unchartered waters. It involves being present in the moment, paying attention to physical sensations and emotional states, and communicating with your partner to ensure a smooth and enjoyable journey. Just as a captain must be aware of the risks and potential consequences of their actions, it is important for individuals to be mindful of the potential risks and consequences of sexual activity, and to make informed choices that align with their personal values and beliefs. When partners have different beliefs or values, it is like encountering rough waves or unexpected weather. It is important to communicate openly and respectfully to find a way to navigate through these challenges and arrive at a destination that is enjoyable for both parties. Here is my attempt at writing a Seinfeld monologue to present my above analogy in a humorous way. Jerry: "So, let me get this straight. You're saying that being conscious during sex is like being the captain of a ship?" George: "Yeah, and I'm telling you, I don't want to be the captain. I just want to be a passenger on the Love Boat." Elaine: "I totally get what you mean. It's like, sometimes you just want to sit back and let the ride take you wherever it's going, you know?" Jerry: "Right, but other times you've got to be mindful of the course you're taking. You don't want to end up running aground or something." Kramer: "Hey, I'm all for consciousness in the bedroom. The more aware you are, the better the experience, I say." Jerry: "But what if your partner wants to go in a different direction than you do? That's where things can get tricky." Elaine: "Yeah, it's all about finding a balance and being respectful of each other's beliefs and boundaries. Communication is key." George: "Well, as long as there's no map involved, I think we'll be okay. “soul,” or even “spirit,” preferring instead to use terms like “consciousness” or “awareness.” When it comes to foreplay, building up sexual tension and is all about anticipation, and anticipation falls right at the center of sexual pleasure. Foreplay you are leading your partner to imagine sexual activity constant flow of activity to and from your genitals and brain, including the release of neurotransmitters like dopamine and oxytocin but you don't bring them too far, so that they miss out on the pleasure of the experience. masturbating , The clitoris is the central point of pleasure on a woman’s body. The purpose of foreplay is to add to sexual excitement, and to help prepare the body for intercourse by increasing vaginal lubrication or hardening the penis. During this phase of intimacy Muscle tension increases and involuntary body movements, particularly in the pelvis, begin to take over. Foreplay An orgasm is the peak of sexual arousal and pleasure, and it is typically accompanied by physical and emotional changes in the body. Orgasms are often described as a feeling of intense pleasure that can be accompanied by muscle contractions, changes in heart rate and blood pressure, and altered breathing. Although orgasms are not necessary for reproduction, they can play a role in increasing the likelihood of successful fertilization. In men, orgasms can help to increase the chances of fertilization by propelling sperm towards the egg. In women, orgasms can also increase the chances of fertilization by creating a more favorable environment for sperm, such as through the release of cervical mucus or the contraction of the cervix. Orgasm can also be an important part of a healthy and satisfying sex life, and it can contribute to overall well-being and happiness. orgasm (climax) refers to the point at which rhythmic contractions pump the semen and sperm out of the erect penis at high speed all the overworked muscles relax, tissue swells, with a discharge (ejaculation) of body fluids (sperm and semen) through the . A pleasurable experience from a object can continue to exist even even after it can no longer be seen, heard, smelled, or felt. A remarkable change occurs when we switch our physical desire from "I want to be held, heard and loved" to a mental intention of "I want to hold, listen, and love." According to neuroscientists, the hormones Oxytocin and Vasopressin are responsible for interpersonal bonding and attachment to an object. We pay greater attention to objects or people that evoke feelings of empathy, compassion, love, and tenderness. Our Hedonic adaptation begins with words of understanding and encouragement that hopefully will stimulate a positive response. As the connection grows between partners there is a greater dependance on each partner emotionally, physically, financially, and other healthy selfless ways. Actions can often speak louder than words. Sensitivity to a partner's suffering, coupled with a desire to hug, a shared meal, an offer to do a needed task to alleviate their suffering. Expressing a need requires some vulnerability since it signals that you are lacking something or require help from your partner. At the same time, it important for a partner to understand and respect the autonomy and independence of their significant other may need as well. We will access and engage with present and past thinkers who will give greater understanding of my self, your self, and others, and the world we live in through information literacy and science. In my experience creating a Happy healthy mental framework (thought process) of finding meaning with positive and negative emotions through a balance of instruction and shared connections with others. I have chosen to select writings designed to stimulate and strengthen my brain's neuronal pathways as well as create new ones that light the way to finding true happiness. We all have the opportunity to experience a sense of inner peace, if there is a desire (inclination) and patience to recognize the value of it. Constructing a healthy mental framework requires that we identify and then reconstruct the context of Misery (negative memories) by learning how to overcome any negative experience that is uneasy, uncomfortable, unpleasant, and or difficult with understanding. It has taken me a lifetime to accept the discomfort of negative experiences. I have been motivated find solutions to ease problematic memories and that reside within me. One of my main reasons to write this essay began on a cathartic effort to help me process my own personal misery. Everyone has bad days and to function we have to learn how to live our lives. This essay is designed to make your mental framework come alive and diffuse the negative energy of events that cause worry, panic, sadness and bad habits to rise. The first step to changing context is to accept that certain events in life will not go your way. You need to understand yourself as interwoven with the the world outside of you that may at times cause both Joy and Misery. Though meditation (prayer) and education, one can learn to identify and negate destructive reactive behaviors connected with a particular negative memory. Traumatic negative memories and habits may be challenging and take more time overcome depending on the severity of the event or series of events which caused stress, fear, anger, and harm. I personally have been working breaking away the bad habit of repeating the same mistakes again. A habit is a behavior pattern of actions that bring a recognized memory and an associated emotion that is repeated both consciously and subconsciously. We should all want to identify and remove bad habits that bring us Misery and make a concerted (mutual) effort to replace bad habits with good habits that bring us joy. Our understanding of what is a healthy mental framework should be connecting with individuals social and organizational ethical frameworks that compliment a mutual Pursuit of Happiness. In my opinion, Consciousness is relative to our capacity to integrate information we perceive subjectively and objectively to the surroundings around us. Some theorize that a brain creates a reality hallucination that is primarily focused on our survival. There are others that testify to a genuine and distinct spiritual intelligence that communicates the Truth of Life and Who We Are through thoughts we can understand. Regardless, if you believe our Consciousness exists in or outside our physical brain, our True Selves wants to be Happy and in Social Harmony with family and friends. Depending on who you are talking to the True Self, also known as a Subjective Conscious or Soul, gives your physical brain the ability to prioritize attention, make rational choices and take action without being overwhelmed by external stimuli or internal thoughts and feelings. There are times when we all have sudden panic attack where there is a sense or fear of losing control. I have had days where all I was doing was over reacting to emails, texts, phone calls completely dealing with other people’s needs. When get overwhelmed with anxiety and stress I find it healthy to disengage like a bird flying away from a storm. In a safe environment I hunker down and wait for the tempest of hysteria to pass. I choose the analogy of flight of birds, because they are mobile, visible and well-known in the research of stress management. Acute stress response plays an important role in how birds, animals, and humans cope with challenges because elevated corticosterone (CORT) levels can mediate learning and memory consolidation and help to increase their survival prospects. Understanding the cause of the symptoms, or talking things over with a friend or family member, may help When your ego is expressing stress take a moment and go to a safe space and calm down. When you are ready start learning to manage your feelings in healthy ways. When I return, My Subjective Conscious has clarity on how to best manage the present moment and focus on completing tasks. Take a minute. And focus on the word SPIRIT and do nothing, but breath. Now put a smile on your face and meditate on nothing, but what you believe SPIRIT to be. Do this as long as you feel that it is comfortable. Now close your eyes and focus on Connecting with a Universal Spirit that brings you Happiness. Take a break from reading and connect with a loved one or friend that is easy to talk to. Welcome back. Do you have a better idea on what Universal Spirit is? "We have Spirit, yes we do, we've got Spirit, how about you?" In Sports competition, the home-team advantage stems from a supportive home crowd that is connected to players. Spirit is defined as a collective belief in an animating force (pervading truth) of principles that keep our nation alive and unchanged in an evolving future. One of our Countries Founding Framers, Patrick Henry understood the American Spirit to be a Devotion (Patriotism) to the cause of rational regulated Liberty (Freedom) through Constitutional Rights where any defects can be amended by the motions made by elected representation on citizens behalf. The American Spirit has been tested in times of war, natural disaster, and peace. The Debates in the Convention of the Commonwealth of Virginia, On the Adoption of the Federal Constitution In Convention, Richmond, Patrick Henry - Thursday June 5, 1788 The American Spirit is defined as a collective belief in an animating force (pervading truth) of principles that keep our nation alive and unchanged in an evolving future. Many people like myself believe Love to be an invisible power connection with the Creator (God, Great Architect, Holy Spirit) of everything we perceive. It is my opinion, that is possible to bridge a connection between Humanist (Materialist) and Theist (Spiritualist) through a broad definition of the Universal Spirit of Love, meaning being in the presence and connecting with one Divine Conscious or many kindred Spirits (soul mates, manifestations) that share the same belief, cause, and/or ideal. The wisdom of the Universal Spirit gives our heads (rational actions) and hearts (emotional actions) a way of becoming free (no attachment) of Misery (guilt, shame, persecution, torment, trauma). It is through the teachings of the Spirit of Love can undo and vanquish the bad actions associated with Misery. Representatives of the Thirteen original colonies wrote that through sheer will and power the our Great Universal Spirit (Creator) endowed humanity with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness as defined in the Declaration of Independence. I ask you the reader to temporarily suspend your preconception or disbelief on whether or not a Creative Force of Nature exists or how a Faith teaching can give understanding on how the choice of our actions can lead to Life of Happiness or Misery until Death. To understand my reasoning on the topic of LOVE it is important to that I give you the reader background on the concepts of truth, virtue and the opportunity for happiness. I will be introducing and organizing relevant subject material (data) that establishes a frame of reference relating to systematic chains of thought that accurately explain the noumenon (concept) known as Virtue (Good Conduct) and how it relates to Love. It is my intention to guide you to the benefit of building strong character traits of respect and love for others without being to verbose, which might be not possible. In humility, I hope my essay to be an addendum to Jefferson's "The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth" (also known as the Jefferson Bible) and George Washington's "Rules of Civility & Decent Behavior" to best present the moral truth found in the Didache of the 12 Apostles and other works of Wisdom. In hope of sharing my personal Happiness, I claim the right to poetic license and layout design when it comes to the Emphasis of my thoughts and feelings in defining this idea. I will cite all my work with hyper text links to support a maxim (theory). Like Washington's Rules of Civility & Decent Behavior it is my first premise that there is a fraternal order of a true beliefs and customs that are self-evident (obvious, eternal) to finding Happiness and virtuous people of good character. We can understand the fragility of life to be self-evident. But, understanding a worthy purpose and value is unclear for many. And we must must be on guard to discern those individuals and media that attempt to dissuade us from the pursuit of true Happiness. The focus this study on discovering Happiness is searching for true wisdom instruction on how to obtain it. To get started on this endeavor; We must commit ourselves to NOT dishonor every gift of Wisdom that we accept as Truth. And knowing the Wisdom of Happiness is different from actually living it. Once good advise has been found, I have tried to honor this achievement in gratitude by inspiring others to discover and share its Usefulness and practice it in daily life. Teachers in fields in education can appreciate the benefit of positive reinforcement. An honest Social Engineer (Constitutional Framer, Lawyer) would see the benefits of a mentally happy community (society) that share the same understanding values. Those of faith would discern this as a method to reinforce the Dynamic (Generation) of Goodwill (Honor). I believe it is self evident that there is no downside to staying upbeat with positive thinking. In this essay we will explore the mechanisms to create positive neuroplasticity (physical change to the brain) and socioplasticity (cultural change to a society) that should be studied for its benefits to the happiness of our human condition. In addition, we will look at the ability to adaptively change the expression of our social behavior (cognitive mechanisms) according to experience we have in understanding the beliefs and intentions of others. This can be done by identifying social constructs of conduct that have been created and accepted by people throughout history. In the Age of Enlightenment the United States Declaration of Independence “the pursuit of happiness” was understood to be both a public duty and a private right by which society is governed through principles of law. I am using President Thomas Jefferson's syllabus method used in his book "The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth" as a starting point to best present the historical evolution of good and bad conduct. Jefferson's book was made made by cutting out gospel wisdom passages of the New Testament (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) and arranging them on the pages of a blank book, in a certain order of time or subject that he thought best to present the philosophical teachings of Jesus without the supernatural attention to showcase a well reasoned path to happiness in the world we live in and the hereafter. Thomas Jefferson to Charles Thomson, 9 January 1816 President John Adams understood the magnitude of Jefferson's work to be separating Jesus from the Divine to Jesus the Philosopher. John Adams to Thomas Jefferson, 14 November 1813 I will follow Jefferson's same syllabus method by adapting the modern technology of copying, cutting, and pasting a reasoned comparison of the Didache's text line by line with my life experiences, media and the Holy Word (Scripture) given by a supernatural Creative Force of Nature that has been witnessed and testified by the Jewish, Christian, and Muslim faiths. In addition, I will include other faiths, philosophy, and natural science in context to critically research a particular social teaching. I have chosen to research based o The Indian spiritual teacher Buddha, also known as Siddhartha Gautama taught the importance of understanding the nature of reality and the role that desire plays in causing suffering. The Buddhist teaching of the "Four Noble Truths" states that the root of suffering is desire and that the path to ending suffering is the cultivation of right understanding, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration. Buddha emphasized these eight practices, known as the "Eightfold Path," are considered the path to enlightenment and attain liberation from suffering. The Chinese Philosopher Laozi, also known as Lao Tzu, teachings on desire and the importance of living in harmony with the natural flow of the universe have had a significant influence on Chinese culture and thought. Like Buddhism, Louzi considered desire to be the source of suffering. The Egyptian Philosopher Amenemope advised on the importance of wisdom, self-control, and moderation in managing desire. For example, he advises: "Do not indulge in excess; beware of greed; be moderate in all that you do. Be content with what you have; do not desire what belongs to others." This passage suggests that Amenemope believed that excessive desire and greed could lead to problems and that wisdom and self-control were important in managing desire and avoiding negative outcomes. In ancient Greek philosophy, Desire (Epithymia) was often seen as a natural part of human psychology and was associated with the pursuit of Pleasure (Hedonia) and the avoidance of the Pain (Algos) of physical or emotional suffering or discomfort. Plato, for example, argued that desire was a fundamental aspect of human nature and that it played a central role in driving human behavior for pleasure or material possessions. Aristotle also believed that desire was a key aspect of human psychology, and he argued that it was an essential part of the process of achieving Happiness (Eudaimonia). The Greek philosopher Epicurus, believed pleasure is not just the feeling of physical pleasure or sensual gratification, but rather a state of contentment and happiness that is achieved through the satisfaction of basic needs and the absence of physical and mental pain. He argued that the key to achieving pleasure is to live a simple and moderate life, free from unnecessary desires and anxieties. He believed that excessive desire and the pursuit of material possessions can lead to unhappiness and frustration, and that true happiness can only be achieved through the cultivation of wisdom and the practice of virtue. The Persian Prophet Zoroaster, also known as Zarathustra considered desire is closely linked to the idea of free will and the choice between good and evil. Zoroaster believed that individuals have the ability to overcome their negative desires and to cultivate virtuous qualities through spiritual discipline and self-control. He also emphasized the importance of living in harmony with the natural world and respecting the rights and dignity of all living beings. Like the Greeks philosophers, Hebrew Sages, considered Desire (Ta'avah) as a driving force that motivates people to pursue their goals and to seek out pleasure and happiness. The Sages also depicted desire as a potential source of conflict or temptation, as people may be driven to pursue desires that are at odds with their values or goals. According to the Hebrew Bible, King Solomon, also known as Solomon, was renowned for his wisdom and was renowned for his ability to solve difficult problems and make fair judgments. He is also credited with writing several books of the Hebrew Bible, including the book of Proverbs and the book of Ecclesiastes, which contain many references to the concept of desire. In the book of Proverbs, Solomon writes: "Desire without knowledge is not good, and whoever makes haste with his feet misses his way" (Proverbs 19:2). This passage suggests that desire is not inherently bad, but that it can be problematic when it is not guided by knowledge or wisdom. In the book of Ecclesiastes, Solomon writes: "There is a vanity that takes place on earth, that there are just men to whom it happens according to the work of the wicked; again, there are wicked men to whom it happens according to the work of the righteous. I said that this also is vanity" (Ecclesiastes 8:14). This passage suggests that the pursuit of wealth and material possessions can be fruitless and that the outcomes of life are often unpredictable. Overall, Solomon's writings emphasize the importance of wisdom and self-control in managing desire and avoiding the pitfalls of greed, envy, and other negative desires. They teach that true happiness and fulfillment can only be achieved through a relationship with God and through living a life of righteousness and virtue. In the first part of the Talmud, the Mishnah, Hillel is mentioned as one of the key Jewish scholars and teachers of his time, and his teachings and insights are included in various sections of the text. Hillel is credited with saying: "What is hateful to you, do not do to your neighbor: that is the whole Torah; the rest is the explanation; go and learn" (Shabbat 31a). This teaching, known as the "Golden Rule," suggests that Hillel believed that the key to living a fulfilling and meaningful life was to focus on the well-being of others rather than on one's own desires. Jesus, who was a Jewish rabbi and spiritual leader in ancient Palestine, recognized both the positive and negative aspects of desire. He emphasized the importance of living a humble and simple life, but also recognized the role that desire can play in driving human motivation and achievement. In the Gospels, Jesus often spoke about the dangers of excessive desire and the importance of living a simple and humble life. For example, in the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus said: "Do not lay up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust destroy and where thieves break in and steal, but lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust destroys and where thieves do not break in and steal. For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also" (Matthew 6:19-21). This passage suggests that Jesus believed that excessive desire for material possessions could lead to spiritual impoverishment and that it was important to focus on spiritual rather than material wealth. At the same time, Jesus also recognized the importance of desire in driving human behavior and motivation. In the Parable of the Talents, for example, Jesus told a story about a master who gave his servants money to invest and rewarded those who used their talents wisely and increased their wealth (Matthew 25:14-30). This parable suggests that Jesus believed that it was important to have ambition and drive in order to achieve success and fulfill one's potential. The Prophet Muhammad taught that desire is a natural and inherent part of human nature. He recognized that individuals have different desires and that these desires can drive behavior and motivate people to pursue their goals and dreams. However, he also emphasized the importance of moderation and self-control in managing desires, and taught that excessive desire can lead to negative consequences such as greed, envy, and harm to oneself and others. In Islam, it is believed that the pursuit of material possessions and worldly desires should not be the primary focus of one's life, but rather should be balanced with the pursuit of spiritual growth and connection with God. The Prophet Muhammad encouraged his followers to focus on their inner selves and to seek contentment and satisfaction through their relationship with God and through living a life of virtue and good deeds. Rumi, a 13th-century Persian Muslim poet and mystic, addressed the concept of desire in his writings and teachings, and offers insights on how to manage and transform desire in the pursuit of spiritual growth. in one of his poems he writes: "I am a cloud. Desire is the wind that drives me, showing me the way. Without desire, I would not exist." This passage suggests that desire can be a powerful force that motivates and guides us on our spiritual journey, but that it is important to cultivate wisdom and discernment in order to avoid being swept away by unhealthy or excessive desire.

Greetings and Welcome "If you focus on the good, you will find it. But if you focus on the bad, you will find that too." From a young age, my father instilled in me a crucial moral lesson: 'Focus on the Good.' This simple yet profound guidance has been a beacon throughout my life, especially in challenging times. I've learned that concentrating on the positive aspects of my experiences and seeking the Good in people and situations not only brings comfort but also nurtures Happiness. Understanding the nature of good and bad is a journey shaped by our interactions with family, friends, teachers, and even adversaries. It's also influenced by the media we consume and the information we encounter across various platforms and devices. These myriad influences mold our worldview, guiding us in making informed decisions. In this pursuit of understanding, I've found it essential to remain humble, acknowledging that the vast mysteries of the universe are far beyond any individual's complete grasp. This humility in acknowledging the limits of our knowledge, coupled with the wisdom passed down from my father, has enlightened my path and, I hope, will continue to inspire others long after I am gone. It is self-evident that we have been given the gift of perception and a conscious mind to experience this very moment. What I have written is now connected to what you are reading in the present, bridging the gap between the time of creation and the time of reception. This phenomenon underscores a profound Truth about human consciousness: it can transcend time. Our thoughts and expressions, captured in words, can leap across the temporal divide, touching minds and hearts in a future we cannot see. Just as a message written centuries ago can stir emotions and provoke thoughts today, our current reflections may resonate far into the future. This time-transcending aspect of consciousness connects us not just to each other in the present, but also to both our ancestors and descendants. In this interconnected web of time and thought, we find ourselves pondering the deeper Truths about our existence and the nature of the universe, truths that are explored and interpreted in myriad ways across different cultures and belief systems. We are all given personal freedom of Conscious to Believe that the existence of Time, Laws, and Declarations are the Design of a Supernatural Creator, a Creative Force of Nature, or a mere Accidental Truth. There are those that propose we are all just Avatars in a Mental Simulation. Some think everything is a mechanism of a Perfect Pattern generated by random chance. Each one of us can evaluate for ourselves what is right and good. But coexisting with others requires communication and respect for different ideas of what is reality. I believe that this universe is tuned for the existence of intelligent life. Otherwise, you and the rest of us would not be able to observe it. This myriad of perspectives, from the belief in a supernatural creator to the notion of a simulated reality, to the acceptance of random chance, reflects the rich tapestry of human thought and belief. It's a demonstration that such profound questions about our existence and the nature of the universe often transcend objective verification or falsification. Instead, they invite us to engage in deep reflection and respect the diverse views that arise from our collective quest for understanding and meaning. While some ideas can be tested and verified through empirical means, others remain in the realm of personal conviction or subjective experience. Each culture, tradition, and individual brings forth a unique lens through which reality can be viewed, and understanding these varying viewpoints can provide a richer and more nuanced comprehension of the Truth. This diversity of perspectives not only enriches our collective wisdom but also challenges us to think critically and empathetically about our own beliefs and assumptions. It reminds us that reality, as perceived by human minds, is a complex mosaic made of various interpretations, each colored by the individual's background, experiences, and values. In acknowledging this, we open ourselves to the possibility that there may be multiple Truths coexisting, each valid within its own context. This realization fosters a more inclusive and tolerant world where dialogue and understanding prevail over conflict and division. Ultimately, the pursuit of truth becomes not just a personal journey but a collective endeavor, where shared insights and collaborative learning lead us closer to a comprehensive understanding of the universe and our place within it. My endeavor is to learn and share the wisdom I have gained through life experiences to solve problematic mental states and help map a conscious well-being framework within ourselves on how to to cultivate happiness within ourselves. It is essential to consider the various dimensions of reality that shape our understanding and experience of life. I hope that our moment of connection is a beneficial memory of a shared pursuit of happiness that endures and influences others to find the good in themselves. I believe that everyone has the ability achieve a deep understanding of the nature of reality and liberate ourselves from suffering and ignorance. The Nature of Truth In the quest to unravel life's mysteries, I have approached what is Truth with an open and sincere mind, ready to confront intense emotions and challenge my deeply-held beliefs. I found this journey of discovery requires a thoughtful reflection on the impact of our thoughts and actions on both ourselves and others. Wisdom, in its most transformative form, is cultivated through introspection and a commitment to the greater good. Most religious, philosophical, and ethical systems concur that wisdom transcends mere knowledge; it entails the judicious and moral application of knowledge towards benevolent ends. Conversely, using knowledge for malevolent purposes is a distortion of true wisdom, leading one away from a sense of unity and purpose. Such a distortion can create an emotional chasm, engendering a profound feeling of emptiness and aimlessness. Indeed, the dichotomy between science and the supernatural highlights the diverse ways in which humans seek to understand the mysteries of the universe. While science relies on logic, evidence, and repeatability to unravel these mysteries, the supernatural often leans on faith, personal testimony, and experiences that defy conventional explanation. Many phenomena initially perceived as supernatural or paranormal can ultimately be explained through logical or scientific means, highlighting the complexities of the human mind and its susceptibility to misinterpretation. Our understanding of the world is shaped not only by empirical evidence but also by cognitive biases and perceptual limitations. The human mind, incredibly complex as it is, can sometimes perceive things that aren't there or misinterpret events. Visual stimuli, for example, can trick our eyes and brains into believing we've seen something that isn't really there. Additionally, cognitive biases such as confirmation bias can lead individuals to interpret information in a way that confirms their preexisting beliefs, even in the face of contradictory evidence. In my exploration of these complexities, the concept of a "sixth sense" continues to intrigue scholars and practitioners alike, both in the realm of perceptual and physical abilities. There have been documented instances where individuals have demonstrated extraordinary perceptual abilities, seemingly transcending the bounds of conventional senses. Additionally, some individuals have exhibited remarkable physical abilities, defying the limitations of traditional understanding. These occurrences often unfold in high-stakes situations, where split-second decisions carry life-or-death consequences. While skeptics may dismiss such events as mere coincidence or anecdote, the broad interest in these phenomena underscores their potential significance. This fascination with the "sixth sense" speaks to my own curiosity and desire to understand the depths of human perception and physical capabilities, recognizing that there may be more to our senses and abilities than meets the eye. By intertwining scripture, science, and wisdom teachings, my explorations have revealed profound insights into the intricate relationship between the Divine and human experience. This holistic approach has uncovered the interconnectedness that lies at the core of all existence, transcending cultural and religious boundaries. Through this synthesis of knowledge and understanding, I find myself guided along a path of spiritual growth and enlightenment. Each step forward sheds light on universal truths, bringing us closer together as fellow travelers on the journey of life. I truly believe the study of media and the interactions with others extends one's own awareness, especially considering the depth of engagement and the exchange of ideas that can occur. Shared Truth Connects Humanity In my exploration, I have discovered that Truth is not a static or singular entity but a dynamic force that profoundly resonates within our innermost being. This Truth often defies the confines of conventional understanding, and is more deeply felt than precisely articulated. Such personal experiences of Truth provide a unique lens through which we view and understand the world, yet they also connect us to a broader, universal Truth that reflects the collective human experience. When our actions and decisions align with our beliefs and true selves, the emotions and sensations we experience are deeply affirming and empowering. This congruence fosters a sense of harmony, inner peace, confidence, and integrity, indicating that we are on the right path. Conversely, when there is a misalignment between our actions and our inner truth, we encounter a drastically different emotional landscape. This internal discord, often marked by feelings of guilt, unease, or a sense of betrayal to our own values, highlights the critical importance of ensuring our external actions reflect our internal truths. It underlines the essence of living authentically and the need for a consistent alignment between our actions and our core values. Engaging with a community of like-minded company of fellow seekers in an environment where diverse perspectives and collective wisdom can be exchanged has profoundly enriched my understanding. This communal exploration allows for deeper insights into the nature of humanity and the multifaceted facets of Truth. It is important to recognize that Truth may not always be a singular, isolated concept. Instead, it often reveals itself as a tapestry of intertwined realities, shaped by the diverse experiences of individuals and the collective consciousness of our shared existence. The pursuit of Truth becomes a collective endeavor, where each thread in the tapestry contributes to the broader understanding of the profound mysteries that surround us. Truth often mirrors the prevailing moral consensus of a Society. When a specific moral principle or value is widely embraced and shared by the majority of the population, it is more likely to be enshrined in laws. Laws are the formal regulations and rules that a society establishes to govern behavior and maintain order. They serve as the embodiment of a society's collective values and beliefs, acting as a framework for social conduct. People are naturally inclined to respect and adhere to laws that resonate with their own moral convictions, as these laws align with their sense of right and wrong. This alignment between individual moral beliefs and enacted laws not only promotes compliance but also fosters a sense of cohesion and trust within society. The pursuit of Truth remains an enduring endeavor amidst the complexities of the present moment, urging us to embrace its dynamic nature. Throughout history, it has been integral to scientific progress and philosophical inquiry, evolving alongside our experiences and discoveries. Examining societal changes and embracing enduring principles offer stability and clarity amidst the ever-changing human landscape, guiding us towards social progress and fostering a deeper connection to our values and responsibilities In sharing my journey and these insights, my intention is to bridge the gap between the personal and the Universal, to illuminate how individual realizations contribute to a broader, more empathetic understanding of the human condition. This synthesis of personal revelations and collective wisdom underscores the idea that our deepest Truths, while uniquely our own, are also integral to a larger tapestry of human experience. This tapestry is woven with threads of empathy, understanding, and shared humanity, suggesting that our individual paths to truth are not solitary endeavors but part of a collective journey. In recognizing this, we see that living in alignment with our truths not only enriches our own lives but also contributes to the greater good, fostering a more connected, compassionate, and understanding world. Therefore, as we navigate our individual paths, we do so with the awareness that each step taken in truth not only affirms our own integrity but also resonates within the larger context of our shared human experience. Experiences Influenced by the Subconscious From a psychological standpoint, these experiences of seeking and living our Truth can be viewed as manifestations of the subconscious mind, a powerful and often mysterious component of our psyche. Operating beneath the level of conscious awareness, the subconscious significantly influences our thoughts and behaviors. In moments of intense pressure or significant life transitions, it can project onto our conscious mind various images, sensations, or narratives that aid in coping with these situations. Such subconscious projections may manifest as comforting presences or voices, providing solace and guidance in our most vulnerable moments. This psychological perspective adds another layer to our understanding of how deeply personal experiences, rooted in the subconscious, connect us to universal truths and the collective human journey. As for the role of the subconscious and its influence on our perceptions, just as the force of wind is influenced by pressure systems and various environmental factors, our subconscious is shaped by a myriad of internal and external influences. In my understanding of Psychoanalytic theory suggests that the subconscious operates beneath our conscious awareness, guiding us through processed images, sensations, or narratives. This Cognitive Analysis Conjectures that Truth is largely a subjective construct, shaped by individual subliminal inclinations that strengthens or weakens depending on how long you pay attention to it. The term Conjecture is often used to describe theories or beliefs that are plausible but not proven or verified. This explanation, while compelling, indicates that we might be influenced by internal illusions, leading us to question the true nature of our perceptions and experiences. However, it's important to note that this is a persuasive narrative and may not necessarily reflect the actual Truth. It is indeed true that our perceptions and experiences can be clouded by our individual perspectives and biases. However, this should not lead us to conclude that Truth is merely a product of individual inclinations. Instead, I propose that it is necessary to transcend these subjective influences and strive for a deeper objective understanding. While the concept of the subconscious undoubtedly influences our daily lives, it should not diminish the importance of our pursuit of Truth through reason and dialectical inquiry, where opposing viewpoints are examined to reach a conclusion or find a synthesis of ideas. Throughout my travels and encounters, I've observed that cultural relativism significantly influences how Truth is perceived across different societies. In one culture, a particular belief or principle may be held as true, while in another, it could be interpreted quite differently. For example, Eastern philosophies such as Taoism and Buddhism often embrace a concept of truth that is fluid and interconnected, a stark contrast to the fixed and objective nature of truth as seen in Western philosophy. In these Eastern traditions, Truth is not a static entity but is viewed as an evolving construct that is deeply woven into the fabric of life's changing contexts and circumstances. This understanding implies that our perception of truth can shift depending on specific situations and cultural lenses. Conversely, Western society tends to regard truth as an objective, unchanging reality, discerned through rationalism and empiricism, where logical reasoning and empirical evidence are paramount in uncovering truths. These variances highlight the critical role of cultural context in shaping our understanding of truth, indicating that our interpretations are deeply influenced by our cultural backgrounds and worldviews. By acknowledging and valuing these different perspectives on truth, we can broaden our global comprehension, fostering greater empathy and connectivity across diverse cultures. Language and communication styles also reflect cultural attitudes towards Truth. In some cultures, Truth is conveyed directly and explicitly, while in others, it is expressed through metaphors, allegories, and indirect communication. For example, in many Asian cultures, Truth is often communicated implicitly, respecting social harmony and hierarchy. In contrast, Western cultures may prioritize directness and clarity in the expression of Truth. These linguistic and communicative differences reveal how Truth is not only a matter of content but also of form and presentation, shaped by cultural norms and values. The Natural Sciences also teach us that the universe operates according to fundamental laws that can be discovered, understood, and applied in various contexts, reflecting insight that shared truths connect humanity. These laws, such as gravity or the principles of thermodynamics, are examples of Universal Truths that, despite being discovered and articulated through human effort, exist independently of our beliefs or perceptions. They exemplify how understanding and aligning with these truths can lead to Advancements and Harmony in Human Society. Psychology suggests that our pursuit of Truth is influenced by innate desires, biases, and cultural conditioning, yet it also points to the universal need for authenticity, connection, and understanding. This aligns with the scientific understanding that while our perceptions of the world can be subjective, there are underlying realities and truths that, when acknowledged and respected, can lead to a more cohesive and empathetic society. I believe that our consciousness is deeply integrated into the universe, serving not merely as a passive observer but as an active participant. Just as the observer effect suggests that consciousness influences the behavior of particles, our consciousness actively participates in shaping our experiences and perceptions. This influence extends to the formation of our subconscious mind, which absorbs and integrates all experiences, whether positive or negative. Every moment leaves an imprint on our subconscious, molding our beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. By choosing to focus on positive experiences such as love, accomplishment, and joy, we profoundly impact our subconscious, fostering patterns of resilience, optimism, and gratitude. These experiences reinforce feelings of self-worth and connection, empowering us to actively shape our subconscious mind and enhance our overall sense of well-being and fulfillment. From my experience, the subconscious can be viewed as the bridge between the conscious mind and the soul, which is the core of one’s being, the eternal and immutable essence that exists beyond physical life. The subconscious acts as a repository for all our memories, emotions, and experiences, many of which are not readily accessible to the conscious mind but can still significantly influence behavior and thoughts. In this interaction, the soul influences the subconscious, which then feeds into the conscious mind. The conscious, through awareness and choice, can seek alignment with the soul. Awareness involves not only recognizing these subconscious influences but also understanding how they align with the deeper desires of the soul. Making choices that reflect this understanding promotes a harmony that transcends ordinary existence, leading to a more integrated and enlightened existence. This process is dynamic and continuous, enriching one’s life with meaning and purpose. Understanding Patterns in the Sky The concept of active participation in our conscious experience resonates with a memorable New Year's Eve at Baltimore Harbor. My family and I experienced something truly special that went beyond our usual fireworks tradition. Instead, it was an LED drone show that truly captivated us. These drones, adorned with bright LED lights, moved with precision, creating elaborate and synchronized patterns in the sky. This performance was not just a technological showcase but also a creative representation of our city's vibrant spirit and passion for our local sports teams. The unique and enchanting visual performance offered a fresh perspective on celebration, blending innovation with tradition. As the night sky lit up with brilliant orange, the drones assembled into the iconic "Os" high above, representing the Baltimore Orioles. Soon after, they shifted into a majestic purple representation of a Raven's head, moving its beak left to right. This transformation provided a striking contrast to the traditional fireworks, further highlighting the potential of technology in enhancing our festive experiences. Each drone's movement was smooth, showcasing the precision and potential of synchronized aerial technology. The drone display sparked an epiphany as each light, precise and clear, not only illuminated the sky but also became a vivid portrayal of neurons, sparking like the synaptic connections in my brain. This performance transcended mere entertainment; it illustrated a fundamental aspect of human existence. It became a visual symphony of connectivity and communication within our minds, a tangible representation of the abstract patterns of thought and emotion. This profound visual experience deepened my appreciation for the intricate interplay between technology and human cognition. Recalling lessons from my biology class enhanced my understanding of how my vision functioned while I watched the precision-engineered aerial display above. My eyes, equipped with cone and rod photoreceptors, processed the brilliant colors and subtle movements of the drones. Cone receptors, concentrated mainly in the fovea which is a small central pit in the retina that allows for acute and detailed vision, are highly sensitive to bright light and crucial for high-resolution color vision. Meanwhile, rod receptors, more abundant outside the fovea and highly sensitive to low light, play a key role in peripheral vision and motion detection, also contributing to shape recognition in dimmer settings. The dazzling light from the drones triggered a chemical transformation in the photoreceptor cells, converting the light into electrical signals. These signals were processed and transmitted by neurons in the retina through the optic nerve. Upon reaching the visual cortex, the signals underwent further analysis for shape, color, movement, and depth. I realized that the coordinated movements of the drones in the sky closely mirror the intricate processing of neurons communicating through action potentials, leading to a cascade of neural activity. Together, these two types of receptors allowed me to fully appreciate the intricate visuals of the drone show, showcasing a spectacular union of technology and biological perception. Like recalling a memory in the human brain, the drone light shows relied on electrical signals from a central control system to communicate with and manage the positions and lights of each drone. In the brain, the frontal cortex plays a crucial role in decision-making and in coordinating different regions to work together in reconstructing and presenting a memory. Similarly, in a drone light show, each drone has a specific role, and all must operate in sync under the guidance of the central control system to create the overall image or pattern in the sky. As the lights and patterns unfolded, my brain's limbic system, particularly the amygdala and hippocampus, actively processed these emotional stimuli under the coordination of the frontal cortex. This brain area, responsible for complex cognitive functions including emotional responses, helped interpret and respond to the visual spectacle. The vibrant colors and dynamic movements elicited feelings of awe and joy, which were then encoded as emotional memories in the hippocampus, ready to be recalled whenever I reflect on this unique New Year's Eve. Additionally, the release of dopamine in response to the pleasure of the display further reinforced my feelings of happiness and contentment, enhancing my overall emotional experience. This intricate interaction between sensory processing and emotional reaction not only deepened my connection to the display but also left a lasting impression that resonated with my personal sense of wonder and appreciation for technological artistry. Creating Space for Spiritual Exploration In every interaction, whether it's with friends, family, or colleagues, I aim to create an environment characterized by openness and sensitivity. This endeavor is deeply influenced by my personal Spiritual journey, teaching me the critical importance of listening, understanding, and respecting the diverse spiritual paths that individuals follow, no matter how much they may differ from my own. My faith shapes not only my personal life but also enriches my interactions with others, enabling us to move beyond superficial exchanges and explore the deeper meanings and values that give our lives purpose and direction. Grounded in the values of Free Will and personal conscience, I am profoundly aware of the potential impact of my words on others' beliefs, whether that impact is intentional or not. This awareness comes from recognizing the significant influence that respected figures in my life have had on me. The challenge of expressing my own beliefs while respecting others' right to their viewpoints is a nuanced one. My aim has been to foster a space where camaraderie thrives, encouraging individuals to freely explore and express their beliefs in all their variety, even if they differ significantly from my own. I am aware that encounters may arise where others' beliefs are in stark contrast to my own Values. In these moments, I have committed myself to listening and providing a space for open dialogue, even if I do not personally agree with every viewpoint shared. This stance allows me to balance the appreciation for diverse life journeys while staying true to my convictions. Having been confronted with beliefs different from my own, I strive to respond with understanding and support rather than judgment. My approach is to seek understanding from others, embracing their insights and comfort in times of need. This pursuit is not just about finding solace but also about reinforcing the communal bonds that connect us. Acknowledging our vulnerabilities and seeking support is a recognition of our shared human experience, emphasizing the power of empathy and connectedness. In this essay I hope to facilitate a space of healing and compassion, underpinned by developing a deep sense of shared understanding and how to support others. My practice of reaching out for comfort not only provides the empathy and connection I seek, but also strengthens the ties that bind us as a Friends, fostering a collective environment of healing and compassion. Skepticism, too, finds its place in this worldview, not as a denial of the unseen but as a respectful and humble inquiry into the mysteries of the divine. Integrating the profound teachings of the Scripture with insights from a broad spectrum of world religions and the explorative depth of philosophy offers a rich tapestry of understanding that shapes my engagement with others. I try to take a holistic approach that marries the spiritual with the intellectual, blending the timeless wisdom found in sacred texts with the questioning nature of philosophical inquiry. It has fostered a more nuanced comprehension of love, morality, and the essence of human connection for me. By drawing on diverse traditions and thought systems, I have taught myself to cultivate a perspective that values empathy, compassion, and a deep sense of interconnectedness. This amalgamation encourages a life lived in reflection and purpose, guided by a commitment to the ideals of Divine Love and the pursuit of universal truths. It propels me to navigate my journey with an open heart, embracing the complexities of human experience while fostering a space of understanding and support. Indeed we are part of Nature and must respect its laws and limits, there's also a spiritual dimension to our existence that invites us to rise above mere survival or material satisfaction, seeking deeper meaning and connection with something greater beyond our senses. Love is a sacred force in our existence, guiding us to profoundly shape our connections and interactions with steadfast intention and purpose. This approach not only enriches my personal spiritual practice but also reinforces the communal bonds that connect us all. It underscores the power of a collective embrace of empathy and connectedness, emphasizing that our shared human experience is enriched by a deep engagement with a variety of wisdom traditions. Through this, I am reminded of the importance of reaching out in support of others, building a foundation for a compassionate and understanding world. Navigating the Spiritual Spectrum Spirituality is a multifaceted and deeply personal aspect of human experience that transcends traditional definitions and boundaries. It's not confined to the realm of religious belief or the acknowledgment of a deity, but rather, it encompasses a broader search for meaning, purpose, and connection in life. For many, spirituality is about understanding their place in the universe, fostering a sense of interconnectedness with the world and other beings. It often involves introspection and the pursuit of inner peace, achieved through practices like meditation, mindfulness, or prayer. Spirituality can manifest in an appreciation for the awe-inspiring wonders of nature, the exploration of one's inner self, or adherence to personal values and ethics. It is a journey of self-discovery and personal growth, where individuals seek to transcend the mundane and connect with something greater, whether that's a universal life force, philosophical ideals, or the profound depths of their own consciousness. In its essence, spirituality is about finding one's path to fulfillment, harmony, and a deeper understanding of life's mysteries. For those who believe that the universe is purposefully created with meaning, rather than just randomly formed from matter, every decision and judgment goes beyond simple logic. Instead, these choices connect deeply with an intuitive sense of a larger, more profound plan or design. Each decision and judgment made is not just a rational deduction, but also an intuitive alignment with a Greater Plan. It becomes a tool for Discerning Truth in a world where spiritual and empirical realities coexist, allowing us to navigate a path that honors both our rational understanding and our spiritual beliefs. The presence of Enlightened Beings, those who have reached a high level of Spiritual Development and who guide and protect others on their paths, further illustrates the richness of this journey. They, revered for their wisdom and compassion, exemplify the altruism and dedication inherent in the pursuit of enlightenment, reflecting a deep commitment to the welfare of all beings. Thus, the fusion of critical thinking, spiritual belief, reverence for a higher power, and guidance from enlightened beings crafts a holistic life philosophy. This philosophy blends the pursuit of knowledge, the exploration of spiritual depth, and respect for a transcendent reality into a cohesive journey toward enlightenment and understanding. Spiritualists who believe in a Higher Power, Universal Spirit, or Inner Light represent a form of Theism (Divine) that can be closely associated with Panentheism (God in all). This belief system emphasizes personal and direct experiences of the divine, distinct from traditional religious practices. Panentheism posits that the Universal Spirit interpenetrates every part of the universe and extends beyond it, allowing for a personal, direct experience of the Divine, as it is seen as both immanent within and transcending the universe. This approach diverges significantly from conventional theistic traditions by rejecting the necessity of intermediaries like clergy or established rituals. Instead, it champions the idea that every individual has the inherent capacity to connect with a divine presence on a personal level. Such spiritualists do not rely on structured religious institutions or sacred texts to mediate the divine encounter, but rather, their journey is characterized by deeply personal and individual spiritual experiences. This form of spirituality acknowledges that the divine experience is unique to each person, shaped by their individual consciousness and life experiences. It underscores the universality and accessibility of the divine, suggesting that the sacred is not confined to holy places or scriptures but is omnipresent and directly reachable within the human spirit. This form of theism, therefore, represents a significant shift from organized religion to a more individualized, introspective, and experiential approach to understanding and experiencing the divine, embodying the core principles of Panentheism. Nature based Spirituality recognizes the interdependence of all species aligns with a profound appreciation for the intricate web of life, where every creature is interconnected. This belief highlights an orchestration in the natural world, where humans, animals, plants, and all living entities are interwoven in a delicate balance, maintained by a singular, omnipotent laws. Such a worldview fosters a deep respect for the environment and all forms of life, underlining the unity and mutual dependency that characterizes our existence on this planet. It calls for an embrace of stewardship, where care for one another and the planet is seen as an expression of reverence for the the Great Architect who is reflected in the diversity and interdependence of our creation. This approach not only enriches our spiritual journey but also inspires a harmonious coexistence with the earth and its inhabitants, reflecting a universal bond that transcends individual beliefs and draws us together in shared responsibility and awe for the intricate beauty of our world. Something Greater Spirituality is recognizing a vast, wonderful mystery that connects everyone and everything. It's an awareness that stretches beyond us, linking all of life in a profound web of interconnectedness. I have learned to acknowledge that all our actions ripple through this Universal Web of Connection. I am grateful to have learned to develop a sense of responsibility to the well being of others and everything that envelopes us. In a space where love guides us, we discover a connection that binds all existence. This universal bond inspires a shared responsibility toward each other and the natural world, fostering unity and respect across for all Creation. As our society's grasp of spirituality deepens, the discussions surrounding this concept are bound to evolve, mirroring the diverse spectrum of human belief and experience. These conversations highlight the fluidity of spiritual boundaries across different cultures, revealing how modern spirituality often weaves together elements from various religions, philosophies, and secular viewpoints. This blending creates a rich mosaic of personal belief systems, each reflecting the unique experiences and values of individuals. Many people find their spirituality not in the ethereal or supernatural but in the profound awe, wonder, and interconnectedness with the cosmos, the intricate web of human relationships, and the profoundness of their own experiences. This form of spirituality is grounded in the tangible elements of existence, drawing on the empirical beauty of the world around us and aligning with deeply held personal values. It's a holistic approach that sees the divine not as an external entity but as embedded in the very fabric of life, in the order, harmony, and intelligence that govern the natural world. My perspective on Naturalism, recognizes the inherent order and Intelligence within the Universe, resonates deeply with this form of spirituality. It's about seeing the sublime in the ordinary, the extraordinary in the everyday, and understanding that the same principles that guide the stars in their courses and the seasons in their change also guide the rhythms of human life and the inner workings of our minds and spirits. I view this harmony and complexity of the universe as a reflection of the Natural order designed to illuminate this Truth that guides us through life. When you reflect on the Nature of Reality, the Universe's grandeur, and the intricate complexity of its order, you're engaging in a Spiritual Act. This reflection brings a sense of connection to something larger than yourself. Spiritualism is a recognition that we are part of a vast, interconnected web of existence that transcends time and space. Understanding that your thoughts, feelings, and beliefs are ever-evolving, like the Universe itself, is a testament to the dynamic, interconnected nature of all things. Be open to the possibility that your thoughts and feelings, along with your beliefs about who you are and what defines you, can change over time. Spirituality can be seen as the interplay between our inner conscious and the universal energies that surround us. Our thoughts, emotions, and actions are not solely products of our individual experiences but are also reflections of a deeper, spiritual connection to the world around us. I believe this connection suggests that our subconscious is not just a personal repository of memories and instincts but a part of a larger, Spiritual tapestry, where each thread is intertwined with the cosmic forces that guide the Universe. The Spirit of Love I remember when I was little boy my father sitting with me after dinner on a quiet evening. His voice was particularly gentle, almost a whisper, as if carrying secrets meant only for my ears. His words were slow and deliberate, filled with the kind of wisdom and warmth that could only come from a heart that had known both deep thought and profound faith. 'Let me tell you something important, something to carry with you. "Love others, just as I Love You. For in loving one another, we abide in God, and God abides in us. This is how the love of God is perfected in us, and we are made complete." This was a principle my father lived by, shaped by his experiences and his role as a deacon in the church. I have grown to live by this lesson. In looking out for each other, we find something bigger than ourselves. That's how we become the best we can be, complete in a way. It's about sticking together, being there for one another. That's the kind of thing that stays with you, guides you through thick and thin. From the very start of my spiritual journey, I held the belief that Love is not just an aspect of the Divine but is the very essence of it. This profound understanding has shaped my view of the world and my place within it. To me, Love is the foundational force, the Divine thread that weaves through the fabric of existence, connecting all things. It is in the heartbeat of every interaction, the underlying truth in every moment. This conviction that Love is Divine has influenced my actions and thoughts, allowing me to see the sacred presence of love in the ordinary and the extraordinary alike. I think it would be evident to a Spiritual Humanist that we all should cherish and respect one another, just as we all want to be cherished and respected. Through this mutual love and respect, we find a deeper connection with each other. This kind of love helps us grow and become more complete individuals, as it brings out the best in us and in those around us. I vision Love like the ocean: vast, expansive, and in constant motion with its tides, waves, and currents, unseen yet ceaselessly moving and working in ways beyond human understanding. This force knows no bounds and is available to all, calling every heart towards truth and compassion, guiding us through life's complexities with a gentle, unseen force that can uplift, heal, and inspire. It operates in myriad ways, touching lives and guiding souls across all creation, and is both within and around all beings, offering guidance, comfort, and wisdom. In the realm of spirituality, love transcends mere emotion or affection, serving as a transformative power that enlightens, heals, and elevates, guiding individuals towards a deeper understanding and connection with the Divine. Intimately connected to honesty, authenticity, understanding, acceptance, and a deeper sense of interconnectedness, love reflects our recognition of fundamental truths about ourselves, others, and the world, guiding us toward a more meaningful and compassionate existence. Like the ocean, vast and unpredictable yet soothing, love's boundless capacity comforts and reassures, connecting not just to a few, but to all who seek truth, yearn for love, and open their hearts to the divine mystery. I believe that Love challenges us to rise above our limitations and biases, urging us to embrace a more compassionate and empathetic view of life. Our interactions become more meaningful, and our lives become a reflection of the Love that we embrace. In this way, Love becomes a beacon, illuminating our path towards spiritual enlightenment and a deeper connection with all that is sacred and holy. Through this journey, we not only transform ourselves but also contribute to the healing and betterment of the world, spreading the light of Divine love in every step we take. To grasp the true Nature of Love is to touch the Divine reality. When we embody love in our actions, we are not just expressing a simple human emotion; we are resonating with the very essence of all Creation. This profound bond between Love and the Divine means that each act of genuine compassion and kindness is a reflection of something much greater than ourselves. By loving others, we align our spirits with the universe's fundamental principles, fostering a deep and meaningful spiritual connection. This isn't just about faith or belief; it's about experiencing the divine in our everyday interactions. Love, therefore, becomes more than an emotion—it becomes a transformative force, guiding us to a higher plane of existence where we truly understand the meaning of being connected with all. The Spirit of Love acts as both a beacon and a compass, guiding my actions towards acts of kindness and compassion, thereby nurturing a communal environment where healing and empathy flourish. In my journey, skepticism too is embraced through the lens of this Spirit, allowing me to engage with the mysteries of life and the divine with humility and a heart full of love, ever seeking to understand rather than to judge. Through this central guiding force, every moment becomes an opportunity to live out the virtues of love, to heal, to connect, and to support one another, reinforcing the indelible bond that links us all as part of a greater, love-infused tapestry of existence. Love Shapes our Existence For me Love transcends its common perception as merely an emotion between individuals. I view Love as a Vital, Universal Force of the human experience that allows us that understand our very fabric of existence within all Creation. Through Love I have learned to values the interconnected and interdependent nature of all things. Love has given me the ability to recognize that our actions have far-reaching effects beyond our immediate perception. Love is not confined to the narrow corridors of personal affection but sprawls across the expanse of existence, touching every aspect of our lives and the universe at large. This profound understanding of love reshapes our interactions with the world, urging us to recognize the relationships that bind us together. The concept of Love as an animating energy is a common thread across various spiritual and cultural traditions, each interpreting it in unique ways. I believe Love to be the Vital Force that transcends the physical, representing the everlasting part of our Being. For a Humanist, this Vital Force represents intellectual dimension that shapes our identity, conscience, and life experiences, guiding our understanding and moral judgments. For the Spiritual, Vital Force is a facet of the soul, inherently oriented towards the Divine, capable of profound communion with the Creator and is perpetually responsive to the Spirit of Love. This Divine Presence permeates all existence, guiding us toward spiritual fulfillment and enlightenment. In Christian theology, the Spirit of Love would be the Holy Spirit, considered the Breath of God, infusing life and sustaining creation. The Holy Spirit, more than a mere abstract concept, is experienced as a Divine Sentient Power that animates our essence and connects us to moral and spiritual realities. The Holy Spirit is often likened to the wind, moving with unique autonomy and internal purpose. Unlike the wind, which is subject to the laws of physics and the whims of nature, the Spirit is believed to be guided by its own inherent nature and Divine Will. It is not merely a passive force influenced by external factors, but an active and conscious entity that navigates its own path. When I reflect on the divine essence of the Holy Spirit, I am reminded that my true strength and wisdom do not stem from the advancements of technology, but from my connection to Love. In a world that is increasingly driven by artificial intelligence and technological progress, it is my hope that we remain rooted in the timeless truths of our faith. Let us seek guidance from the Holy Spirit, whose wisdom surpasses all human understanding, and whose love sustains us in times of trial and uncertainty. I believe Love to be a Vital Force that moves through the very fabric of our being, infusing our existence with a profound vitality and essence. This Spirit of Love is not confined to abstract realms but dwells within us, transforming our bodies into sacred spaces where life's pivotal decisions are made. Neurons play a pivotal role, acting as the conduits through which the Spirit of Love influences our physical realm. These microscopic yet mighty cells communicate using neurotransmitters, enabling not just the mundane functions of daily life but also the profound experiences of love, joy, and connection. When we consider neurons in this context, they become more than just components of our nervous system; they are the bridges between our spiritual essence and our corporeal experiences. Through their complex networks and interactions, neurons translate the intangible force of Love into the emotions and decisions that define our human experience. Neurons are not just cells; they are the sacred pathways through which the soul's intentions manifest, guided by the profound force of love that permeates every aspect of our being. This unseen Spirit helps our Soul orchestrate the symphony of our existence, influencing every sentiment, every insight, every spark of joy or shadow of sorrow, crafting a living testament to the unseen yet palpable presence of the Vital Force of Love within us. Through this understanding, we glimpse the intricate interplay between the spiritual and the physical, realizing that our very essence is shaped by a profound connection to something far greater, a force that guides, nurtures, and transforms us from within. In Jewish tradition, the Holy Spirit is paralleled by 'Ruah,' seen as the Vital Force that animates our conscious soul or 'Neshama.' This force transcends biological processes, representing the Divine Spirit that animates the 'Neshama.' It enriches our understanding of life, going beyond physical existence to a more profound spiritual realm. In this context, the Holy Spirit or 'Ruah' or Breath of our Creator elevates us, connecting to our elevated spectral form, 'Neshamah Yeterah.' From my discussions with my Naturalist friends, the concept of Love as a Vital Force can be appreciated as a Fundamental Principle that underpins the interconnectedness and interdependence of all life and existence. They See the Force of Love as an intrinsic aspect of human nature and the natural world, driving the evolution of societies, the formation of relationships, and the development of ethical frameworks. It's seen as an emergent property of complex biological and ecological systems, guiding human behavior, fostering cooperation, and ensuring the survival and flourishing of species. Through this lens, Love is recognized as a powerful, Unifying Force in the Universe, integral to the fabric of existence, shaping our emotions, relationships, and actions, and driving us toward a deeper understanding of our place within the vast web of life. Just like energy is never lost and just changes into different forms, the Vital Force of Love works the same way. When we share Love or feel Loved, it leads to good actions like being kind, understanding, and caring. This love doesn't disappear; it keeps moving from one person to another, and from one generation to the next. Even though the way we show or feel love might change, its main purpose of making people feel good and connected always stays the same. These understandings of Vital Force, spanning different cultures and traditions, highlight a shared recognition of a life-giving energy that goes beyond the physical, embodying both physical and spiritual realities. This concept is mirrored in similar notions like 'prana' in Hinduism, 'qi' in Chinese culture, and 'mana' in Polynesian traditions, each interpreting the life force in their own cultural and spiritual contexts. From a secular humanist viewpoint, Vital Force is the energy that animates the cosmos. In the grand scheme, it manifests most profoundly in the energy from our Sun playing a crucial role in Earth's life support, chiefly through the process of photosynthesis. This process, where plants convert solar radiation into usable chemical energy, laying the groundwork for our planet's ecological systems. Energy harnessed from the sun is then circulated across diverse ecosystems, supporting the survival and thriving of various life forms, including human beings. Thus, in a secular humanist context, solar energy is not just vital for life’s sustenance but also serves as a symbol of the unity and mutual dependency of all life forms within Earth’s ecological networks. Love Creates and Nurtures Our Soul I hold a deep conviction that my soul is a creation born out of Love. This Love, in its most unadulterated and profound manifestation, is the very cornerstone of my soul's existence and its ongoing evolution. Every expression of love, each instance of heartfelt compassion, and every moment of profound interpersonal connection plays a pivotal role in sculpting and enriching my soul. The presence of love in my life serves as nourishment for my soul, fostering feelings of happiness, worth, and connection within me. This nurturing process doesn't just enhance my immediate sense of well-being; it fundamentally constructs and fortifies the essence of my inner being—my soul—making it rich, profound, and vibrantly alive. I deeply resonate with the idea that my soul outlasts my physical body, enduring beyond our earthly existence. My soul, influenced by my thoughts, emotions, interactions, and all experiences, matures and progresses, transcending the physical limitations set by my conscious brain. It is a real reflection of the Love and experiences that imbue my existence, evolving with every act of kindness, every joy, and every challenge I face, transcending the physical to engage with the eternal. This journey of the soul is not solitary but is connected to a larger narrative. Every kind act, joyous moment, and challenge is a chapter in the vast story of my soul, overseen and guided by a presence of Love, assuring me that my soul's journey is deeply valued and cherished, an essential part of the greater fabric of existence, guided and nurtured by Love at every step of my spiritual journey. For those who seek insight grounded in scientific inquiry, the concept of the soul emerges as a fascinating exploration deeply intertwined with our understanding of human psychology and well-being. Scientific studies have illuminated the significance of experiences rooted in love and connection, such as secure attachment in infancy and positive social relationships throughout life, in fostering psychological health and resilience. These findings underscore the profound impact of interpersonal bonds on shaping our innermost selves. Beyond the confines of material existence, the soul represents the culmination of these experiences, embodying the essence of our consciousness and interconnectedness with others. As we navigate the complexities of existence, we are invited to contemplate the intricate interplay between scientific understanding and the spiritual dimensions of our being, recognizing the multifaceted nature of the human soul. I believe this perspective enriches our understanding of the soul, not as a mere byproduct of physical processes, but as a profound expression of our humanity, reflecting our deepest aspirations and values. In this light, the soul becomes a bridge between the tangible world and the realm of the intangible, embodying our capacity for creativity, empathy, and moral reasoning. It is through this understanding that we come to appreciate the soul's role in guiding our journey towards personal growth, wisdom, and a deeper connection with the world around us. In Zoroastrianism, the soul holds significant importance and is viewed as inherently pure and divine. Zoroastrian theology teaches that humans possess a dualistic nature, consisting of both material and spiritual elements. The soul, known as the "Urvan" or "Fravashi," is believed to be eternal and immutable, existing before birth and continuing after death. The body is seen as the earthly manifestation of the soul's journey, providing a means for the soul to experience and navigate the material world. Through the body, the soul engages in actions, thoughts, and emotions, shaping its spiritual evolution and moral development. Zoroastrianism emphasizes the concept of "vohu mano," often translated as "good thinking" or "right-mindedness." This principle underscores the importance of cultivating a positive mindset and ethical reasoning, which implies a level of conscious awareness and cognitive engagement. The idea of "vohu mano" suggests that consciousness, in terms of cognitive processes and moral discernment, is essential for spiritual development and alignment with divine will. In Islam, the soul, known as 'nafs' in Arabic, is a profound and enigmatic entity intimately linked to the spiritual realm. Distinct from the physical body, it is temporarily united with it during earthly existence. The soul's unity and singularity are emphasized in Islam, eschewing any division into various forms or levels. Muslims acknowledge a spiritual realm surpassing physical reality, and engaging with this realm is integral to spiritual development. During sleep, the soul is believed to partially detach from the body, accessing experiences beyond the physical. This detachment is not physical but represents a spiritual or metaphysical state wherein the soul transcends time and space constraints. In this liberated state, the soul may receive divine guidance, insights, or comfort, particularly through true dreams (Ru'ya) - regarded as good and truthful visions from Allah. Islamic teachings further assert the soul's transcendence beyond physical existence. While the body is ephemeral, the soul endures, resonating with Islamic beliefs in an eternal afterlife and judgment. The concept of a Vital Force in the human body can be approached through the lens of biological and neurological science. Modern research in genetics and neuroscience suggests that various genes, particularly those influencing brain neurotransmitters like dopamine, play a significant role in shaping behavior, motivation, and drive. These neurotransmitters are pivotal in driving reward-motivated behavior. Additionally, the concept of a Vital Force has historically been linked to the overall functioning of the body, with a focus on systems like the endocrine system, where glands such as the pineal and pituitary are thought to play a crucial role in governing overall balance and well-being of the body, influencing both physical and psychological aspects of health. My thoughts of Love weaves a splendid tapestry of our existence, where the Celestial is mirrored in the mundane, and the invisible force is made tangible through every heartbeat and neural whisper. It is a call to perceive beyond the visible, to recognize that in every moment, Love translates the spiritual into the physical, guiding us toward a deeper union with the infinite tapestry of creation, inviting us to partake in the dance of existence where every pulse and thought is a testament to Love's omnipotent presence. From my perspective, the Life Giving Spirit of Love transcends mere conceptual understanding; it embodies a Living Force that imbues every interaction with richness and meaning. Love permeates the essence of our being, guiding our actions and shaping our journey towards a world characterized by compassion and empathy. It is the driving force behind our most profound connections, fostering understanding, kindness, and solidarity among individuals. Love empowers us to uplift one another, to embrace diversity, and to nurture the inherent dignity and worth of every individual. In its essence, love serves as a beacon of hope, illuminating the path towards a more harmonious and inclusive society. Love Builds Trust In the vast landscape of human connections, Love stands as the foundational force, anchoring the structure of Trust that rises from it. This interplay between Love and Trust forms a reciprocal bond, where each element enhances and bolsters the other, forging a resilient link crucial in every type of relationship. Love, in its presence, cultivates a nurturing space for Trust to thrive, and reciprocally, Trust deepens and enriches Love, setting in motion a virtuous cycle that fortifies interpersonal ties. Trust is the assurance we place in others, a belief in their integrity, capabilities, and reliability. It's an unseen yet potent bond that connects people, allowing them to venture through the intricacies of relationships with assurance and belief in one another. Love, in its essence, feeds this trust, providing a solid ground of comprehension, acceptance, and mutual esteem where relationships can flourish. In romantic partnerships, Love and Trust perform a nuanced ballet of interdependency. Love prompts partners to bare their souls, sharing their deepest vulnerabilities and dreams. Trust, responding in kind, ensures these sacred disclosures are met with empathy, bolstering, and privacy, cementing the duo's connection. It's this shared trust that enables love to intensify, fostering a robust bond capable of withstanding life's trials. Within family dynamics, Love lays the cornerstone for trust's emergence. Through consistent acts of love—support, understanding, shared moments—trust is nurtured among parents, children, siblings, forming a safety net that endures over a lifetime. In friendships, Love appears as care, loyalty, and companionship, fertile soil for trust to root. Such friends exhibit their affection in deeds and words, constructing a mutual trust that lies at the heart of their bond. This trust empowers friends to confide, celebrate, and lean on each other, reinforcing their connection. On a societal scale, Love and Trust are pivotal in crafting unified communities. Love, expressed through empathy and collaboration, seeds unity and support. Trust emerges when people feel valued and safeguarded within their community, essential for collective harmony and progress. Professionally, Love and Trust are key to fostering positive, efficient workplaces. While professional love might differ in intensity from personal relationships, it manifests in respect and concern for colleagues' welfare. Trust grows with confidence in each other's skills and dedication to common objectives, enhancing teamwork and success. At a transcendent level, the Spirit of Love's actions extend beyond our immediate surroundings, contributing to a cosmic balance. This benevolent force harmonizes and aligns diverse energies, like a gravitational pull uniting the universe's components, easing conflicts and disorder. My father's advice, echoing Jesus' command to love one another, reflects this universal principle, underscoring love's role in transcending our natural tendencies toward selfishness or fear. Through practicing love, I've discovered it to be a dynamic, outward force that not only guides me internally but also signifies my growing adherence to embraced principles. This active expression of love has illuminated my faith, influencing my personal growth and interactions, and allowing me to positively shape my community, nurturing an environment filled with empathy, solidarity, and respect. As I delve deeper into embodying love, I engage actively in transformative change, using my evolving beliefs to inspire and connect with others, fostering a wider culture of understanding and unity. Embracing Love and Trust, we're guided towards more enriching, meaningful, and interconnected lives, highlighting our collective journey's innate unity. This journey, rooted in the mutual exchange of love and trust, fosters a shared experience that transcends individual perspectives, creating a tapestry of human connection that is both intricate and beautiful. As we navigate this path, our individual stories weave together, forming a larger narrative that speaks to the shared human experience. In this narrative, the acts of giving and receiving love and trust are not just personal milestones but are the very threads that bind us together, crafting a community where every member feels seen, valued, and connected. Through this communal bond, we not only find strength and support but also discover the profound joy that comes from being part of something greater than ourselves, a testament to the unifying power of love and trust in our collective journey. Your actions, imbued with goodness, Through love, I have discovered and cultivated goodness within myself and my interactions with the world. Goodness, in this context, embodies virtues such as kindness, integrity, compassion, and altruism, which manifest in actions and attitudes that contribute positively to the well-being of others and the betterment of society. It involves ethical behavior, a commitment to do what is right, and a heartfelt concern for the happiness and dignity of all beings, reflecting an inner moral compass that guides us towards acts of benevolence and understanding. The goodness reflected in my actions is a true testament to my character and values, demonstrating care for others and fairness in treatment. Living with honesty and integrity garners attention and respect, transcending cultural or belief boundaries. This authenticity touches people deeply and fosters trust. When others witness my unwavering dedication to goodness, they regard me as dependable and ethical—essential qualities for building strong, trusting relationships. By consistently choosing what is just and true, regardless of external pressures or influences, individuals uphold the principles of goodness and earn the respect and trust of those around them. Recognizing Hate's Role in Our Undoing Conversely, there is a Negative Force of Hate that works to corrode human connection and sows seeds of discord, deception, which often manifests as a counterfeit concern, masquerading in the illusion of care devoid of genuine empathy or love. This insidious pretense is a cunning tactic designed to lure individuals away from Truth and into a web of falsehoods. By feigning support and understanding, it seeks to gain trust, only to manipulate these interactions to fuel division and strife. Just as hate blinds us to the humanity of others, deception obscures our perception of truth, fostering bigotry, discrimination, and dehumanization. In its wake, deception leaves a trail of confusion and disillusionment, eroding the bonds that unite us and hindering collective progress towards a more compassionate and empathetic world. This negative force, in its relentless pursuit to unravel the fabric of human solidarity, not only sows discord and deception but also seeks to distort our understanding of love, portraying it as a vulnerability or a misguided sentiment. By infiltrating the collective consciousness with this nefarious narrative, it endeavors to convince individuals that expressions of love and empathy are signs of weakness, that to care deeply for others is a folly, and that compassion is an error in judgment. This manipulation is a strategic move to harden hearts and close minds, pushing the notion that self-interest and indifference are the hallmarks of strength and wisdom. In this misguided perspective, acts of kindness and generosity are viewed with suspicion, and the noble pursuit of justice and equality is derided as naivety. The result is a chilling effect on the natural human inclination towards altruism, effectively dampening the spirit of community and mutual support. By casting love in a dubious light, this force aims to sever the deepest and most enduring ties that bind humanity together, those of genuine concern and selfless devotion to the welfare of others. The danger of this strategy lies not only in the immediate harm it causes but in its potential to reshape societal norms and values, leading to a world where cynicism reigns and the true power of love is forgotten. Therefore, it is imperative that we confront and dismantle these dark manifestations of hate. And replace them with the transformative power of love to heal wounds, bridge divides, and build a more compassionate and empathetic world for generations to come. Reflecting on my journey, I've realized that understanding the difference between good and evil transcends the simple accumulation of knowledge or the pursuit of personal achievements; it's intricately linked to how we express love and form connections with those around us. The modern world, with its relentless distractions and desires, tests our ability to maintain a love that is pure, selfless, and aligned with a higher calling. This realization has highlighted for me the vital importance of cherishing love that nurtures and supports, over succumbing to fleeting desires and passions that only lead to discord and division. My personal experiences have starkly illustrated the profound contrast between love and hate, especially within the tapestry of relationships. When love has been the guiding principle of my actions, I've seen bonds strengthen and spirits unite, creating a sense of community and shared purpose. Yet, in moments where negativity or hate influenced interactions, the impact was immediate and damaging, not only to my own sense of peace but also to the relationships I valued. Hate introduced conflict, bred misunderstanding, and fostered isolation, eroding the trust and intimacy that are the bedrock of any meaningful connection. Through these challenges, I've come to understand the power of intentionally choosing love to repair and deepen the bonds that hate seeks to destroy, guiding me towards a more connected and compassionate way of living. The Power of Intention The intention behind communication is a powerful force, acting as the driving energy that generates purpose and direction. When a speaker or writer conveys a message with clear intention, whether it's to heal, inspire, comfort, or motivate, that purpose is palpable to the audience. This intentionality can transform a simple message into a resonant communication that deeply touches its recipients, fostering a connection that transcends the superficial layers of language. At its core, intention represents a focused mindset, a determined commitment to bring about a desired outcome or state of being. Unlike passive wishing, intention requires an active engagement with our thoughts, emotions, and actions. It demands clarity of purpose, a vision that directs our energies towards specific goals or ways of being. When we set an intention, we align our conscious and subconscious minds, mobilizing our resources to transform thought into reality. Intentional actions or efforts in relationships serve as deliberate steps to strengthen the bond and propel the connection forward. From spending quality time together to demonstrating kindness and fostering open, honest communication, these endeavors are pivotal for accelerating the relationship's growth and imbuing it with deeper significance. Similarly, a natural attraction and magnetic pull draw partners towards each other, creating a sense of connection and enjoyment in each other's company. Effective communication, mutual understanding, and emotional connection are essential for nurturing the relationship's vitality and progression. Sharing thoughts, feelings, and experiences generates positive energy, reinforcing the bond and keeping the relationship vibrant. Ultimately, love serves as a powerful force binding partners together, fostering trust, intimacy, and commitment, and establishing a resilient foundation of mutual respect, support, and affection that sustains the relationship through challenges and joys alike. In the mirror of self-reflection, one finds the clarity of true intentions. This was a lesson my father instilled in me from a young age, a wisdom that has guided my journey through life's intricate maze. He had a remarkable ability, almost a sixth sense, to discern the essence of a person's soul through their words and actions. "Observe not just what people say but what they do," he would advise, "for the harmony between word and deed is the truest reflection of one's character." I've walked the line, sung my songs of sorrow and redemption, but my father was a man that lived it, day in, day out. He didn’t just wear that collar as a symbol; he was the embodiment of the faith and forgiveness it represented. In a place where hope was a rare commodity, my father, Deacon Carl was rich, and he spent it freely on every soul willing to listen, willing to change. Authenticity, as taught by my father, transcends mere honesty or transparency; it is about aligning our actions with our deepest values and truths. It is about being true to oneself in a world that often pressures us to conform to external expectations. This authenticity is what breathes life into our connections with others, transforming superficial exchanges into profound engagements. It invites a level of depth and sincerity into our relationships that can only be achieved when we present our true selves to the world. When our actions are driven by genuine desires to contribute positively to the lives of others and to our community, we operate from a place of transparency and sincerity. This authenticity is palpable; it resonates with others on a deep level, facilitating connections that are rooted in trust. In a world where skepticism often clouds our judgment of others’ motives, honest intentions cut through the noise, providing a clear signal of goodwill and integrity. Transitioning love from a mere concept to an active force necessitates embodying it through tangible actions, specifically emphasizing commitment, communication, and support. When we talk about commitment, it's about steadfast dedication to the well-being of others and the integrity of our relationships. This dedication is manifested in our persistent efforts to nurture and prioritize these relationships, be they personal, communal, or global. Commitment in the context of Love is not just about being there in times of joy and ease but, more importantly, standing by each other during challenges and adversities. It's a promise to remain engaged and to contribute positively, ensuring the growth and resilience of our bonds. In essence, commitment under the influence of love transforms it from a static ideal into a dynamic force that actively shapes our interactions and decisions, creating a foundation of trust and consistency that is vital for any relationship to thrive and for communities to come together in solidarity and mutual respect. In any interaction, body language and charisma of speaker reveals undercurrent intentions shapes the message received by others. When intentions are honest, communication becomes not just a transfer of information, but a bridge that connects individuals, allowing for the exchange of ideas, feelings, and support in a manner that is respectful and considerate. This level of communication is essential in navigating misunderstandings and conflicts, ensuring that even in disagreement, mutual respect remains intact. Intentional actions within a relationship can either strengthen the bond between partners or, conversely, serve to sever it, impeding the relationship's growth. Instances of dishonesty, betrayal, or neglect can significantly erode trust and intimacy, leading to emotional distance and a palpable sense of disconnection. This deterioration is further exacerbated by hurtful words or actions, including criticism, contempt, or manipulation, which not only cause emotional harm but also fracture the bond that unites partners. Moreover, avoiding conflict or refusing to confront issues head-on can lead to unresolved tensions and simmering resentment, undermining the relationship's very foundation. Destructive Intentions Invite Harm At the heart of healthy relationships lies a bedrock foundation of honesty, empathy, and open communication. When actions are driven by destructive intentions, this foundation is undermined, leading to the erosion of trust and intimacy. In personal connections, manipulative behaviors and dishonesty not only harm the targeted individual but can also precipitate a ripple effect, damaging the trust and security foundational to the relationship's resilience and longevity. Intentions laced with negativity, such as deceit, manipulation, or the deliberate spread of misinformation inevitably leads to detrimental outcomes. I will illustrate the mechanisms through which destructive intentions corrode trust, inflict psychological damage, and disrupt the fabric of communal harmony. A Destructive Intention, characterized by a deliberate decision to act in ways that diverge sharply from constructive or benevolent purposes, represents a profound challenge in the realm of human interactions. These intentions, crafted with conscious thought, mirror an individual's goals or desires but are marked by a potentially skewed set of moral commitments. Such intentions not only involve meticulous forethought and consideration of the outcomes but are distinctly aimed at inflicting harm or causing detriment, whether to others or oneself. The essence of a destructive intention—whether it manifests as spreading falsehoods to damage a reputation or other acts designed to disrupt and undermine—underscores the complex, dual nature of human reasoning and moral decision-making, where the intent can significantly influence the impact on the broader community. Destructive intentions can stem from distorted impulse responses, where immediate, unfiltered reactions to stimuli are skewed by underlying biases, emotional turmoil, or misconceptions. These impulsive reactions, when not critically examined or tempered by reflection, can evolve into deliberate plans or actions with harmful outcomes. This progression from a distorted impulse to a destructive intention highlights the complex interplay between our innate, spontaneous reactions to the world around us and the conscious decisions we make based on those reactions. Recognizing and addressing the root causes of these distorted impulses is crucial for preventing the formation of intentions that can lead to negative consequences for individuals and communities alike. Misinterpreting impulses can occur without any implication of severe mental illness. It involves a misunderstanding or misinterpretation of one's spontaneous desires or urges, which can lead to actions that are not aligned with one's true intentions or goals. This can happen for a variety of reasons, including emotional distress, stress, or lack of self-awareness, but it does not necessarily indicate a disconnection from reality or an inability to function in society. This complexity is further magnified when individuals are confronted with a distorted perspective, a scenario that exemplifies the treacherous waters of human cognition and social interaction. In such situations, the line between truth and manipulation blurs, creating a fertile ground for misjudgment and the proliferation of misinformation. Here, the skewed perceptions, driven or influenced by destructive intentions, can lead to unfair, biased conclusions that have the potential to fracture relationships and inflict harm across the social fabric. As these distorted perspectives are adopted and spread, the acceleration of misinformation not only deepens community-wide misunderstandings but also highlights the urgent need for discernment and critical evaluation of the intentions and motivations behind the information we receive and share. The interplay between destructive intentions and distorted perspectives thus becomes a pivotal point of concern, demanding vigilance to safeguard the integrity of our communities and the authenticity of our collective understanding. The ripple effects of these misconceptions, fueled by misguided intentions, can significantly exacerbate divisions, emphasizing our differences rather than the common ground that might otherwise unite us. Moreover, the consequences of a distorted perspective often manifest in either inaction when decisive action is needed or precipitate misguided actions based on a flawed interpretation of reality. On a more personal note, the emotional toll of engaging with such distorted narratives cannot be overstated. The unnecessary anxiety, fear, or hostility that may ensue highlights the critical need for us to approach information with a spirit of critical thinking and open-mindedness. It is through seeking out accurate and diverse sources, and questioning the intentions behind the information presented, that we can hope to form a more complete and truthful understanding of the world around us, thus safeguarding our relationships, our communities, and our own mental well-being. Immediate reactions can be deeply influenced by biases we have Immediate reactions, often driven by impulses, can be significantly influenced by our unconscious biases. An impulse is a sudden, spontaneous urge to act, usually without premeditation or thorough consideration of the consequences. These impulses are typically fueled by emotional states or instinctual reactions to immediate stimuli, leading to automatic responses that can circumvent rational thought processes and result in actions executed without deliberate planning or reflection. Consider a scenario where you're walking down a street at night and encounter a stranger approaching you. If you harbor an unconscious bias that associates certain appearances with threat or danger, your immediate, impulsive reaction might be one of fear or suspicion. This bias-influenced impulse could compel you to cross the street to avoid the person, even though this decision is based solely on a prejudiced perception, not an actual threat. In this case, your bias directly affects your impulse, causing you to perceive a potential danger where there might be none, and influencing your behavior without a rational foundation. This example serves to illustrate how biases can distort our immediate reactions, steering our actions in ways that might not align with the true intentions or character of others. It underscores the importance of challenging our biases to ensure our responses are more just and empathetic. When biases color our impulses, they can inadvertently perpetuate stereotypes and reinforce discriminatory practices. The person in the nighttime scenario, for instance, might not consciously endorse discrimination based on appearance, yet their biased impulse leads to behavior that reflects such discrimination. This underscores a crucial distinction between conscious beliefs and unconscious impulses, demonstrating that even individuals who view themselves as fair and unbiased may act contrary to those values when influenced by unexamined biases. Understanding and addressing these biased impulses is essential, not only for personal integrity and growth but also for fostering a more inclusive and equitable society. Emotions Behind Our Snap Decisions Emotional Turmoil, marked by feelings of distress, confusion, or overwhelming emotion, often acts as a powerful catalyst for Impulsive behavior. This state can disrupt the mind's equilibrium, clouding judgment and leading us to bypass the usual rational filters. In such moments of upheaval, our reactions become spontaneous responses to the immediate emotional landscape, not the thoughtful decisions we might normally make. For instance, facing anxiety or anger, one might hastily react to perceived threats, their actions reflecting internal turmoil rather than a balanced assessment of the situation. Imagine a scenario where you and your partner are already navigating a sea of stress, perhaps due to external pressures or personal challenges. Amid this emotional turmoil, your partner borrows an item of sentimental value to you, only to accidentally lose it. Initially, in a moment of panic and driven by the impulse to avoid immediate conflict, your partner claims to know exactly where the item is, misleading you while secretly hoping to find a replacement and rectify the mistake unnoticed. However, as time passes and you inquire again, your partner, now entangled in the web of their initial reaction, chooses to lie intentionally. This decision isn't made lightly but stems from a complex mix of fear, guilt, and the overwhelming desire to protect your feelings and the relationship from further stress. This intentional lie, while aimed at preventing immediate hurt, underscores the intricate ways emotional turmoil can influence not just our impulsive reactions but also our deliberate choices. This example sheds light on the profound impact emotional turmoil can have on our behavior, steering us towards actions that strain trust and communication in our relationships. It highlights the importance of recognizing the role our emotional state plays in shaping our responses and the value of fostering an environment where honesty and vulnerability are embraced, even in the face of mistakes. By understanding and addressing the root causes of our impulses and intentional choices, we can navigate these challenges with greater empathy and integrity, ultimately strengthening our bonds with our partners. In the realm of human behavior, particularly under the influence of acute stress or emotional distress, individuals may find themselves compelled to make choices that deviate from their normative ethical framework, such as withholding the truth. This phenomenon isn't inherently rooted in a desire to deceive or inflict harm upon others. Rather, it's often a manifestation of an individual's apprehension about exacerbating an already tense situation. They may believe that concealing the truth temporarily is a viable strategy to mitigate potential distress. From a clinical perspective, this underscores the nuanced challenge of adhering to an ideal of absolute honesty within the complex tapestry of human interactions. It highlights the necessity of fostering a realistic approach to honesty, one that acknowledges the psychological barriers to unfailing truthfulness while still championing the pursuit of integrity as a fundamental value. It is important to try our best to be honest, but also to understand that sometimes being 100% truthful all the time is really difficult. We should talk about our feelings, even the ones we usually keep to ourselves, because it can stop us from making hasty choices we might regret. Being honest, especially about the big stuff, and working through problems together is key. Such discussions can pave the way for a more authentic expression of our vulnerabilities and challenges. Therefore, the emphasis should be placed on cultivating an environment where honesty, particularly in matters of significant consequence, is pursued from a foundation of positive intentions. This approach not only facilitates the navigation of moral dilemmas but also strengthens relational bonds through enhanced transparency and trust. Ultimately, confronting and working through issues collaboratively, rather than resorting to concealment, enables individuals to address challenges more constructively and fortify mutual trust within relationships. The Impact of Misguided Impulses Remember the a scene where your partner borrows an item of sentimental value to you, only to accidentally lose it. In a moment of panic and driven by the impulse to avoid immediate conflict, your partner claims to know exactly where the item is, misleading you while secretly hoping to find a replacement and rectify the mistake unnoticed. However, as time passes and you inquire again, your partner chooses to lie intentionally. This decision isn't made lightly but stems from a complex mix of fear, guilt, and the overwhelming desire to protect your feelings and the relationship from further stress. This intentional lie, while aimed at preventing immediate hurt, underscores the intricate ways emotional turmoil can influence not just our Impulsive Reactions, but also our deliberate choices. In this example, your partner's response is shaped by misconceptions about the consequences of honesty and the fragility of their relationship. The individual mistakenly believes that concealing the truth, even temporarily, is preferable to facing the potential upset being honesty might cause. This belief leads him to impulsively choose deception over transparency, reflecting a misconception that peace maintained through lies is more valuable than the discomfort of truth. However, this impulsive decision to lie, born from a mixture of fear, stress, and misconceptions about the best way to handle mistakes, sets the stage for more significant issues. When the truth inevitably surfaces, as it often does, the breach of trust could have a more profound impact on the relationship than the initial loss of the item. This scenario underscores the pitfalls of acting on impulsive misconceptions, particularly how they can complicate situations and harm relationships that might have withstood the truth if it were presented openly and with vulnerability from the start. In the scenario of the partner lying to avoid conflict, the interplay between Astrocytes and Neurons is pivotal in shaping the behavioral response. Neurons, as the primary communicators in the brain, transmit signals that represent the fear, guilt, and desire to protect the relationship. These signals are analyzed in key brain areas: the amygdala, which handles emotional responses, and the prefrontal cortex, pivotal for making choices. When confronted with whether to lie, the partner's prefrontal cortex activates, balancing the short-term emotional benefits of dishonesty against future repercussions. Simultaneously, the amygdala responds to the emotional weight of the situation, influencing the urgency and direction of the decision through its neuronal connections. Lets Now Go Deeper I want you to understand the function of Neurons and Astrocytes. It was intimidating to me at First. Developing your comprehension requires imagination. I like to imagine my brain as a bustling Grocery Store, 'Luke's Place' filled with tiny workers called Astrocytes. They keep the place running smoothly. Luke's place welcome Neurons, are unique shoppers, each with a shopping list of items they need to stay happy and healthy. But sometimes, these items are hard to reach or tricky to find. That's where the Astrocytes come in, acting as helpful store employees. "May I Help You" When neurons, the brain's message-sending cells, need food that is kept out by a protective wall called the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), they send a signal for help. They communicate this by releasing special chemicals called neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters act like a call for assistance to nearby helper cells known as astrocytes. Astrocytes are not like neurons; they don't send electrical messages. Instead, they take care of neurons by doing things like providing them with nutrients, helping with waste removal, and forming protective coverings for nerve fibers. The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) serves as the brain's security system, selectively allowing essentials like water and nutrients to enter while keeping potentially harmful substances found in the blood out. When neurons need these vital nutrients, they dispatch neurotransmitters as a signal for help. Astrocytes, attuned to the needs of neurons, extend their long, tendril-like processes towards these cells and their synapses, acting as the brain's dedicated nutrient couriers. These processes are perfectly positioned to detect the neurotransmitters released by neurons. Upon receiving the signal, astrocytes retrieve the required nutrients from the blood and deftly transport them across the BBB, directly supplying the neurons. This intricate relay ensures that neurons are well-nourished, supporting their health and enabling them to continue their crucial role in transmitting messages throughout the brain. Astrocytes use their thread-like extensions, often called processes or end-feet, to make close contact with the blood vessels that run through the brain. These end-feet cover the surfaces of blood vessels and have proteins that act as gates or transporters to move glucose from the blood into the astrocyte. Glucose enters astrocytes through glucose transporters (GLUTs), specifically GLUT-1 and GLUT-3, which facilitate glucose's movement across the astrocyte's cell membrane by facilitated diffusion. Once inside, the Astrocyte takes up glucose and stores it in the form of glycogen. If there is excess glucose, astrocytes can convert it into glycogen, a storage form of glucose. This process, known as glycogenesis, is when your body takes extra sugar and turns it into a storage form called glycogen. When your brain needs more energy and there isn't enough sugar around, the Neuron signals the astrocyte break down the glycogen back into glucose (sugar) to give the brain energy.Then, through a process known as the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS), astrocytes convert glucose to lactate and transport it to neurons. This system ensures that the brain's cells have a steady supply of the fuel they need to function properly. Astrocytes extend their processes to envelop the synaptic cleft (the space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons). This close physical proximity allows astrocytes to monitor and respond to synaptic activity. These glial cells extend their processes to form structural and functional connections with neurons and the blood-brain barrier (BBB). When neurons require nutrients that are sequestered behind the BBB, they release specific signaling molecules, or neurotransmitters, which interact with receptors on astrocytes. This interaction prompts astrocytes to transport necessary nutrients from blood vessels to neurons, effectively bridging the gap imposed by the BBB. Furthermore, astrocytes' processes are intricately involved in the synaptic environment, where they detect and respond to neurotransmitter activity, modulating synaptic function and ensuring the proper balance of extracellular ions and neurotransmitters. This dual role of astrocytes, encompassing both nutrient support and synaptic modulation, underscores their indispensable contribution to the brain's overall functionality and the maintenance of neuronal health and communication. "Can you grab that item I need?" These astrocytes are always ready to help, ensuring the neurons get everything on their list. They even help carry the shopping basket and check out at the register, making sure the neurons can bring their groceries home. This teamwork between neurons and astrocytes is essential, as it helps our brain function properly, enabling us to think, play, and learn every day! Imagine the brain as a big, bustling grocery store, where tiny workers called neurons and astrocytes keep everything running smoothly. The neurons are like shoppers, each with a shopping list of items they need to stay happy and healthy. But sometimes, these items are hard to reach or tricky to find. That's where the astrocytes come in, acting as helpful store employees. When a neuron needs help grabbing something from a high shelf or finding the best fruits, it asks an astrocyte for assistance. These astrocytes are always ready to help, ensuring the neurons get everything on their list. They even help carry the shopping basket and check out at the register, making sure the neurons can bring their groceries home. This teamwork between neurons and astrocytes is essential, as it helps our brain function properly, enabling us to think, play, and learn every day! Astrocytes support and modulate this neuronal activity by regulating the extracellular environment, ensuring optimal neurotransmitter balance and ion concentrations for neuronal signaling. They respond to the heightened neuronal activity during stress by releasing gliotransmitters, which can further influence neuronal function and synaptic plasticity, potentially amplifying or modulating the emotional and cognitive processes underlying the decision to lie. This dynamic interaction between astrocytes and neurons ensures that the brain's response is coordinated and adaptive, albeit not always leading to the most constructive outcome, as seen in the decision to perpetuate a lie. Through this intricate cellular dance, the brain navigates complex social and emotional landscapes, illustrating the profound impact of neural and glial interplay on human behavior. Impulsive Actions often emerge from deeply held distorted beliefs that skew our perception of reality. These misconceptions, woven into the fabric of our psyche, shape not only how we view the world but also how we react to it on a moment-to-moment basis. Impulsive misconceptions are born at the confluence of emotional responses and cognitive biases. They are the offspring of our past experiences, societal influences, and the narratives we tell ourselves about who we are and how the world operates. For instance, a person who, through past experiences of rejection, has cultivated the misconception that they are inherently unlikable may impulsively withdraw from social interactions to protect themselves from perceived inevitable pain. Impulsive Actions can be intricately linked to the pursuit of instant gratification. This connection illuminates a deeper understanding of why we sometimes make decisions that seem against our long-term interests. Instant gratification, the immediate pleasure or relief sought from any given situation, can significantly influence impulsive behavior, serving as a powerful motivator for actions that provide a quick fix to underlying discomfort or desire. This dynamic interplay between impulsive misconceptions and the lure of instant gratification highlights a critical aspect of human behavior: our actions are often a complex blend of emotional responses, cognitive biases, and the primal urge for immediate satisfaction. Recognizing this relationship can offer valuable insights into understanding and modifying impulsive behaviors, especially in contexts where long-term consequences significantly outweigh the fleeting comfort or pleasure of the moment. By addressing the underlying misconceptions that fuel our impulses and reevaluating our tendencies towards instant gratification, we can begin to make choices that align more closely with our deeper values and long-term aspirations, fostering a more reflective, deliberate approach to decision-making. As opposed to instant gratification, would be the concept of enduring hardship or suffering as a means to achieve a greater or more meaningful outcome. This could be termed "voluntary hardship" or "intentional suffering." Unlike delayed gratification, which focuses on waiting for a better reward, voluntary hardship emphasizes the acceptance or pursuit of discomfort, pain, or challenge as a pathway to growth, learning, or achieving a deeply valued goal. This concept is rooted in the belief that enduring difficult experiences can lead to significant personal development, spiritual deepening, or the attainment of something of profound importance that goes beyond mere pleasure or the avoidance of discomfort. In the realm of personal development or spiritual deepening, reason informs the choice to embrace challenges, discomfort, or even pain. The understanding that these experiences can catalyze growth, resilience, and a deeper appreciation for life's values underpins the decision to undergo voluntary hardship. It's the reasoned belief that the journey through difficulty is as valuable, if not more so, than the destination itself. In personal development and spiritual growth, it's our reasoning that guides us to willingly face challenges, discomfort, or pain, recognizing these as catalysts for growth, resilience, and a deeper understanding of life's values. This choice to undergo voluntary hardship is based on the understanding that the experiences we gain through navigating difficulties can be even more valuable than the end goals we aim to achieve. It's a reasoned belief in the intrinsic worth of the journey itself, acknowledging that the lessons learned, the strength developed, and the insights gained in the face of adversity contribute significantly to our personal and spiritual evolution. This perspective values the process of overcoming challenges not just for the outcomes they lead to, but for the profound personal transformation that occurs along the way. In the context of personal development and spiritual growth, the interplay between impulses and intentions becomes particularly significant. Impulses, those immediate, often automatic responses to stimuli or emotions, can sometimes lead us astray from our deeper goals or intentions. However, when we apply reason to our impulses, we begin to navigate our path with greater wisdom and discernment. Our intentions serve as the guiding light, the deliberate choices we make about the direction we want our lives to take. They are the deep-seated desires that align with our values and our sense of purpose. When faced with challenges or the temptation of instant gratification, it's our intentions that remind us of the larger picture, of what we truly value and aspire to achieve. However, impulses are not inherently negative. They can also be the spontaneous expression of our true selves, the instinctive push towards what genuinely brings us joy or fulfillment. The key lies in cultivating an awareness of when our impulses align with our intentions and when they diverge. This awareness allows us to make choices that are not merely reactive but are informed by a deeper understanding of our long-term goals and the kind of person we aspire to be. RUDY For example, an athlete who endures rigorous training, pushing through pain and exhaustion, does so with the reasoned belief that such hardship is necessary for achieving peak performance and attaining their goals, suc h as winning a competition or breaking a personal record. Similarly, a student might willingly undergo the stress and challenges of intense study, valuing the long-term benefits of education and personal growth over leisure and immediate pleasures. Reason acts as the backbone for choosing voluntary hardship over instant gratification. It allows individuals to weigh the long-term benefits of their actions against the immediate discomfort they might face. This process of reasoning is not just a cold calculation but often involves a profound moral or philosophical reflection on what one values most in life and what kind of person one wants to become. Setting Your Intentions It is crucial to remain cognizant of the impact your actions have on others. Being honest, understanding, empathetic, and having open communication are key to growing a strong and healthy relationships. In my experience, actively dedicating oneself to building, repairing and fortifying connections, helps navigate through challenges, ensuring the resilience and longevity of their relationship. This effort makes sure your relationship can last and stay strong. In the digital age, where information spreads rapidly and without filters, the intentional dissemination of falsehoods and misinformation in the public sphere significantly cultivates an environment rife with confusion and mistrust. The ramifications of such actions are profound, magnifying their impact and threatening the very pillars of democratic institutions, public health, and social cohesion. This pervasive atmosphere of skepticism and uncertainty not only breeds immediate relational discord but also has the potential to undermine the foundational structures of society and impair our collective well-being. In response to these challenges, there emerges a critical need for the cultivation of discernment and mindfulness in our intentions. Advocating for a conscious alignment of our actions with the enduring principles of kindness, integrity, and mutual respect, this approach underscores the power of constructive and positive intentions. By intentionally choosing paths that nurture and heal, individuals have the capacity to foster healthier relationships, contribute to the establishment of more cohesive communities, and effectively mitigate the widespread harm inflicted by destructive intentions. This deliberate practice of mindful intention-setting stands as a beacon of hope, guiding us towards a more harmonious and resilient society. I like to imagine Neuron shoppers on a quest for specific foods that make them happy and healthy. They seek out essential nutrients like glucose, which is like the bread and milk of the brain, providing the energy they need to function. They also look for fatty acids, akin to avocados or nuts on our grocery shelves, crucial for building strong cell membranes. Proteins and amino acids are on their list too, resembling a diverse selection of meats, beans, and tofu, serving as the building blocks for neurotransmitters and other vital cellular components. My diligent Astrocytes assist Neurons in obtaining these vital nutrients. Astrocytes have processes (extensions) that reach out to blood vessels and neurons. They can take up glucose and other nutrients from the blood and transport them to neurons. This is akin to an employee in a grocery store stocking shelves with essential items for shoppers to pick up. Astrocytes deliver omega-3 fatty acids, which are like the brain's superfood, improving neural function and reducing inflammation, akin to finding the freshest fish or flaxseeds. Astrocytes also help neurons pick out antioxidants, the brain's version of colorful fruits and vegetables, which protect them from damage and keep them functioning optimally. Making Good Choices Mindful discernment refers to the thoughtful and intentional process of making decisions and judgments with a deep level of awareness and consideration. It combines the principles of mindfulness, the practice of being fully present and engaged in the moment with an attitude of openness and non-judgment, with the critical thinking and evaluative process of discernment. This approach involves carefully examining one's thoughts, feelings, and the situations at hand to make choices that are aligned with one’s values, goals, and the greater good. It's important to remember that even if you have the best Intention and try your hardest to be understanding, honest, and communicate openly, sometimes your efforts might not be received as you hope, especially by those who are going through emotional difficulties. People facing emotional challenges might not always respond positively or accept the support they're offered, no matter how well-intentioned it is. This doesn't mean you've done something wrong; it's just a reminder that everyone is on their own journey, and sometimes, they need to find their own way to heal and connect. This principle of mindful engagement is particularly pertinent when considering red flagging communication driven by intentions to manipulate or control, which can inflict deep psychological harm, erode trust, and impair the dynamics of a relationship. Such manipulative communication, aiming to covertly sway others for personal gain, often neglects the well-being or autonomy of the recipient, leading to feelings of betrayal, diminished self-esteem, and a breakdown in effective communication. Furthermore, the deliberate dissemination of falsehoods, disinformation, or misinformation carries the potential for widespread detrimental effects. When communication is crafted to deceive or mislead, it can sow confusion, erode trust, and lead to poor decision-making. On a larger scale, these practices threaten to compromise democratic institutions, public health measures, and societal cohesion. The unintentional dissemination of falsehoods, disinformation, or misinformation can be just as harmful as its intentional counterpart, albeit with different implications for the communicator and society. This phenomenon often arises from a lack of proper verification, misunderstandings, or the rapid spread of information through digital channels without critical evaluation. The effects of such dissemination can be widespread and varied, impacting individuals, communities, and broader societal structures. In the complex landscape of human cognition and behavior, the intertwining of cognitive bias and intention plays a critical role in shaping our perceptions, decisions, and actions. Cognitive biases are systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment, wherein individuals create their own "subjective reality" from their perception of the input. When coupled with intention—the purposeful plan and determination to perform an action or achieve a goal—these biases can significantly influence the outcomes of our endeavors, for better or worse. In my journey, I've discovered that setting an intention with discernment is an incredibly powerful practice. It merges a clear sense of purpose with profound insight and judgment regarding what is genuinely important and beneficial, either for personal growth or for enhancing a relationship. Discernment is the process of carefully examining your desires, motivations, and the possible outcomes of your actions. This careful consideration ensures that your intentions are in perfect harmony with your highest values and most authentic self, or with the true essence of your relationship. Through this practice, I've learned the importance of aligning my actions with the core of who I am and what I truly value, making every step forward more meaningful and impactful. The Role of Discernment in a Spiritual Journey In the labyrinth of life, where myriad voices and ideologies clamor for recognition, the art of discernment emerges as a beacon of clarity. Discernment, the skill of distinguishing truth from falsehood, is not merely a cognitive exercise but a continuous journey akin to the refining of gold. This process is intrinsically linked to a nuanced form of skepticism, one that does not deny the unseen but approaches it with caution and practicality. This essay explores the synergistic relationship between discernment and skepticism, and how together, they guide us on a meaningful journey towards truth. At the heart of discernment lies the understanding that it is an ongoing process, a relentless quest for purity in thought and belief. Just as a goldsmith subjects gold to fire to remove its impurities, so must we subject our beliefs and understandings to the fire of scrutiny and reflection. This analogy captures the essence of discernment in our lives. It is not a one-time event but a lifelong journey, where each experience, each piece of information, and each interaction is an opportunity to refine our understanding of the world. This process is dynamic, adapting and evolving as we encounter new information and experiences, allowing us to continuously grow in wisdom and understanding. For those of us with Faith, Discernment and Skepticism help us navigate our spiritual paths with intention and depth. They encourage us to engage with our beliefs critically and thoughtfully, ensuring that our faith is not blind but informed and reflective. This critical engagement strengthens our convictions and deepens our spiritual understanding, fostering a more meaningful connection with the divine. For those who walk a secular path, these principles offer a framework for making sense of the world in a rational and evidence-based manner. Discernment allows for the careful evaluation of information, separating fact from fiction, while skepticism ensures that beliefs are grounded in logic and evidence rather than superstition or hearsay. This approach fosters a deep appreciation for the richness of human experience and the complexity of the natural world. Skepticism, in this context, is not a blanket denial of the unknown or unexplained, but rather a cautious approach that values empirical evidence and rationality. It acts as a safeguard, preventing us from veering into the realms of fantasy and superstition. This skepticism is aligned with discernment, as it encourages us not to accept things at face value but to probe deeper, seeking substantial evidence and logical coherence. By acknowledging the influence of the subconscious while maintaining a commitment to rational inquiry, skepticism becomes a powerful tool in traversing the intricate terrain of truth and knowledge. It allows us to rise above personal biases and preconceptions, approaching each new idea or claim with an open yet critical mind. Together, discernment and skepticism forge a powerful alliance between Faith and Reason, creating a shared platform where both believers and non-believers can come together for enriching dialogue and deeper mutual understanding. These principles underscore a fundamental truth: our collective search for truth, be it spiritual enlightenment or empirical knowledge, is underpinned by universal values. This search is characterized by an unyielding pursuit of knowledge, a relentless dedication to questioning, and an unwavering commitment to integrity. This common ground demonstrates that, despite our differing paths, we are united in our quest to comprehend the world around us and our place within it, guided by a shared commitment to explore, understand, and respect the myriad ways through which truth can be discovered and appreciated. By acknowledging the worth of both faith and skepticism, we invite a richer, more layered comprehension of the world. This equilibrium fosters an environment of empathy, respect, and open-mindedness, enabling a deeper appreciation for the mosaic of beliefs and perspectives that constitute the human experience. This balanced approach not only broadens our understanding but also strengthens our capacity for compassion and tolerance, enriching our interactions and dialogues across the spectrum of human thought and spirituality. We thrive by uniting and caring for all, not just ourselves In a world where the lines between genuine compassion and hidden agendas often blur, fostering a community built on trust and mutual respect is more important than ever. The essence of a thriving society lies in our ability to come together, to extend care and support beyond our individual needs, and to collectively work towards the greater good. This foundational belief, that unity and altruism are key to our shared prosperity, challenges us to navigate the complexities of human interactions with discernment and integrity. It sets the stage for a deep dive into understanding the dynamics of communal relationships, where the intentions behind actions and words become the focal point of our attention and efforts. Our challenge is figuring out when people are truly trying to bring us together for good reasons or if they're just looking out for themselves. People are complicated, and sometimes it's hard to tell if someone's actions or words are genuinely meant to help everyone or just to make themselves look good or get ahead. When we talk about "genuine calls for togetherness," we mean times when people really want to create a strong community and help each other out, not just for show but because they care. On the other hand, "hidden self-gain" is when someone pretends to care about the group but is really trying to benefit themselves in some way, like getting more attention or taking advantage of others' efforts. While the pursuit of truth and a connected human experience are noble ideals, they can also be used as a smokescreen for deceit and manipulation by those with ulterior motives. It's crucial to verify claims, evaluate actions, and consider the integrity and consistency of the individuals promoting these ideas before fully engaging or trusting them. In today's digital age, the abundance of information challenges us to discern truth from falsehood. Yet, this pursuit demands vigilance, as misinformation and deception can easily proliferate. Gaslighting, a manipulative tactic, poses a threat to shared principles and values, undermining constructive dialogue and fostering confusion. Awareness of such tactics is crucial for safeguarding principles and promoting honest discourse. The alignment of skepticism with the wisdom of discernment is crucial in our quest for Truth. This alignment recognizes that our world, rich with diverse voices and teachings, does not always guide us towards the light of understanding. The discerning heart, therefore, seeks to sift through these voices, separating the grain of divine truth from the chaff of deception and misunderstanding. This task is not rooted in cynicism but in a careful and prayerful examination of the truths we encounter. It is an acknowledgment that while there is much to learn and understand, not all paths lead to enlightenment. The discerning heart, guided by balanced skepticism, becomes adept at navigating these paths, choosing those that lead to a deeper, more authentic understanding of the world and our place within it. Begin by understanding the origins of the misguided perspective. Often, skepticism towards altruism stems from past disappointments, hurt, or a cultural environment that values self-interest above communal well-being. Recognizing the root causes can foster empathy and inform your approach to engagement. Once the root causes of skepticism towards altruism are understood, the next steps involve a nuanced approach to healing and reorienting perspectives towards a more community-focused and empathetic worldview. Empathy as a Tool for Healing: Empathy plays a crucial role in addressing the underlying From a spiritual perspective, the pursuit of Truth often extends beyond the boundaries of human comprehension and empirical evidence. Truth encompasses both the visible and the imperceptible, the familiar and the enigmatic. I have encountered instances of profound insight, deep connection, and moments of transcendence that challenge the conventional boundaries of understanding. These extraordinary experiences can be interpreted as spiritual revelations, and they carry with them the potential for profound personal transformation. In these moments, we catch fleeting glimpses of a reality that transcends our ordinary sensory encounters, providing a sense of connection to something greater than ourselves. It is through these profound encounters that I have come to acknowledge the possibility that Truth exists independently of human cognition, inviting us to explore it through a more profound and reflective connection with the consciousness inherent in the natural world around us. Think of your mind like someone looking out a window. This person — your consciousness — isn't just watching what's happening outside; they're actively making sense of it all. Your mind takes in everything you see, hear, and feel, like the view from a window, and decides what's important. It's not just taking it all in passively; it's more like the conductor of an orchestra, choosing what to focus on and how to react. This is how you experience and understand the world around you, making sense of the flood of information that comes your way every day. Although interpretations of inner essence may differ, the universal quest for happiness and meaning binds us together. We all endeavor to comprehend our role in the world, recognizing our strengths and weaknesses, and strive to align our lives with our deepest values and beliefs. This essence, seen either as the spirit within us or as a reflection of our creative and intellectual potential, profoundly shapes our choices and aspirations. By embracing and nurturing this core aspect of ourselves, we embark on a journey that resonates with our truest selves. This intensely personal journey also becomes interwoven with the collective fabric of our communities, as the insights we gain not only enrich our own lives but also those around us. At the heart of this journey, a transcendent force elevates us beyond mere personal beliefs, immersing us in a world longing for physical and emotional connections. Often, this initial attraction evolves into deeper emotional bonds. Love, in its most spiritual manifestation, acts as a potent medium for connecting minds, sharing a resilient spark that challenges the limits of control. This Spirit, perceived either as Divine Essence or as an integral part of our human nature, infuses our lives with profound fulfillment, intertwining the individual quest for understanding with the collective experience of love and connection. Happiness stems not from fleeting pleasures, but from living fully in the present, mastering our thoughts and emotions. It's this profound love, for ourselves and others, that fosters an irreplaceable sense of purpose, connection, and fulfillment, guiding us towards authentic happiness. Real happiness comes not from short-lived joys but from living fully in the moment, controlling our thoughts and feelings. This deep love for ourselves and others brings a unique sense of purpose and connection, leading us to true happiness. True happiness emerges not from fleeting moments but from living fully in the present, mastering our thoughts and emotions. Guided by profound love, this pursuit of happiness reflects our essence, leading to a purposeful and connected existence. Learn how to fill your heart with kindness. As your understanding deepens, let it foster a boundless compassion, recognizing the interconnectedness of all life in our shared human experience. As your understanding of theories and concepts deepens, keep in mind, the pursuit of truth is an ongoing process, a perpetual exploration where each answer uncovered may lead to more profound questions. Embrace this continuous cycle of learning and introspection—it is the essence of growth within the discipline of psychology and beyond. Remember that the truth path is not just about seeking answers, but also about experiencing the evolution of your consciousness and the unfolding of the spirit within this beautiful dance of life. I aim to transcend the current biases of belief and unbelief to more deeply explore and articulate the essence of happiness. By presenting a tapestry of testimonies and definitions, we will embark on a quest that moves beyond the shadows of unsubstantiated opinion and into the light of knowledge drawn from a multitude of disciplines. This essay will seek out the justified reasons for what may be termed as spiritual enlightenment or True Belief. Together, we will delve into the wisdom of theologians, rabbis, professors, philosophers, and sacred texts, examining testimony that suggests our existence is enriched by Transcendence—moments of enlightenment, grace, and the profound human desire to share stories and wisdom. Through this exploration, we hope to uncover how these elements intertwine to shape our understanding of Happiness, grounded in the universal Spirit of Love and the deep-seated need for personal and collective fulfillment. Adapting to the World Around Us Understanding oneself and achieving true happiness are deeply intertwined with the concept of adaptation, which plays a pivotal role in human survival and well-being. Adaptation facilitates our capacity to effectively navigate and flourish in an ever-changing and often challenging environment, encompassing various levels of human experience that contribute to our ability to thrive. On a physiological level, human beings possess a remarkable innate ability to adapt to new environments and confront challenges. This adaptive prowess manifests through physiological changes that enable us to withstand diverse environmental conditions and maintain bodily equilibrium. On a psychological level, adaptation becomes a vital psychological mechanism. It equips us with the tools to cope with, and effectively adjust to, the multitude of changes and challenges that our environment presents. This psychological resilience is essential for mental health and well-being. At a cultural level, adaptation assumes the form of cultural assimilation, permitting individuals to learn, adopt, and integrate the customs, behaviors, and beliefs of distinctive communities or groups. This cultural adaptability fosters cultural diversity and cross-cultural understanding. On a spiritual level, adaptation is the profound process of harmonizing our inner essence with the ever-changing and frequently challenging aspects of the divine, the afterlife, the purpose of existence, and our moral values. It encompasses the recognition that we are not separate entities but integral participants within a dynamic environment characterized by continual transformation, adaptation, and evolution. I like to imagine a nurturing force I call the Spirit of Love as the vast, endless river of wisdom and life that flows throughout the universe. This nurturing Spirit, teems with knowledge, love, and interconnectedness, represents the continuous flow of guidance and support in our adaptive journey. It is in this river that we find the resources for our physiological, psychological, cultural, and spiritual adaptation. To live in harmony with the Spirit of Love is to be in tune with this eternal river, acknowledging and embracing its presence in every aspect of our lives. The Wonders of Prenatal Development In exploring the concept of ontogenetic adaptation, which encompasses the biological and physiological changes from conception to adulthood, we can extend our understanding beyond just the biological complex interplay of genetics, environment, and natural processes that guide the development of life. These mechanisms are a remarkable aspect of natural biology, ensuring that a baby develops the necessary physiological features and functions for survival and adaptability in the external world. The Language of Affection Prenatal perceptual development is a remarkable journey that begins even before a baby is born. Although parents cannot have a traditional face-to-face interaction with their unborn child, they form a unique and profound connection through various sensory interactions within the womb. This bond is primarily built around the soothing tones of the parents' voices and the sounds the baby perceives in this protective environment. Hearing, the first sense to develop in the womb, enables babies to recognize and become familiar with their parents' voices and the ambient sounds of their surroundings, thus establishing a connection with the external world even before birth. This early bonding plays a significant role in forging the emotional and psychological connection between parents and their baby, laying the groundwork for their relationship ahead of their physical meeting post-birth. Alongside these critical biological processes, the emotional and nurturing aspects of development are equally important in preparing a baby for the challenges and experiences of life. This nurturing force, which I like to call the Spirit of Love, is crucial in forming a deep bond between parent and child. It underscores the sacred journey from conception to birth and beyond. Through this nurturing process, the Spirit of Love not only aids the baby's physical and sensory growth but also endows their early life with a profound sense of belonging and connection to the wider world. As an expectant parent, I often daydreamed about the day I would meet our new baby. I eagerly looked forward to forming a deeper bond with my child, and the anticipation of his arrival was incredibly thrilling. Even before his birth, my baby was already forging connections with me and the outside world. Hearing, the first sense to develop in a newborn, plays a key role in this process. The baby, recognizing our voices and other sounds from within the womb, begins to form a bond with the world around them. As they grow and start to interact with their environment, they continue to adapt and develop other senses like sight, touch, and taste, further enriching their connection with the world. Throughout the pregnancy, I often found myself talking to my son through his mother's belly, affectionately calling our baby by a special nickname, "Neutron." This endearing practice created a heightened sense of connection, making it feel as though our little one already had a unique identity even before we decided on an official name. Those moments when Neutron would respond with gentle kicks against his mother’s tummy were incredibly heartwarming. They were acknowledgments of the name and the deepening bond we were nurturing. These tender kicks were physical manifestations of the growing connection, a bond that was sure to strengthen even more once we could hold him in our arms. At its core, the act of giving my son a nickname is an expression of affection. Nicknames are born from love, fondness, and intimacy. They serve as verbal hugs, a way of saying, "You are special to me." When we use a nickname, we are not just addressing a person; we are addressing a relationship, a history, and a shared connection. As the due date approached, my child's mother and I discussed various names, both for our baby's official birth name and the possibility of incorporating "Neutron" in some way. We then agreed to the idea of naming him after "Luke" as his official name, an honor that deeply touched my heart. As father and son, we now carry the legacy of our shared name, creating a bond that will last a lifetime. It is a source of pride and joy knowing that he is the next generation, carrying on the family name and creating his own path in this world. Although, I will forever cherish the memory of calling him "Neutron" during the pregnancy, which reflects the unique and loving bond we had even before he made his grand entrance into our lives as Luke Jr. The Awakening of Parental Instincts Reflecting on the range of feelings I encountered as a new parent, I see each emotion as a vital component in the evolving relationship with my child. During this transformational period, I began to notice not only how quickly my child was growing and changing but also how I was developing and adapting as a parent. Initially, it was an immense challenge. The realization of my child's complete reliance on my partner and me was overwhelming, and at times, I found myself preoccupied with my own needs. However, with time and introspection about my role, I understood the need to realign my priorities. Within the emotional complexities of new parenthood, the principle of ontogenetic adaptation provides a critical lens for understanding the profound changes that occur. This concept, often rooted in developmental biology, is equally applicable to the emotional and psychological evolution experienced by new parents. As my child exhibited growth through new abilities each day, I concurrently experienced a personal transformation. This encompassed developing proficiencies in interpreting my child's nonverbal communications, adjusting to a diminished need for sleep, and re-prioritizing personal needs to focus on the welfare of my child. This transformative process, though less observable than my child's physical milestones, was equally significant, reshaping my identity, enhancing my emotional capacity, and altering my life's perspective, thus exemplifying the breadth of ontogenetic adaptation beyond its biological origins. The evolution from a self-centric existence to a life profoundly connected with the needs of my child and partner was a nuanced transition, unfolding over time. It was a deliberate redirection from my own personal desires to a heightened cognizance of the needs of my family. This adaptation was punctuated by periods of introspection, necessitating a continuous reassessment of my roles and responsibilities. The patterns and habits that once served my individual preferences gradually transformed into practices that emphasized the well-being of my child and the support of my partner. In this gradual shift, the concept of ontogenetic adaptation resonated with newfound significance, encapsulating not only the biological aspects of growth but also encompassing the emotional and psychological reorientation required in this new chapter of life. The self-centered perspective, often reinforced by societal norms, was progressively supplanted by a sense of collective nurturing—a reconfigured sense of purpose that extended beyond the self to embrace the welfare of my partner and our child. This recalibration of priorities was neither swift nor simple; it required patience, adaptability, and an unwavering dedication to the multifaceted development that underpins the parental journey. Joy and anticipation were my companions, whispering promises of sweet encounters and the enchanting unknown of meeting my child, a blend of hopes and dreams. They were the catalysts for the love and dedication I was ready to shower upon my child, forming the pillars upon which my child would lean as they navigate through life. However, fear and uncertainty also walked beside me, representing the profound responsibility and lifelong commitment that come with bringing a new life into the world. These feelings were not the enemies but the vigilant guardians, reminders of the enormity of the task ahead, prompting me to acquire knowledge and brace myself for the inevitable challenges of parenthood. I've learned that embracing these seemingly contrasting emotions is crucial. It's this acceptance and understanding that have allowed me to love and be devoted to my children naturally and unconditionally. It's about creating a sanctuary of support and love for them to grow, to learn, to be. This approach, accepting both the joyful and the daunting aspects of parenthood, is paramount in creating a rich and meaningful atmosphere, contributing to the wholesome growth of my children and strengthening the irreplaceable bond we share. In the journey of "Creation through Parenting," it's the harmonious integration of diverse emotions and experiences that crafts a value-laden, loving legacy for my children, Luke and Lyra. It’s this intricate dance of love, worry, joy, and responsibility that shapes their world, guiding them gently through the tapestry of life. The Miracle of Connection When a parent looks into the eyes of their newborn baby, they are often filled with an overwhelming sense of love and devotion. I remember baby Neutron first opened his eyes and being filled with joy. I watched him search the room until he focused upon me. We shared our moment of connection, love, and understanding that continues through our lifetime. When Luke was born, my heart swelled with a love I had never known before. His arrival filled my life with boundless joy, and my role as a father took on new meaning. After birth, the process of adaptation and development continued as baby Luke grew and learned more about his environment. With the help of his parents and other caregivers, Luke learned to trust and bond with the people around him, and began to develop language skills, physical coordination, and cognitive abilities. I watched him adapt and learn, forming relationships and gaining knowledge about the world around him. The process of adaptation and development is a vital part of a baby's life, and is essential for their survival and successful transition into the world. Nurturing the Future Generation In the realm of parenting, love emerges as an action verb, finding its truest expression in unwavering devotion. This love compels us to nurture, protect, and provide for our offspring. Devotion forms the very fabric of the parent-child bond, going beyond mere biological connections. It is present in every shared experience, from the intimate prenatal moments to the transformative journey of adoption. The strength of this devotion shapes the profound connection we share with our children. Parenthood embodies this devotion. It's not just about biological ties; it's a deep-rooted commitment to guiding the physical, emotional, and intellectual growth of our children. This dedication surfaces as an undying promise to provide love, care, and support while they navigate life's intricacies. It's through ontogenetic adaptation, our inherent ability to evolve and adapt, that our devotion molds us, helping us flourish throughout life. Indeed, our collective devotion to each other epitomizes the essence of human evolution, propelling our continuous progress as a species. Uncharted Adoption Odyssey With every moment I spent with Luke, the depth of my love for him deepened, surpassing what I once thought was its limit. Yet as he matured, his mother and I felt an unmistakable longing. We were keenly aware that our family tapestry had more threads to weave. Our hearts ached to shower our love upon another child, to offer a safe haven. The choice to adopt wasn’t merely a decision—it was a journey of introspection, candid conversations, and a burning wish to positively transform a child's life. From the moment we acted upon our decision to adopt, our hearts were filled with hope and anticipation. We eagerly prepared our home, creating a space that would be warm, loving, and welcoming to a new member of our family. The waiting period was filled with both excitement and anxiousness, as we wondered about the child who would one day become our daughter. The beginning of the adoption process closely resembled the art of storytelling. It was an act that transcends the practicalities of background checks, documents, and procedures, it is a journey into the very essence of what it means to nurture and care for a child. where narratives of hope and aspiration laying the groundwork for the bonds that will shape lives. In our deeply adoption journey, the birth mother had the opportunity to read through profiles of prospective adoptive parents, and within those pages, she discovered our family. We shared photographs that captured moments of our lives, preserving the smiles, laughter, and love that permeate our home. These images painted a vivid picture of our family story and the warmth that fills our everyday existence. With the news that the birth mother had chosen us, our hearts fluttered with joy and apprehension, signaling the awaited transformation into parenthood. As the prospect of welcoming a new child became increasingly real, we joyously readied our home and hearts for the arrival. Amid these preparations, we knew that choosing a name imbued with special meaning was paramount. Thus, under the celestial canvas of a star-filled sky, my partner found inspiration and lovingly selected 'Lyra' for our daughter—a name as melodious and bright as the constellation it signifies. I found myself drawn to the tale of Hermes and the magical lyre. The story encapsulates the profound connection between music, mythology, and the essence of life. The transformation of the tortoise into the wondrous lyre symbolizes the transformative power of music in our own lives. It all begins with Hermes' journey through the scenic mountains, where the celestial messenger stumbles upon a tortoise gracefully moving amidst the verdant landscape. Seeing this encounter as an omen of great luck, Hermes senses a deeper significance in the creature's presence. He is enthralled by the tortoise's lovely shape and the enchanting sounds it produces while dancing. Embracing the moment, Hermes greets the tortoise with joy and excitement, recognizing its potential to become an instrument of divine harmony. Returning home with the tortoise, Hermes transforms it into a wondrous lyre that emanates enchanting melodies that throughout the heavens and earth when Hermes plays it. Hymn 4 to Hermes - Line 1 Homer As the story continues the young god, Hermes offers the lyre as a gift to Apollo starts playing sweet melodies that captivate both gods and mortals alike, and the myth marks the beginning of Apollo's association with the lyre and his status as a divine musician. This aspect of his identity became a significant part of his character in Greek mythology, and he was often depicted in art and literature holding a lyre and surrounded by the Muses, the goddesses of the arts and inspiration. Hymn 4 to Hermes Cont. The profound connection between Mercury and Hermes in relation to the lyre is deeply rooted in their shared roles as messenger gods within their respective mythologies. In Roman mythology, Mercury is the equivalent of the Greek god Hermes. Both Mercury and Hermes are renowned for their unparalleled swiftness, cunning intellect, and their pivotal roles as intermediaries connecting the divine and mortal realms. The narrative of crafting a lyre from a humble tortoise shell highlights their immense creative prowess. Similar to Hermes fashioning this musical instrument, Mercury's artistic skill transforms an ordinary shell into an instrument that resonates with the very essence of music and communication. The lyre, bestowed upon the legendary musician Orpheus, becomes a vessel for Mercury's ingenuity, echoing melodies that traverse the boundaries of human comprehension. This connection is further enriched by the Roman penchant for infusing their astronomy with mythological and cultural symbolism. In Roman astronomical traditions, the constellation Lyra becomes intricately associated with the lyre, the instrument whose strains were said to move even the hearts of gods. In the writings of Gaius Julius Hyginus, a prominent Roman author and scholar of the 1st century BC, the constellation Lyre is revealed as a celestial emblem entwined with themes of music, tragedy, and divine interplay. Through his work "De Astronomica," Hyginus breathes life into the ancient tale of Mercury's lyre, ensuring that the harmonious chords of this myth continue to resonate across time, culture, and the boundless expanse of human imagination. "De Astronomica," attributed to Gaius Julius Hyginus was a Roman author and scholar who lived during the 1st century BC. He is known for his works in both mythology and astronomy. Within its pages, the constellation Lyre emerges as a celestial relic of music, tragedy, and divine interplay. De Astronomica Hyginus In approximately another 13,000 years, Vega will once again reclaim its role as the pole star. Fasti Almagest VIII - Constellation of Lyra Claudius Ptolemy My deep appreciation for Greek and Roman mythology led me to integrate their narratives into context with my hope for a fruitful life journey my daughter is embarking upon. Lyra's Music of Love and Hope Cultivating Devotion When I first saw Lyra she was surrounded by machines and wires, her small frame a testament to her bravery and strength. The uncertainty of the situation and the challenges that lay ahead created a sense of unease and concern. As a parent, my instinct to protect and nurture was juxtaposed with the feeling of helplessness in the face of the unknown. The doctors informed us that Lyra had a congenital heart defect. The surgical team would carefully correct the structural abnormalities closing the hole in Lyra's heart to improve blood flow and circulation. The uncertainty of what lay ahead, coupled with the fear of potential outcomes, created an emotional turmoil that was challenging for me to navigate. In an attempt to shield myself from the potential pain and heartache, I found myself distancing from the situation. It was a self-protective instinct, a way to create a buffer between my emotions and the reality we were facing. I convinced myself that if I maintained some emotional distance, the impact of any negative news or difficult outcomes would be lessened. However, as I reflect on that time, I realize that emotional distancing wasn't a solution but rather a coping mechanism born out of fear and vulnerability. As Lyra recovered I caught a radiant light in her eyes looked at me that touched my soul. I experience the depth of connection that I cannot describe. I began crying as I released a flood of emotions that attached me to her. I knew, in that moment, that she was destined to be my daughter and vowed to do everything in my power to give her a life filled with love, care, and happiness. The affection I hold for my children embodies a dynamic interplay between deliberate intent, profound emotional bonds, and the influential role of choice in nurturing relationships. Through our shared journey, I've come to realize that my love for Luke and Lyra is more than a potent emotion—it's a conscientious decision. While emotional attachment is undoubtedly present in the love for my children, there is a force of will that involves deliberate choices and actions that extend beyond emotional fluctuations. A force of will encompasses the willingness to make sacrifices and act selflessly, even when it challenges one's emotional comfort for the sake of their child's growth and happiness. This usually involves cognitive processes such as decision-making, planning, reasoning, and evaluating options. These processes contribute to the conscious intent and voluntary effort behind a force of will. While instincts are automatic and innate responses to stimuli, a force of will is a conscious and intentional exertion of mental, emotional, and even physical resources to achieve desired outcomes. Devotion transcends mere sentimentality, it unfolds as a purposeful odyssey of personal growth, interwoven with shared experiences and unwavering engagement. Genuine Love demands intentional effort, steadfast commitment, and active participation in nurturing and sustaining these cherished relationships. As a devoted parent, I've consciously chosen to invest my time and energy in fostering sacred connections with my children. Amid the unpredictable twists and turns of life, I have embraced the challenges this journey encompass nurturing their growth through joyful playfulness. The results has cultivated beautiful, unbreakable emotional bonds with both my son and daughter—an embodiment of the enduring strength that comes from intentional devotion. Sensational Awareness In exploring the nature of awareness and consciousness, I have recognized that it is not an objective and fixed property of the universe, but rather a subjective experience influenced by various factors such as culture, language, and individual psychology. Imagine two people standing at the shore of a river, one standing upstream and one downstream. The person standing upstream sees the water flowing towards them, while the person downstream sees the water flowing away from them. Both are correct in their own frame of reference, but it is their position relative to the river that determines their perspective. Similarly, our understanding of reality is dependent on our frame of reference and perspective, and whether one perspective is more correct than another depends on the underlying assumptions, criteria, and methodologies being used to assess correctness. I accept that different individuals and philosophical traditions may hold differing views on this matter. In our daily journey through life, our brain system engages in a continuous process of analyzing and interpreting the sensory input we receive. This cognitive function plays a crucial role in helping us make informed decisions and effectively respond to the challenges we face. It orchestrates our actions, allowing us to interact with the world around us and prioritize our objectives while ensuring our well-being. Within this intricate interplay of cognitive, sensory, and motor functions, our mind, in its unique frame of reference, utilizes feedback mechanisms to guide us. For instance, sensations like pain serve as important signals, alerting us to potential threats and steering us away from harm. This seamless coordination between our mind and body empowers us to navigate our goals while prioritizing our overall wellness. Our individual perspective, shaped by our unique experiences, beliefs, and values, influences how we interpret and respond to the world around us. It is through this lens of our unique frame of reference that we make sense of our sensations and make choices that align with our well-being. The brain system is the epicenter of our sensory experience which encompasses the perception and comprehension of sensory stimuli. Through its ability to integrate sensory information, process cognitive functions, and coordinate our movements, the brain enables us to navigate the world around us. It analyzes and interprets the sensory input, allowing us to make informed decisions and respond effectively to our surroundings. By aligning our actions with our goals and employing feedback mechanisms like pleasure and pain, the brain guides us towards actions that promote our well-being and protect us from harm. Its coordination of cognitive, sensory, and motor functions ensures that we can pursue our objectives, seek out pleasurable experiences, and prioritize our overall safety and well-being. In this intricate interplay between our brain and the external world, our experiences are shaped, and our perception of reality is molded, ultimately contributing to our overall quality of life. Cause and Effect From their earliest days, Luke and Lyra were exposed to various stimuli, slowly starting to associate their behaviors and reactions with the results they witnessed. When they cried, it was a means to communicate, leading to receiving attention, food, or comfort from me or their mother. These consistent responses were foundational, aiding them in realizing that their actions could invoke specific responses or outcomes. As they grew, their interactions with toys and the surrounding environment were pivotal in enhancing their understanding of cause and effect. Simple actions like shaking a rattle to hear its sound or pushing a button to elicit music were Luke and Lyra’s early experiments in influencing their surroundings. These interactions were elementary stepping stones in their journeys of cognitive development. Their progressive motor development, marked by milestones like reaching, grasping, and crawling, empowered them to interact more deliberately with their environment. They experimented, observed reactions, and learned they could effect change in the world around them. Watching a tower of blocks fall when knocked over became a lesson in cause and effect, engraving the principle deeper into their developing minds. Building upon their motor development milestones, my children started recognizing patterns in their environment. This recognition led them to refine their actions and delve into more complex forms of communication. They began to understand the relationship between sounds and their meanings, which was a crucial step in their cognitive development. As they mimicked sounds and words, they transitioned from relying solely on non-verbal cues to using simple language. This shift to verbal communication was a significant milestone, marking the start of their ability to express needs and thoughts through conversation. In this next stage of their development, I like to believe the Spirit of Love deeply influenced Luke and Lyra’s burgeoning communication skills. This unconditional love, shown through patient listening and responsive interaction, not only encouraged their exploration of language but also instilled in them a sense of security and confidence. As they navigated the complexities of verbal expression, the nurturing environment created by this spirit played a crucial role in their emotional development. It allowed them to feel understood and valued, reinforcing the importance of empathy and connection in their journey of learning to communicate effectively. Early Childhood Bonding Everyone embarks on life’s journey with a unique approach, embracing distinct values, aspirations, and modes of expression. This individuality becomes particularly significant when interacting with our children, with whom we wish to forge strong bonds from early childhood. Regardless of our beliefs and philosophies, our universal quest is to leave an enduring impact on them, cultivating in them values, love, knowledge, and moralities. Early interactions play a pivotal role in fostering deep connections and bonding with our children, shaping our relationships with our unique expressions of love, values, and affirmations. It is the distinctiveness of these interactions that embed meaning and fulfillment in our relationships, forming the bedrock of trust, love, and security from early childhood. From the very inception of parenthood, the importance of sensory awareness in nurturing bonds with my children became evident to me. It was clear that creating an environment rich in sensory experiences would serve as the foundation of enduring connections. Each interaction, unique in its essence, and each expression of love, distinctive in its form, build the profound and lasting imprints we leave on our children’s lives. These multifaceted sensory experiences and deep, heartfelt interactions, steeped in generational wisdom, are the architects of the philosophical, ethical, spiritual, and moral legacies we pass down. It is within these intricate interactions and expressions that we discover the essence of our human experience and sow the seeds for enduring bonds with our children. When Luke and Lyra were born, their cries and coos were the mediums through which we communicated, the beginning of our bonding journey. My parental intuition, coupled with guidance from their mother, helped me assure them of their safety and my unwavering presence. The whispers of comfort, tender words of love, and sweet lullabies were the building blocks of a loving environment, creating a sanctuary of care and affection for them. The delicate, exploratory touches of their tiny hands and the silent, profound communications we shared were crucial in early childhood bonding. These experiences taught Luke and Lyra to associate touch with comfort, trust, and love, forming the foundation of our unique Language of Love. Reflecting on such early childhood bonding experiences provides invaluable insights into the depth and strength of familial bonds and the enduring impact of our unique expressions of love. It invites us to explore the diverse ways in which we, and our children, communicate affection and value. Such reflections not only deepen our understanding of our familial bonds but also illuminate the resonant impact of the early bonding experiences that have shaped our relationships. Mental Constructs Mental Constructs are the intricate frameworks that our minds create to organize and interpret the sensory information we receive from the world around us. They are the cognitive blueprints that guide us in understanding, categorizing, and making sense of the diverse stimuli that bombard our senses. Imagine mental constructs as the architectural plans for a building. Just as architects design structures with meticulous attention to detail, our minds construct mental frameworks that outline the way we perceive and interpret reality. These constructs are shaped by a multitude of factors, including our past experiences, cultural upbringing, personal beliefs, and even our emotions. They act as the lens through which we view the world, influencing the way we assign meaning and significance to the stimuli we encounter. The process of comprehending the world relies heavily on these mental constructs. Comprehension, then, is the cognitive mechanism through which we engage with the sensory input and align it with our preexisting mental frameworks. It's the process of fitting new information into the existing puzzle of our understanding, filling in gaps, and forming cohesive narratives that resonate with our internal knowledge base. Comprehension The brain, a truly remarkable organ, assumes a pivotal role in processing sensory information, contributing profoundly to our subjective experience. As you engage with this paragraph, your brain seamlessly amalgamates visual stimuli from your eyes, orchestrating the movements of your eye muscles to track the progression of words and facilitate comprehension. This intricate choreography involving your visual system, brain, and information processing guarantees that you grasp the meaning conveyed in the text. This orchestrated effort underpins your unique perspective, shaping your subjective experience of reading and comprehension. In the intricate tapestry of human interactions, the dynamics of empathy, perception, and empathetic perception play distinct yet interconnected roles in deciphering the emotions and intentions of others. Empathy is a deeply human ability that allows us to share and connect with the emotions of those around us. An empathetic individual possesses a heightened capacity to not only recognize the feelings of others but also to experience those emotions vicariously. Empaths often internalize the emotions they encounter, feeling them as if they were their own. This heightened sensitivity extends beyond observation, diving into an emotional resonance that establishes a unique bond with the experiences of others. Empathetic perception bridges the realms of empathy and perception. It encompasses the ability to not only recognize and interpret the emotions of others but also to do so with a heightened sensitivity that resonates with the emotional experiences of those around us. Empathetic perception involves intuitively grasping the emotional undercurrents beneath the surface and using these insights to connect on a deeper level. This skill goes beyond mere observation; it involves emotionally attuning oneself to the emotional landscape of others, transcending verbal communication to access the unspoken layers of understanding. In essence, while empathy involves an emotional connection and heightened sensitivity to the emotions of others, perception is the cognitive process of interpreting observable cues. Empathetic perception, however, takes understanding to a profound level by fusing emotional resonance with cognitive understanding. It allows individuals to not only grasp the emotional states of others but to connect with those emotions on a visceral level, enhancing the depth and authenticity of human connection. The Discernment of Spirits is a divine charism, a grace bestowed by the Holy Spirit upon individuals, empowering them to perceive the authenticity, origin, and nature of spiritual influences, whether they stem from God, benevolent sources, or potential malevolent entities. This gift safeguards believers from deception, ensuring their resolute commitment on their spiritual journey. Moreover, this profound insight allows recipients to uncover the intricate threads of spiritual forces shaping behaviors, emotions, and intentions of others. With this heightened awareness, one can distinguish between the divine whispers and the potential shadows that seek to mislead. Overcoming Life's Challenges As you get bigger and come across new difficulties, you learn how to deal with them. Watching my four year old son waddle along next to me, his small boots sinking slightly into the moist earth with each step. Each step he took was an adventure, filled with the boundless curiosity. Luke's every action and reaction to the world around him perfectly embodies ontogenetic adaptation. This biological concept highlights how individuals change in their own lifetime due to their surroundings and experiences. While he's adapting and learning from each new encounter in his environment, he's showcasing a real-life example of this principle. It's different from evolutionary changes, which span over many generations. We all experience growth and change as we try to understand and harmonize with our ever-changing surroundings. Every step, every moment, is influenced by our interactions with the world, helping us address life's challenges. It ensures that we not only survive but truly thrive. In a way, it's a reflection of how, with hope and understanding, we find our path and purpose in the world. And for those that embrace faith and are guided by a higher power for clarity to our life journey's direction. The Science of Memory: How Our Cells Change to Better Adapt Our ability to remember past experiences and the emotions associated with them is important for understanding happiness. These memories are created by physical, internal, and behavioral changes that happen in our body, which are regulated by our body's 24-hour circadian clock. This internal clock, also known as the circadian rhythm, refers to the internal biological process that regulates various physiological and behavioral functions over a 24-hour period. It helps to control things such as sleep patterns, hormone production, and body temperature. This internal clock is influenced by external cues, such as the light-dark cycle, and it helps to synchronize our physiology and behavior to adapt with the environment. This process helps us know when to be awake and when to sleep and also helps our cells change in response to the environment. These changes can affect how well we remember things and can help us remember things better. For example, when it's dark, our eyes change to help us see better and when we're cold our skin changes to keep us warm. The rhythmic changes in the activity of cells in response to environmental cues are referred to as cellular oscillations. These changes can affect how cells work and help them respond to different situations, such as allowing our eyes to see in the dark or keeping our skin warm. Cell oscillations also play a role in memory formation in the brain by regulating genes and proteins that control the body's internal clock, the formation of new memories, and the growth and survival of neurons. For example, when we're cold, the cells in our skin change to help keep us warm. Additionally, cell oscillations regulate neurogenesis, the process by which new neurons are generated and added to the brain. This process occurs primarily in specific areas of the brain such as the hippocampus and the olfactory bulb, which are involved in learning, memory, and the sense of smell. However, it's important to note that neurogenesis can be influenced by many factors like environmental, physiological and pathological conditions. For example, physical activity, environmental enrichment, and a diet rich in antioxidants have been found to promote neurogenesis, while stress, aging, and certain diseases have been found to inhibit it. These changes in our cells are controlled by a complex set of instructions and also play a role in other important body functions such as sleep, metabolism, and the immune system. Studies show that certain genes and proteins that are involved in these changes also play a role in how well we store and retrieve memories. Scientists have found that certain special helpers, called genes and proteins, that help cells change in response to the environment, also play a role in how well we remember things. These helpers are like special recipes and ingredients that make memories happen. Some examples of these helpers are Bmal1, CREB, and BDNF. They help our brain store and recall memories better. My daughter found it challenging to understand the terms used in memory. To clarify, I used a comparison where the brain was seen as a factory, and these processes (Time Keepers, Memory Makers, and Brain Boosters) represented specific biological processes that occur within it. Through this analogy of a brain factory with its little helpers, the Time Keepers, Memory Makers, and Brain Boosters, I attempted to make the concept of memory more accessible to my daughter and spark her curiosity about the wonders of the human brain. The power of storytelling and analogies has truly transformed the way we approach learning complex scientific concepts, fostering a deeper understanding and cultivating a genuine passion for knowledge within my young learner. And so, we continue to explore this fascinating brain factory, eagerly uncovering the secrets of memory and the marvels of science together. Connecting to Happiness The study of human connection has long been a central focus in the fields of psychology, sociology, and anthropology. Our relationships with people and the environment around us have a significant impact on our lives, from shaping our thoughts and emotions to influencing our behavior and overall well-being. Positive connections create strong neural connections in the brain, allowing us to easily recall the feelings, sights, and sounds associated with happy memories. These memories serve as a source of comfort, happiness, and motivation and can be triggered by anything that reminds us of the experience, such as familiar scents, sounds, or songs. Positive connections also foster a sense of belonging, which enhances self-esteem and overall well-being. In fact, creating positive memories through meaningful connections can enrich our lives and contribute to our overall happiness. To improve the recall of happy memories, we can recreate the context that brought us happiness in the first place. For example, observing people helping others in need can trigger an emotional response of happiness, which gets strengthened through a process called consolidation. This process transforms the short-term memory of our experience into a more stable long-term memory, which can be improved by avoiding attention-demanding tasks after learning and allowing the brain to process the information during deep sleep or meditation. Recreating a context associated with happiness can also have a positive impact on our memory performance. When we have positive experiences, our brain creates strong neural connections that allow us to easily recall the emotions, sights, and sounds associated with those experiences. This is why experiencing familiar sights, sounds, or scents that remind us of happy memories can trigger positive emotions. Take a minute. And focus on the word CONNECTION. Now put a smile on your face and meditate on nothing, but what you believe CONNECTION to be. Do this as long as you feel that it is comfortable. Now close your eyes and focus on Connection that brings Happiness. Take a break from reading and share happy thoughts with a loved one or friend that is easy to talk to. I will leave the light on for you. Welcome back. Do you have a better idea on what Connection is? Connections can be compared to the way we understand ecosystems. In an ecosystem, different species of plants and animals rely on each other for survival, and each component plays a role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. Connection refers to the relationships and interactions we have with others and our environment. It plays a crucial role in shaping our thoughts, emotions, and overall well-being. Connections can be positive or negative, with positive ones creating strong neural connections in the brain that help us recall happy memories. These memories can boost our sense of belonging and self-esteem, leading to greater happiness. To strengthen these positive connections, it's important to recreate the context that brought us happiness in the first place and avoid distractions that can disrupt the memory-making process. By focusing on and nurturing our connections, we can enrich our lives and enhance our overall well-being. At this moment I want you to recall that fond memory of someone helping you and associate it with the concept that LOVE BRINGS HAPPINESS THROUGH THE SUPPORT AND GUIDANCE OF OTHERS. For Humanist, Love can be a Radiant (Aura) of Connection (Mutual Memory) experienced according to the dictates of individual conscious. "We are family. Get up everybody and sing." This timeless song by Sister Sledge shares an amazing message for parents and siblings connecting together in one Spirit of love and faith in each other. Creative Expression We humans have a unique ability to store and recall experiences, emotions, beliefs, and sensations in a way that goes beyond mere information processing. This is because human memory is not just a matter of storing and retrieving data, but it is also interconnected with other mental processes such as perception, emotion, imagination, and self-awareness which play crucial roles in shaping human experience and decision-making. Perception helps humans gather information from the world around them, emotion influences how individuals respond and react to events and experiences, imagination allows for creativity and innovation, and self-awareness provides a sense of identity and introspection. All of these processes interact and influence each other, enabling humans to recall memories in a rich and complex manner, often incorporating sensory, emotional, and imaginative aspects. Recalling experiences can be a source of inspiration for creative expression such as writing. By reflecting on past events, emotions, sensations, and other details, the imagination can take over and reinterpret memories to produce something original and unique. The recall of experiences also brings depth to writing, drawing from personal, real-life events and emotions. This ability to store, recall and recombine experiences enables the creation of imaginative works that enrich our personal and cultural heritage. Writers often craft their work with the understanding that readers will recall these elements such as main ideas, themes, characters, setting, language and style, personal connections, and emotional impact, writers aim to make the text more memorable, engaging, and impactful. The purpose is to create a comprehensive understanding of the text, making the reading experience more memorable. I welcome you to revisit different parts of this essay to better understand the impact of recalling experiences on creative expression. When recalling a motivational line of text, the brain accesses semantic memory, which is the memory of concepts and meanings. This type of recall is associated with the retrieval of stored information, such as quotes or affirmations, that can be used to shift the individual's focus and attitude. The Role of Memory in Emotions and Well-being Happiness is a complex and multifaceted concept that is often associated with positive emotions, such as joy, contentment, and satisfaction. One of the key elements that contribute to our sense of happiness is our ability to recall past experiences and the emotions associated with them. In this essay, we will explore the role of memories in shaping our understanding of happiness and overall well-being. Take a minute and focus on the word HAPPINESS. Now recall a happy moment or a moment that brings you joy and meditate on it. Allow yourself to savor the memory and the emotions that come with it. Now close your eyes and focus on that memory and the happiness it brings you. Take a break from reading and connect with a loved one or friend that is easy to talk to. Share your Happy Memory with them and discuss what happiness means to both of you. I will leave the light on for you. Welcome back. Do you have a better understanding of what HAPPINESS is, and how memories play a role in it? In a span of several seconds the 97 words you read were internally processed while other thought streams (trains of thought) were simultaneously processing stimuli you chose to perceive. As you read and contemplate these words, your brain functions as a highly sophisticated cognitive machine, processing, interpreting, and assimilating the information in real-time. It seamlessly integrates your existing knowledge, experiences, and emotions with the new content presented before you. Personal experiences, beliefs, and values intertwine with the context of what I have written to construct a unique lens through which you view the world. This amalgamation of factors serves as a foundational perspective through which you process and make sense of the information I have presented to you. It becomes a perspective (frame of reference) through which you uniquely shape your understanding, biases, and interpretations of this content, allowing you to relate it to your own life experiences, cultural background, and deeply held beliefs. Your unique perspective acts as a cognitive filter that influences your understanding, biases, and interpretations of the content, allowing you to connect it to your own life experiences, cultural background, and deeply held beliefs. In the exploration of happiness, we come to realize that it is not merely a fleeting emotion, but a profound connection between our past memories, present experiences, and the frame of reference through which we perceive the world. Happiness becomes a source of joy and contentment, intertwining our positive beliefs, values, and experiences, shaping a unique perspective that enriches our lives with positivity and fulfillment. Understanding this interplay empowers us to cherish the moments of happiness, allowing them to bloom and flourish in our hearts, creating a tapestry of happiness woven from the threads of positivity in our lives. Discussing these memories with loved ones can help to deepen our understanding of what happiness means to us and them through their frame of reference. It can also help us connect with others and strengthen our relationships. Memories can shape our perceptions and experiences of happiness, as they provide a way for us to relive positive experiences and emotions we shared with them. Additionally, reflecting on happy memories can help us cultivate a more positive outlook and attitude towards life. As historical context intertwines with individual experiences, our perception of happiness evolves into a mutually beneficial interplay, where the past and the present harmoniously come together. Did you take notice of the phrase, 'I will leave the light on for you'? This phrase I shared is a metaphor to express support, comfort, and reassurance. It suggests that you are not alone and that someone is there for you, both literally and metaphorically. From my perspective, it serves as a powerful metaphor that conveys a profound sense of support, comfort, and reassurance. This metaphorical expression symbolizes that a guiding light is always present, ready to illuminate the path during challenging times. This metaphor encapsulates the idea that in moments of darkness, there is always a source of hope and comfort, reminding us that we are not alone on our journey through life. From my frame of reference, "I will leave the light on for you" is a phrase that holds a special personal connection for me as it reminds me of a happy childhood memory. It illustrates how memories can evoke positive emotions and bring happiness. The instruction to recall a happy memory, meditate on it, and share it with a loved one is intended to help deepen our understanding of the role of memories in shaping our understanding of happiness. It's also an example of how a happy memory can connect with others, like the nostalgic advertisement slogan of "Motel 6: We will leave the light on for you." The slogan was first introduced in the 1980s, and it is intended to convey a message of welcoming and comfort to travelers. The slogan has become synonymous with the Motel 6 brand and is one of the most recognizable and memorable slogans in the hotel industry. The slogan has been used in various forms of media, including television commercials, billboards, print ads and more. The slogan is often cited as an example of successful and long-lasting advertising, due to its ability to connect with its target audience and evoke positive emotions. 'I will leave the light on for you' appeals to a broad audience by conveying comfort, support, guidance, and the hope of gaining wisdom and understanding. My parents often used this phrase to offer a message of reassurance and comfort. The symbol of light instilled in me a sense of protection and support, even during my darkest of moments. My parents' willingness to leave the light on let me know that they would be there for me if I needed them. In many cultures and religions, light is seen as a symbol of divine knowledge, guidance, and truth, representing the idea of gaining insight, clarity, and understanding. I selected the phrase 'I will leave the light on for you' to signify that this essay will be readily accessible to you whenever you feel prepared to revisit it. My objective is to impart the wisdom I have gained and guide you through life's challenges and uncertainties, lighting the way towards peace and clarity. We Bring Good Things to Light Bringing good things to light and creating positive change in the world is a complex and challenging endeavor that cannot be achieved by individuals like ourselves alone. Collective action involves individuals, organizations, and communities working together towards a common goal, pooling their resources, skills, and knowledge, and supporting each other in their pursuits. Take a break from reading and meditate on how bringing good things to light requires collective effort and a shared commitment to positive change. Welcome back. Do you have a better understanding of what WE BRING GOOD THINGS TO LIGHT is, and how your brain processes it? Recalling episodes, shows, and advertisement slogans is an important aspect of human memory that enables us to remember past experiences, make decisions, and preserve personal preferences. However, this ability is not limited to these things alone, as we can also recall names and faces of people, locations and places, historical events, personal experiences and emotions, music, poems and literature, art, movies and photographs, physical sensations and smells, beliefs, values and opinions, skills and habits, and even dreams and nightmares. For businesses, it's crucial to recall advertisement slogans in order to maintain brand awareness and increase the likelihood of consumer engagement and conversion. The practice of using everyday phrases or idioms and transforming them into taglines is a type of advertising technique known as "sloganization" or "sloganizing." Sloganization involves taking a familiar phrase or expression and adapting it to fit a particular brand or product, with the goal of creating a catchy, memorable tagline that will resonate with consumers. This technique can be highly effective, as it allows advertisers to tap into the cultural and linguistic references that people are already familiar with, and use them to create a connection with the brand or product being advertised. 'We Bring Good Things to Light' was a tagline used by General Electric in its advertising campaigns in the 1970s and 1980s to convey the company's commitment to innovation and its goal to bring positive change and improvement to people's lives through its products and services. The phrase "Good Things to Light" was intended to highlight the company's focus on providing innovative lighting solutions and to emphasize its dedication to quality and innovation in the lighting industry. The "We Bring Good Things to Life" campaign was one of the most successful advertising campaigns in history and helped to establish GE as one of the world's most innovative and forward-thinking companies. Phrases like this been used in a variety of contexts throughout history to describe the act of bringing something positive or beneficial to light. For example, the phrase could have been used by writers, artists, or musicians to describe their creative process and the act of bringing their ideas or work to a wider audience. Alternatively, the phrase could have been used in religious or spiritual contexts, perhaps to describe the act of bringing forth or revealing spiritual or moral truths. Other examples of successful slogans that have been created through sloganization include "Just Do It" for Nike, "I'm Lovin' It" for McDonald's, and "Think Different" for Apple. These slogans have become so well-known and associated with their respective brands that they have entered the public consciousness and are often used in everyday speech, even by people who are not customers of those brands. The Role of Positive Memories in Emotional Well-being I truly believe that our ability to control and manage emotions through positive memories can be a significant factor in achieving and maintaining happiness. Research suggests that happy people tend to have more positive memories and are able to recall them more easily, which can help to improve their overall mood and emotional well-being. The study published in the journal Emotion in 2017, titled "Resilience and Positive Emotions: Examining the Role of Emotional Memories" found that people with higher levels of resilience (mental toughness) tend to have more positive emotional memories and are better able to recall them. The study suggests that the ability to recall positive memories can act as a buffer against stress and contribute to overall well-being. Additionally, the study found that people who practice mindfulness and other techniques for regulating emotions also have an easier time recalling positive memories, suggesting that these practices can also play a role in building resilience and promoting happiness. The study "Reminiscing about positive memories buffers acute stress responses," published in the journal "Nature Human Behaviour," explores the idea that recalling happy memories can help to reduce the body's stress response. The study was conducted by Megan E. Speer and Mauricio R. Delgado, who used two experiments to investigate whether recalling positive memories can dampen the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis stress response. In the first experiment, the researchers found that participants who were asked to recall positive memories before being exposed to a stressor (trigger, cause, or source of stress) had lower cortisol (a stress hormone) levels than those who were not asked to recall memories. In the second experiment, the researchers found that the act of recalling positive memories before a stressor also led to lower blood pressure and heart rate responses to the stressor. Overall, the study suggests that reminiscing about positive memories can have a buffering effect on the body's stress response. This means that people who are able to recall positive memories in the face of stress may be better able to cope with that stress and potentially reduce negative effects on their physical and mental health. Cherished Smells and Tastes Every fourth Thursday in November, my family and I would gather at my Aunt and Uncle's house to celebrate the American tradition of Thanksgiving. As we walked in, the warm and inviting aromas of turkey and freshly baked pumpkin pie greeted us. The kitchen was alive with activity as my relatives put the finishing touches on the bountiful meal. The warm, spicy scents of cinnamon, nutmeg, ginger, and allspice filled the air, comingling with the earthy aromas of herbs, spices, and turkey roasting tantalized my nose. As I walked into the kitchen, giving hugs to my loved ones, my attention was immediately drawn to the oven light that was on. I caught a glimpse of the heavenly golden, crispy skin of the radiant turkey through the window. My mouth began to water as I took in the sight. I then turned to the pumpkin pies on the counter. Each one was a perfectly buttery, flaky golden brown crust filled with a deep, rich orange custard reminiscent of the autumn season. At that moment, I want to break the smooth and glossy pie surface with my fork. Each pie was a work of art, perfectly dusted with a sprinkle of cinnamon on top. A warm, comforting aroma of sugar and butter was released as they cooled. If by chance I happen to inhale the warm, comforting aromas of roasting turkey, pumpkin pie, and other traditional Thanksgiving dishes, it's like a divine intervention has occurred. Instantly, I am transported back to a place of nostalgia and happiness. The scents have the power to awaken memories of cherished Thanksgivings spent with my loved ones. I am reminded of the laughter, love, and warmth of those special moments spent together, as the dishes were passed clockwise around the fancy dining room table. Filling our plates with the traditional meal of turkey, mashed potatoes, gravy, stuffing, dressing, cranberry sauce, roasted vegetables, green beans, and fresh warm dinners rolls evokes a deep sense of gratitude and appreciation for the blessings in my life. Before our holiday meal. The family joined hands and said the Thanksgiving Meal Prayer. My Uncle would get everyone together. "Now its time for Grace." I can picture us all gathered around the table, heads bowed in reverence as we offered our gratitude to the Lord for the bounty of food presented on the table before us. The sight and sound of everyone reciting the grace in unison is still vivid in my mind. Bless us O' Lord and these Thy Gifts which we are about to receive from Thy Bounty through Christ our Lord. Amen It was a beautiful moment of unity and thanksgiving, a time where we came together as a family to give thanks for all that we had been blessed with. I can still feel the warmth and love in the room, and the memories of those special times will forever be cherished in my heart. Grace is a prayer or blessing said before or after a meal, usually to ask for blessings and to give thanks for the food and people that prepared it. The origin of the prayer is not definitively known. However, it is commonly referred to as a table grace or a mealtime blessing and is used by Christians to give thanks for food before a meal. It is believed to have originated from early Christian practices of giving thanks before meals, which have been influenced by Jewish tradition. Grace is a common tradition in many cultures and religions share in offerings Thanksgiving and is a way to express gratitude for the sustenance and nourishment provided. The wording and specific details of a grace prayer can vary, but they all generally serve the same purpose of asking for blessings and giving thanks. I have learned that in Jewish tradition, the giving of thanks before a meal is known as Birkat Hamazon, which translates to "Blessing for the Nourishment". The prayer is recited after eating bread, and thanks God for the sustenance provided. It expresses gratitude for God's blessings, the Land of Israel, and the community of Israel. The prayer is an integral part of Jewish life and is considered a way of acknowledging God's role in sustaining life. The prayer is recited in both individual and communal settings, such as during the Passover Seder, and is an opportunity for Jews to reflect on their blessings and express gratitude. The Jewish tradition of giving thanks before a meal has influenced other religious practices, including the Christian tradition of saying grace before meals. In Islam, the act of giving thanks before meals is also considered an important tradition. This practice is referred to as "dua" and involves reciting a specific prayer before eating. The prayer expresses gratitude to Allah for the blessings of food and sustenance. The act of giving thanks before meals is seen as a way to acknowledge the blessings that Allah has provided, and to seek his continued guidance and support. It is considered an act of worship, and is a reminder of the importance of being thankful and humble in all aspects of life. The Islamic tradition of giving thanks before meals is an integral part of the faith, and is an important aspect of the daily life of Muslims around the world. it's common to associate certain memories, emotions, and experiences with certain scents, especially those related to food. The scent of traditional Thanksgiving dishes can evoke strong memories and emotions. The act of saying a prayer before a meal is a common tradition in many cultures and religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, as a way of expressing gratitude for the food and blessings in one's life. After finishing our meal, we would all gather in the living room to watch the Washington Redskins (Now called the Commanders) take on the Dallas Cowboys on television. During the game family member were sharing stories, jokes and reminiscing about good times on a turkey tryptophan high. As we all started to relax and doze off, my Aunt presented us each with a generous slice of pumpkin pie with a dollop of whipped cream on top, providing a much-needed boost of energy to counteract the drowsiness caused by the tryptophan. As I took a bite of my Aunt's homemade pie, I was greeted with a burst of flavors that tantalized my taste buds. The flaky crust was perfectly crisp and buttery, providing a satisfying crunch with each bite. The filling was rich and velvety, with a delicate balance of sweet and savory spices. The whipped cream on top added a creamy and sweet contrast, making each bite an explosion of flavors in my mouth. The pumpkin pie was a perfect ending to our Thanksgiving meal and a reminder of the love and tradition that is an integral part of this holiday. I am wishing that I had a piece of that pumpkin right now. The association between the smell of food and the tradition of giving thanks is rooted in the sense of anticipation and excitement that often precedes a meal. The scent of delicious dishes cooking wafts through the air, stirring up hunger and making the mouth water. As people gather around the table to partake in the feast, the act of saying grace serves as a reminder of all that has been provided for them, and of all the people who have worked to prepare the meal. It is a moment of reflection, of gratitude, and of hope for continued abundance. In this way, the aroma of food serves as a powerful symbol of the communal act of breaking bread and sharing a meal. It is a reminder that even as people nourish their bodies with sustenance, they are also nourishing their hearts and minds with the warmth and love of community. Whether one is saying a prayer before a meal, or simply savoring the scent of food, the experience of gathering together to break bread is a time-honored tradition that has been an integral part of many cultures for centuries. "You put your left foot in You take your left foot out You put your left foot in And you shake it all about.... When I hear the lyrics of the "Hokey Pokey" it triggers memories of the family weddings I had attended in the past where the song was played. All the guests at the reception hall would form a circle. My brain connects those songs with my cousin calling out the dance steps and lead our group through the song. The simple and repetitive nature of the song and dance steps make it easy for everyone to remember and participate, regardless of their age or dance experience. I can see my family and participating and having a good time together. I especially remember enjoying watching the older adults laughing as they brought their own unique and endearing style to the dance. The fun atmosphere was a great ice breaker that helped me interact and get to know other guests. The Hokey Pokey is easy to remember because of its simple and repetitive lyrics, making it easy for people of all ages to join in and sing along. Music connected to specific events or experiences is a phenomenon known as a "musical memory." This is why songs can have a powerful ability to evoke memories and emotions. Listening to music that reminds us of positive experiences or happy moments can boost our mood, reduce stress and anxiety, and even improve our overall sense of well-being. Research has shown that music can activate the release of feel-good chemicals in the brain, such as dopamine, which can help to improve our mood and make us feel more relaxed and content. Furthermore, sharing music memories with others can also be a powerful way to strengthen social connections and build deeper emotional bonds with others. It can act as a conversation starter and a way to reminisce on shared experiences, making it an important element in building social relationships and maintaining social support networks. Putting Reason in front of Emotions Emotions are a natural part of being human, and they can provide valuable insights and motivation. However, they can also be influenced by personal biases, past experiences, and societal pressures, potentially leading us astray from making well-informed choices. Prioritizing reason allows us to transcend the limitations of our emotions and make decisions that are grounded in a broader understanding of the situation. Truth is the Essence of Reality In the dynamic complexity of the present moment, the pursuit of truth stands as an enduring endeavor. The ever-shifting circumstances continually shape our understanding of truth, inviting us to embrace its inherent malleability. This openness enables us to approach the world with open minds, engaging in constructive dialogue that deepens our comprehension of the multifaceted reality that surrounds us. In this essay, we delve into the significance of this pursuit, exploring how the recognition of truth's fluid nature fosters a more inclusive and comprehensive understanding of our constantly evolving world. The quest for truth has been an integral aspect of human history, driving scientific advancements, philosophical inquiries, and the search for deeper meaning. As we progress through time, we encounter new challenges and experiences that prompt us to reevaluate our perspectives and beliefs. The truths we once held dear may evolve, accommodating fresh insights and discoveries that expand our collective knowledge. In the digital age, where information flows ceaselessly, the pursuit of truth takes on new dimensions. We are bombarded with an avalanche of data, opinions, and narratives, and distinguishing between what is true and what is false becomes a critical task. The speed and ease of communication have transformed the dissemination of information, enabling unprecedented access to diverse perspectives. The concept of truth has evolved to be more adaptable and responsive to the ever-shifting circumstances we encounter. This new present truth calls for open-mindedness, a willingness to reassess our beliefs, and a continuous engagement with new insights and perspectives that emerge with time and experiences. It also implies that our pursuit of truth should be flexible and capable of accommodating the nuances and complexities that arise in the face of constant change. Yet, this ease also presents challenges, as misinformation and distorted truths can quickly circulate and influence public opinion. However, there is a greater chance of following a fluid present truth may lead us astray, presenting a mirage of clarity that vanishes with each passing moment. Without a fixed point of reference, the concept of present truth can become a tool for exploitation, leading to a proliferation of misinformation and deception. In this realm of ambiguity and ever-changing perspectives, the pursuit of truth requires a discerning mind and a critical eye. Focusing only on present truth carries the risk of relativism, where truth becomes subjective and loses its objective anchor. We must be wary of falling into the trap of complacency, assuming that our understanding of present truth is infallible. Instead, we should strive for a nuanced understanding that embraces the complexities and shades of gray inherent in contemporary existence. The dangers of corruption of principles arise when engaging in discussions with individuals who may intentionally or unintentionally manipulate the conversation to mislead or deceive others. Gaslighting is a manipulative tactic used by some people to gain power or control over others. It involves distorting facts, presenting false information, or manipulating the narrative to create doubt and confusion in the minds of their audience. As a result, individuals may question their own judgment, principles, and even their sense of reality. In the context of discussions about truth and principles, gaslighting can be particularly harmful. When individuals engage in gaslighting, they intentionally distort information, use rhetorical tactics, and present false narratives to undermine the beliefs and perceptions of others. This manipulation can lead to a distortion of truth and principles, resulting in misunderstandings and the acceptance of harmful beliefs. By diverting attention away from the core principles being discussed, gaslighting creates confusion and undermines the clarity essential for constructive dialogue and mutual understanding. To safeguard against the corrosive effects of gaslighting on shared principles and values, it is crucial to be aware of these manipulative tactics. Maintaining a healthy skepticism, fact-checking information, and seeking multiple sources of information can help identify and counter gaslighting attempts. Promoting open and honest dialogue based on respect and empathy can create a safe space for discussing differing perspectives while protecting principles from manipulation and corruption. Recognizing gaslighting is crucial for protecting one's mental well-being and maintaining a firm grasp on reality. By studying the past, we can trace the societal changes that have shaped our present values, norms, and institutions. This understanding is essential for fostering social progress and cohesion built on a solid foundation amidst the ever-changing landscape of human existence. Enduring principles offer invaluable clarity, stability, and certainty. They serve as moral and ethical anchors that effectively guide individuals and societies through life's complexities. Just as fundamental equations in science prove their reliability over time, enduring principles provide a stable foundation in the ever-changing human existence. Embracing these principles gives individuals a sense of direction and intentionality, fostering a deeper connection to their values and a profound sense of responsibility towards others and the greater good. Testing the Truth of Accepted Principles Today's world takes pragmatic approach to truth is closely related to the idea of "truth in the making." Truth is not seen as something static and absolute but rather as an ongoing process of inquiry and verification. As new experiences and insights emerge, our understanding of truth may evolve, and what was once considered true may be subject to revision based on the practical outcomes it produces. By emphasizing the importance of a discerning mind and critical eye, pragmatism encourages individuals to evaluate beliefs and actions based on their practical consequences and long-term implications. An example of pragmatic truth can be found in scientific inquiry. In science, hypotheses and theories are considered true when they successfully explain and predict natural phenomena and produce practical applications. However, these truths are subject to revision or rejection if new evidence emerges that challenges their validity. The scientific community encourages constant questioning, skepticism, and openness to revision. The practicality of this approach lies in its ability to adapt to changing circumstances and refine our understanding of the world. Scientific theories and paradigms that were once considered true have been challenged and revised as new discoveries emerged. The willingness to embrace change and update beliefs in light of new evidence exemplifies the practicality of pragmatic truth as a dynamic and responsive process. Finding Truth in the Past In this ever-changing flow of existence, there emerges the concept of an enduring permanent Truth. The essence of this Truth is that it endures amidst the ceaseless flux of existence. It resides in our the past "as it actually transpired," unfettered by the biases of the historian or the dominant ideologies of their era. However, the investigation of this Historical Truth requires a markedly different approach compared to the natural sciences. Whereas natural sciences can often construct controlled experiments to validate their hypotheses, historians and theologians are not granted this advantage. Withing the field of Historical Sciences, technology has emerged as a vital ally. Techniques such as virtual reality, 3D modeling, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have the capacity to resurrect and explore our past in a way that has been previously inconceivable. These techniques allow us not only to reconstruct physical artifacts and architectural structures from bygone eras, but also to simulate and traverse past landscapes and environments. Additionally, we are at the dawn of the promising role that Artificial Intelligence (AI) has to play. AI can assist in the prediction and modeling of historical events by scrutinizing data from various sources and generating probable outcomes anchored in established patterns. Such predictive models can be instrumental in understanding the mechanisms underlying historical events and the way they unfolded. They help in revealing and reconstructing the past, thereby adding another layer to our comprehension of the Historical Truth. These technological advances, while a boon, are only tools that facilitate a deeper understanding of the past. Still, The critical analysis, empathy, and cultural context that form the basis of historical interpretation ultimately lie in our human brain. At this point, AI does not have the ability to understand or comprehend the implications of bias in the way we humans do, and therefore it doesn't have the capability to consciously introduce or remove bias from its responses. AI systems can inadvertently reflect or amplify biases present in their training data or algorithms. For example, if the team using bounding boxes to categorize information in historical documents does so in a biased way, or if the historical documents themselves contain biases, the AI system trained on this data might generate outputs that reflect these biases. Hence, while AI can be a powerful tool in historical research, it is still necessary to apply human critical thinking skills to the analysis and interpretation of the results it produces. Even with Artificial Intelligence and modern technology our understanding the past is inevitably influenced by the available sources, personal interpretations, and the cultural and intellectual context of our era. Historians must rely on sources that survive from the past, which can be incomplete, biased, or subject to various interpretations. This also includes influences from modern phenomena like social media, which, while broadening access to diverse perspectives and accounts, can also present challenges such as misinformation or oversimplification of complex issues. As new evidence surfaces, or as historians adopt innovative analytical methods and perspectives, our interpretation of past events may undergo change. Consequently, while rooted in objectivity, our understanding of historical truth remains a dynamic concept subject to ongoing refinement and evolution, continually impacted by the evolving methods of communication and information dissemination in our digital age. I believe the Absolute Truth to be objective and unchanging, representing a fundamental reality that exists independent of our subjective experiences. However, our perception of Truth can be influenced by various factors such as our personal biases, limited perspectives, and evolving knowledge and understanding. Our interpretation and understanding of Truth can evolve over time as we gain new insights, gather more information, and engage in critical thinking. Therefore, while Truth itself may be considered constant and unchanging, our perception and interpretation of Truth can be subject to change and refinement as we expand our understanding and deepen our awareness. Faith in the Generative Force of Absolute Truth In the realm of spiritual exploration and anthropological understanding, faith becomes an embodiment of deep-seated confidence, not unlike a mariner's faith in his compass amidst an uncharted sea. As a Cultural Anthropologist, I propose a perspective that interprets faith as an expression of deep confidence, a trust in the profound mystery of Truth that governs our universe. It is not the blind trust in fallible individuals who disregard Reason, but rather a profound trust in the the Generative Force of Eternal Reason that is encoded in the Design of Truth that underpins the fabric of existence. This Generative Force of Eternal Reason is likened to a true light, comparable to the sun, which is accessible to the intuition of every human being entering this world. I put Faith in absolute Truth and above all else. By embracing and seeking these higher ideals, there is no need to fear anyone or anything. In this tranquil space, Being baptized and confirmed in the Catholic Church I have had confidence to explore the world with the power of understanding my faith and allows me to uncover the multitudes of human beliefs and practices across the world. I regard Faith not as a simplistic concept, but as a profound assurance parallel to the confidence we vest in the laws of physics and the rigorous methods of science. Just as we trust these fundamental principles to explain the workings of our universe, I similarly place my trust in the Divine Design that I perceive as the very bedrock of existence. In both faith and science, there's a necessary degree of confidence or trust. For science, it's a confidence in the validity of its methods and principles; for faith, it's a confidence in the existence of a Divine power or Truth. I place my Faith in Absolute Truth above all else, trusting in the Divine that embodies this Truth. In my understanding, the Divine, as the Creator of all that is true and just, would not resort to deceit. It's this unshakeable belief that guides my explorations as a Catholic Anthropologist, grounding me in the conviction that the pursuit of Truth, in all its forms, leads us closer to understanding the Divine itself. From an Atheist perspective, this steadfast confidence parallels the pursuit of empirical Truth, in all its manifestations, brings us nearer to comprehending the expansive intricacies of the universe itself. Both require a leap of trust into the unseen, whether it be abstract scientific theories or the concept of a divine Truth, and both guide our understanding of the world around us. When we examine Faith through the lens of the scientific law of belief, intriguing parallels emerge. Faith can be understood as a belief system influenced by a combination of personal experiences, cultural conditioning, social interactions, and subjective interpretations. Like scientific beliefs, faith is shaped by evidence that is often subjective or experiential and reasoning processes that vary among individuals. Moreover, faith exhibits patterns that align with the scientific law of belief. Just as scientific beliefs can be subject to revision or refinement as new evidence emerges, faith can evolve as individuals gain new insights or have transformative experiences. Additionally, both scientific beliefs and faith can provide a framework for understanding and navigating the world, guiding individuals in their interpretations and interactions. Scientific laws are derived from scientific theories and are often expressed mathematically or through concise statements. They provide a framework for understanding and predicting natural phenomena, and they are fundamental to the scientific method. Similarly, confidence in empirical truths is built upon a foundation of trust and belief in the reliability and validity of empirical evidence and observations. Just as scientific laws summarize empirical evidence and observations, allowing scientists to make predictions and formulate hypotheses, confidence in empirical truths allows individuals to rely on the robustness and consistency of empirical data in their decision-making and understanding of the world. All physical and mental phenomena that we can experience or perceive, whether it is a tangible object, a thought, an emotion, or any other aspect of our subjective and objective reality are inherently characterized by change and impermanence. Recognizing the impermanence of all things implies that both positive and negative experiences, as well as the people and situations associated with them, are subject to change. This understanding has encouraged me to focus on the positive aspects of my life experiences, seeking out the good in people and situations. By doing so, I try to cultivate a mindset that acknowledges the transitory nature of both pleasant and challenging circumstances. Truth through an Astronomer's Frame of Reference Astronomy can be considered a branch of Absolute Truth, a type of empirical knowledge that is derived from direct observations and measurements of celestial objects and phenomena. For thousands of years astronomers have been gathering empirical evidence by observing and analyzing the light, radiation, and other signals emitted or reflected by celestial bodies. This observational data forms the basis of our understanding of the cosmos and helps uncover the physical properties, behaviors, and interactions of celestial objects. By examining the patterns and regularities in these observations, astronomers have developed theories and models to explain the workings of the universe. While our understanding of astronomy is constantly evolving, it is firmly grounded in the empirical evidence obtained through rigorous observation and analysis. Just like a star, Truth exists independently of our subjective experiences and perceptions. It is there, whether we are observing it or not, and regardless of how we perceive it. I remember as a little boy the comforting rhythm of my mother's voice, gently singing the lullaby "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star." Her soothing melody served as a transformative force, morphing my childish fear of the dark into a profound fascination and enduring love for the glittering celestial bodies above. Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star I have spent countless awe-inspiring moments, my eyes fixed upon the celestial spectacle that unfolds above every evening. A vast and eternal canvas adorned with twinkling stars, it has captivated humanity since time immemorial. With each glance skyward, I am reminded of the profound mysteries that lie within the depths of the cosmos, waiting to be unraveled. Each heavenly body, with its own enigmatic essence, weaves an intricate tapestry, inviting us to partake in the timeless quest for understanding. In the face of the boundless expanse stretching before us, we are inevitably confronted with existential questions that stir within our souls, an insatiable yearning for knowledge that transcends our earthly confines. Who are we amidst the grandeur of the cosmos? What is our place among the countless celestial entities that grace the night sky? These profound inquiries ignite a flame of exploration, compelling us to embark upon a journey that traverses the realms of science, philosophy, and spirituality. As we delve deeper into these realms, we find ourselves contemplating our place within its grandeur. Who are we, mere specks in the face of countless celestial entities that adorn the night sky? These profound questions ignite an insatiable curiosity within us, urging us to embark on a captivating journey that spans the realms of science, philosophy, and spirituality. As we delve deeper into these realms, our quest to unravel the secrets whispered by the stars becomes eternal. I still remember, as a child, pondering the nature of these celestial bodies. As I gazed at the night sky, I couldn't help but wonder if there were other children in far-off corners of the galaxy, looking back at my world with the same sense of wonder and curiosity. As I grew I came to humbly perceive my place, a fleeting fragment amid the grandeur of the cosmic panorama, a brushstroke upon the canvas of existence. Yet, in this humble realization, we uncover a profound truth, our very being is intricately interwoven with the celestial ballet that unfolds across the heavens. It is within this cosmic symphony that we find solace, embracing the delicate threads that bind us to the stars. Though they shimmer with a seemingly unattainable brilliance, the celestial luminaries transcend the confines of our earthly realm. They cast their radiant glow upon us, offering beacons of inspiration, enticing us to transcend the boundaries of our daily lives and expand our horizons. In their resplendent splendor, they evoke in us a sense of wonder, awe, and an insatiable yearning for exploration, reminding us of the limitless possibilities that lie beyond our immediate confines. I imagine early astronomers stood in awe, their eyes lifted towards the heavens, marveling at the radiant ballet unfolding above with similar questions as my own. Do these celestial bodies have a life of their own, with thoughts and emotions similar to mine? And if not, what role did they play in the magnificent design of the universe? Within the boundaries of our earthly frame of reference, the star gazer witnessed the graceful movements of the same celestial bodies, as they glide across the vast expanse of a clear night sky. Who choreographed this celestial dance of sublime beauty. Through meticulous recording of their observations astronomers made a profound insight, these celestial bodies exhibit regular and predictable motion, rotating around a fixed point in the night sky, which they named the celestial pole. This led to the development of the concept of the celestial sphere, an imaginary sphere with Earth at its center, upon which the stars seemed to be projected. Furthermore, through their meticulous observations, early astronomers discovered that certain celestial bodies, such as the Sun and Moon, faithfully followed predictable paths across the sky. These sky gazers astutely discerned the cyclic nature of their movements, unveiling a cosmic dance that inspired awe and curiosity. This newfound understanding empowered them to develop calendars, marking the passage of time and foreseeing celestial events like eclipses with astonishing accuracy. In their tireless pursuit of unraveling the mysteries of the cosmos, these early astronomers laid the very cornerstone for the birth of astronomy as a scientific discipline. Their unwavering dedication ignited a flame within humanity—an enduring spark that has traversed time, inspiring countless generations to embark on a resolute quest for knowledge. The echoes of their calling continue to beckon us, urging us to explore the limitless realms of the heavens and unlock the secrets that the stars so brilliantly hold. Imagining the Sun as a Celestial Being The sun, that radiant symbol of warmth and light, has always captured the imagination of my youthful days. Like an artist with a canvas, I would take my pencil or paintbrush in hand and bring forth my own version of this celestial wonder. With each stroke, I reveled in the simplicity and joy that came from creating my interpretation of the sun's brilliance. The ritual of creating my own version of the sun was a sacred dance between my imagination and the blank sheet of paper before me. My first move was to draw a perfect circle, the foundation upon which my sun would come to life. It was a symbol of wholeness, a miniature universe encapsulated within that humble shape. Then, with eager anticipation, I added the rays. They burst forth from the circle like vibrant fireworks, reaching out in all directions as if to touch every corner of the world. Each ray was a tiny triangle, like a miniature arrow pointing towards the heavens, carrying the energy and warmth to the farthest reaches of my artwork. But the sun needed more than just rays to truly come alive. It needed a personality, a face that would radiate warmth and kindness. With a sense of awe, I carefully positioned two eyes within the circle, their gaze fixed on my creation unfolding before it. And beneath them, a smiling mouth that seemed pleased at what I had accomplished. With these simple additions, my sun transformed from a mere celestial body into a character that exuded joy and happiness. Through my drawings, I learned the power of imagination and the ability to find meaning in the simplest of things. The personified sun became a beacon of light in my artistic journey, illuminating my path with its radiant presence and reminding me of the beauty that exists within and around me. I imagine myself standing in the studio of a renowned artist in ancient Greece, surrounded by the scent of paint and the flickering light of oil lamps. In this moment, the artist stands before his amphora vase, deep in thought and contemplation. His eyes focused, his brush poised in mid-air, as he pondered how to capture the magnificence of the sun in all its radiant glory. With each deliberate stroke, he meticulously crafts an image that seemed to come alive before my eyes. With every stroke of the artist's skilled hand, the image grows more defined—a towering being adorned in armor of purest gold that shimmers and gleams like the radiant sun itself. It was as if the divine energy I had captured in my humble drawing of the sun had come to life, finding its rightful place on the majestic figure's helmet. Now, this embodiment of the sun's brilliance rode in a chariot of grandeur, pulled by magnificent golden horses that exuded an otherworldly aura. As the chariot raced across the sky, it seemed to ignite with fiery energy, leaving behind a trail of vibrant colors that danced and swirled in its wake. The sheer power and magnificence of this celestial procession were a sight to behold, captivating the imagination and stirring a sense of awe deep within. In that moment, I understood the artist's mastery—the ability to capture not only the physical form but also the essence of the sun's energy and vitality. The golden armor, the majestic chariot, and the fiery horses all merged to create a breathtaking spectacle that conveyed the immense power and splendor of the sun god. Unraveling Myths Through a Historical Lens In my narrative, "Imagining the Sun as a Celestial Being," I undertake an intellectual exploration of the sun's significance through a mythological and artistic lens. Throughout the essay, I emphasize my examination of the sun, drawing upon personal connection, imaginative contemplation, and historical context. Additionally, I touch upon my genuine appreciation for the sun's brilliance and enduring allure in human culture. In my creative interpretation of the sun, I draw inspiration from ancient myths, historical contexts, and cultural symbolism, expressing my understanding and emotions about the celestial body through my drawings and narrative. This form of interpretation allows me to establish a meaningful and imaginative connection with the subject matter, engrossing myself in a deeper engagement with the celestial entity. Myths have captivated human imagination for centuries, serving as vehicles for cultural expression, moral teachings, and explanations of natural phenomena. By approaching myths through a historical lens, historians can embark on a fascinating journey to unravel the truths and insights concealed within these captivating narratives. My personal journey of drawing the sun and envisioning the Greek artist allowed me to connect with the creative spirit of ancient times. It reminded me of the profound ways in which myths can touch our lives, encouraging us to explore the wonders of the cosmos and find our place within it. Within my depiction of the sun, I honored the historical and cultural heritage that inspired it. I paid homage to the remarkable contributions of ancient astronomers who skillfully made abstract notions of the sun relatable to ordinary people. Through their adept use of familiar language and imagery, these wise astronomers successfully bridged the gap between humanity and the vast cosmos, allowing us to grasp the awe-inspiring magnitude of our celestial surroundings unfolding before us each day. My depiction of a perfect circle as the foundation of the sun represents its fundamental form and symbolic significance to all of us. The addition, the rays emanating from the circle signifies the sun's emission of light and energy in all directions. The rays emanating from this circle represent our understanding that the sun radiates its luminous warmth, illuminates our solar system, and nurtures life here on Earth. In my creative endeavor, I carefully intertwine additional imagery of a man wearing a helmet adorned with my sun symbol, aiming to establish a meaningful connection between my emotions, imagination, and understanding of the sun. This symbolic representation exemplifies how ancient astronomers ingeniously employed mythology and artistic expression to make abstract concepts more relatable, adding a human touch to the celestial realm. The description of the chariot igniting with fiery energy and leaving behind a trail of vibrant colors aligns with the phenomenon of the sun's changing position and the atmospheric effects it creates, such as the colors of sunrise and sunset. The imagery of the chariot's grandeur, pulled by golden horses, conveys the majesty and power associated with the sun's celestial presence. By equating the movement of the chariot with the sun's journey across the sky, my narrative underscores ancient understanding of the sun's daily transit and its connection to the cycle of day and night. It is my sincere hope that you, the reader, will appreciate this essay as a demonstration of how individuals, including myself, from diverse time periods and cultural backgrounds, engage with historical and mythological subjects. Through the lens of imagination, we explore the intricate tapestry of cultural symbolism and forge personal connections to these timeless themes. In doing so, we contribute to a deeper understanding of history's multifaceted nature. My earnest endeavor to explore ancient myths and historical narratives involves delving deeply into the enchanting realm of imaginative folklore, as I strive to unveil the concealed hidden truths, cultural insights, and scientific knowledge within these captivating tales. By recognizing myths as invaluable historical sources, my aim for us is to attain a profound comprehension of the ancient civilizations, comprehending their beliefs, customs, and worldviews. The meticulous process of careful analysis, cross-cultural comparisons, and critical evaluation enables us to forge a profound connection with the wisdom of the past and discern the timeless truths that myths endeavored to convey across the expanse of time and space. This captivating journey of discovery serves as a conduit to bridge the gap between myth and history, effectively illuminating the enigmatic mysteries of our shared human heritage. It is important to recognize that myths are not mere flights of fancy but are deeply rooted in the beliefs, customs, and historical events of the cultures that created them. As such, myths provide valuable sources of historical and scientific information, shedding light on ancient civilizations and their worldviews. By delving into myths, we can piece together a mosaic of the past, painting a more nuanced and comprehensive picture of ancient societies. In the scholarly pursuit of unraveling myths, historians employ a meticulous and systematic approach. They commence by studying the myth itself, carefully analyzing its characters, events, and symbolism. They then seek to understand the cultural context in which the myth emerged, exploring the religious beliefs, social practices, and historical circumstances that shaped its creation. By situating the myth within its historical framework, historians can gain insights into the values, aspirations, and challenges of the society that produced it. One of the key aspects of unraveling myths is identifying and interpreting the symbolic elements embedded within the narratives. Myths are rich in symbolism, using metaphors, allegories, and archetypal figures to convey deeper meanings. Historians analyze these symbols, decoding their significance and connecting them to broader historical and cultural contexts. Through this process, myths transform from mere stories into gateways to understanding the collective consciousness of ancient civilizations. Cross-cultural comparisons play a crucial role in unraveling myths. By examining similar stories from different cultures, historians and anthropologist like myself can discern universal themes, motifs, and archetypes that transcend specific societies. This comparative analysis illuminates the shared human experiences and the timeless truths embedded within myths. It allows historians to discern the abstract concepts, moral lessons, and universal aspirations that myths sought to communicate across time and space. The interpretation of myths requires a nuanced understanding of historical speculation. Historians navigate the fine line between recognizing the imaginative and symbolic elements of myths while also discerning the historical truths they may contain. They critically evaluate the sources, cross-referencing multiple accounts, and examining different perspectives. This meticulous approach allows historians to separate fact from fiction, gradually uncovering the historical, cultural, and scientific insights hidden within the mythological narratives. In our journey of discovery, historians become explorers of the past, decoding the mysteries, and uncovering the truths concealed within myths. They illuminate the beliefs, aspirations, and struggles of ancient civilizations, allowing us to better understand the rich tapestry of human history. Through their work, myths cease to be mere legends; they become windows into the hearts and minds of our ancestors. I hope the unraveling myths through a historical lens provides both of us a unique and enlightening perspective on ancient civilizations. By studying myths, historians embark on a quest to unravel the hidden truths and factual knowledge concealed within ancient narratives. While myths are often regarded as tales of gods, heroes, and fantastical events, historians approach them as valuable sources of historical and scientific information. They recognize that myths, although embellished with elements of imagination and symbolism, can offer glimpses into the beliefs, customs, and historical events of the cultures that created them. Unraveling a story to find the truth involves systematically examining the available evidence, sources, and context surrounding the narrative. This process includes identifying and analyzing primary and secondary sources, cross-referencing multiple accounts, considering the historical and cultural context, separating fact from fiction, engaging with scholarly research, and acknowledging the limitations of historical research. By critically evaluating the sources, comparing different perspectives, and filling gaps with informed speculation, a more accurate understanding of the truth can be attained. Like scientific theory, historical speculation serves the purpose of deepening our comprehension of the world we inhabit. Both respective fields involve the formulation of ideas or hypotheses, the critical analysis of evidence, and the pursuit of knowledge. Historians engage in historical speculation to investigate the past and unveil obscured narratives, while scientists employ scientific theories to unravel the workings of the natural world. Perspective on Hyperion's Legacy One such historian who delved into the realm of mythology to extract historical and scientific insights was Diodorus Siculus, also known as Diodorus of Sicily, an ancient Greek historian who lived during the 1st century BC. Diodorus is best known for his work called the "Bibliotheca Historica" or "Library of History." He aimed to provide a comprehensive narrative of the ancient world, starting from mythological times and extending to his own era. He drew from a variety of earlier sources, including historians, poets, and geographers, to construct his narrative. In the passages below, Diodorus adopts a unique approach in his exploration of the figure of Hyperion. Rather than regarding Hyperion solely as a mythical character, Diodorus endeavors to extract historical and scientific knowledge from the narratives surrounding him. He delves deep into the stories and accounts related to Hyperion, seeking to uncover insights that may possess a factual basis. In passage 66 of "Bibliotheca Historica", Diodorus Siculus acknowledges the mythical nature of the narrative he is about to recount, a tale passed down by the Cretans, the people of a civilization historically tied to the island of Crete. In ancient Greek literature and historical accounts, Diodorus, among other historians, used the term "Cretans" to denote the inhabitants of Crete. This term, in the context of ancient history, is often associated with the Minoan civilization, an advanced culture that flourished on the island. The term "Minoan," however, is a modern descriptor not used during Diodorus's time. It was introduced in the early 20th century by British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans following extensive excavations at Knossos. This term derives from the legendary King Minos, associated with the myth of the Labyrinth. Diodorus, it should be noted, did not differentiate between various historical periods of Crete's past, such as the Minoan era (circa 3000-1450 BC) or subsequent periods like the Mycenaean or Dorian Crete. To him, all inhabitants of Crete, across all epochs, were simply Cretans, underscoring the continuity of the island's cultural and historical identity. Diodorus establishes a clear distinction between myth and historical records. While he recognized the cultural and religious significance of myths, he also sought to differentiate between mythical narratives and verifiable historical facts. Thus, by categorizing the Titans as mythical beings, Diodorus indicates that their existence and actions should be interpreted within the framework of mythological storytelling rather than as concrete historical events. The Curetes and the Titans are significant figures in ancient Greek mythology. The Titans, as progenitors of the gods, represent an older order, primordial and mighty. The Curetes, on the other hand, are often associated with the upbringing of Zeus, one of the new Olympian gods who overthrew the Titans. Thus, when "the Curetes were young men, the Titans, as they are called," it signals a transitional period, a threshold between an ancient order and a new epoch. Cnosus, or Knossos, was the ancient capital of Crete and is most famous today for its archaeological sites, including the palace of King Minos, where according to Greek mythology, the labyrinth housing the Minotaur was located. The reference to the Titans dwelling in this area links the mythology of these primordial beings directly to a significant location in ancient Greece. It is important to recognize that Diodorus lived in a time before the advent of modern technology, such as computers and digital databases, which have greatly facilitated research and access to a vast array of information. Historians like Diodorus relied on written texts, oral traditions, and personal observations to gather information, often working with limited resources and the knowledge available to them at the time. Thus, the absence of certain details or variations in Diodorus's account may be attributed to the limitations and constraints of historical research during his era. In passage (67), Diodorus Siculus offers a fascinating perspective on Hyperion, one that portrays him not solely as a mythical deity, but as a historical figure of great significance. According to Diodorus, Hyperion was an early scholar in the field of astronomy who made notable advancements in understanding the celestial movements of the sun, the moon, the stars, as well as the seasonal variations. Diodorus suggests that Hyperion played a pivotal role in the development of astronomical knowledge during his time. If we consider the validity of Diodorus's account, the deification of Hyperion by the ancient Greeks takes on a new and profound significance. It can be seen as a means for the Greeks to honor and celebrate Hyperion's remarkable contributions to the realm of astronomy and his deep insights into the workings of the universe. By elevating him to the status of a divine figure, we can infer the Greeks sought to pay homage to his intellectual prowess and profound understanding of cosmic phenomena. The notion of deifying a historical figure like Hyperion underscores the ancient Greeks' reverence for knowledge and the pursuit of wisdom. It reflects their recognition of the immense value and impact of intellectual pursuits, particularly in fields such as astronomy that sought to unravel the mysteries of the cosmos. By attributing divine qualities to Hyperion, the Greeks sought to emphasize the sacred nature of knowledge and its potential to reveal the hidden wonders of the universe. The absence of verifiable historical evidence at this time prevents us from affirmatively stating that Hyperion was a historical individual. The attribution of astronomical discoveries to the Titan Hyperion can also indicate an early personification of knowledge and intellectual progress. Hyperion's diligence and observation could be also seen as a metaphor for the advancement of ancient Greek society and the value they placed on rational thought and exploration of natural phenomena. In this way, the ancient Greeks merged mythology and history, intertwining the realms of the mythical and the real to create a narrative that celebrated both the divine and the human. Hyperion's dual nature as a Titan and a scholar symbolizes the interconnectedness of myth and knowledge, underscoring the importance of intellectual pursuits in shaping their understanding of the world. Library of History Diodorus Siculus In Ovid's "Fasti," Hyperion is depicted as a divine being associated with the sun, rather than a historical figure or mortal turned deity. Ovid describes Hyperion as adorned with rays, symbolizing his connection to the sun's radiant light and divine power. The propitiation of Hyperion on January 9 is mentioned, where the Persians offered horses as sacrifices. This choice of animals reflects the association of swiftness and nobility with Hyperion, who represents the heavenly light. Ovid's portrayal of Hyperion in "Fasti" shows potential inspiration from elements of Mithra or Hvar Ksata, both radiant solar deities associated with the sun's journey across the sky. The parallel concept of a god driving a chariot across the celestial sphere can be observed in both descriptions. The significance of swift horses in the propitiation of Hyperion aligns with the depiction of Hvar Ksata, further suggesting a shared motif. The Romans practiced syncretism, incorporating gods and religious beliefs from conquered cultures into their own pantheon. This assimilation process aimed to integrate diverse cultures, maintain social stability, and accommodate different religious beliefs. As the Roman Empire expanded, encounters with various cultures and belief systems led to the adoption and incorporation of local gods and practices into the Roman religious framework. While there is no historical evidence to support the claim that Ovid personally traveled to Persia, it is likely that he acquired knowledge about Persian culture through secondary sources. Ovid lived in Rome during the reigns of Emperor Augustus and early Emperor Tiberius, primarily drawing upon his observations and understanding of Roman society, mythology, and cultural traditions. His references to Persian and Egyptian themes, figures, and customs may have come from earlier Greek and Roman literature, accounts of travelers, or interactions with individuals knowledgeable about these cultures. Ovid's expertise as a poet and mythographer allowed him to incorporate diverse mythological and cultural elements into his writings, creating a rich tapestry of narratives. Fasti Book I: January 9 Ovid The Khwarshed Yasht, a hymn dedicated to the sun in the Avesta, the sacred texts of Zoroastrianism. The passage highlights the significance of the undying, shining, and swift-horsed Sun and its role in the world. It emphasizes the purification and life-giving qualities associated with the sun's rise, cleansing the earth and its waters. The hymn also mentions the connection between offering sacrifices to the sun and invoking the protection of Ahura Mazda, the Amesha-Spentas, and one's own soul against darkness and negative forces. Ovid, a well-read and knowledgeable poet, likely had access to a diverse range of religious texts and traditions, including the Khorda Avesta. Given the emphasis on the sun's attributes and its significance in Zoroastrianism, it is plausible that Ovid's mention of Persia propitiating a solar deity might allude to the worship of the sun itself, be it through the deity Hvar Ksata or the later prominence of Mithra as a sun god in Persian culture. Both Hvar Ksata and Mithra held esteemed positions in the Persian pantheon and were associated with the powers and qualities attributed to the sun. In both the Hymn to the Sun and Fasti mention the attribute "swift" and "horse" to acknowledge the Sun's perceived movement across the sky with great speed. The convergence of Ovid's poetic works with the concepts present in the Khorda Avesta reveals an intriguing interplay between Roman and Persian beliefs, encompassing the solar deity's significance and its portrayal as a swift celestial force. Khorda Avesta Khwarshed Yasht ("Hymn to the Sun") Sacred Centers There are some places in this world that seem to exist in a realm of their own, where faith and history intertwine to create a tapestry of wonder. It's like they hold the key to unlocking the secrets of our existence. I am humbled by the devotion and the countless footsteps that have trodden upon these hallowed grounds. For it is here, in the embrace of these cities, that we glimpse the extraordinary potential of the human spirit, forever seeking solace and purpose in the great mysteries of life. My story begins with a city I never walked, but seen countless times through my Christian faith. Jerusalem, a city that has seen the rise and fall of empires, and where three great religions converge. In the old quarter, narrow streets wind through ancient stones, leading us through a mosaic of cultures and beliefs. The Western Wall stands tall, its cracks filled with the hopes and prayers of generations. And just beyond, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, where the air is thick with reverence and the echoes of centuries of devotion. Mecca, the heart and soul of Islam. It's a city that calls upon the faithful, summoning them to embark on a pilgrimage of profound significance—the Hajj. Millions of souls, draped in seamless white garments, converge upon this sacred land, moving in harmony like the stars in the night sky. The Kaaba, an ancient black stone, becomes the center of their universe, drawing them into a spiritual orbit, a celestial dance of devotion and surrender. In this tapestry of sacred cities we find ourselves caught between the realms of history, faith, and human yearning. These places hold the stories of our ancestors and the aspirations of generations to come. They are reminders that, despite the vastness of time and the diversity of beliefs, there is a common thread that weaves through the human experience—the pursuit of meaning, connection, and transcendence. Constructing the Temple of the Sun I like to imagine the distant realm of On/Heliopolis. A land bathed in golden hues, where towering obelisks reach for the heavens. This is a city that worshipped the sun, its rays casting a divine glow upon the grand temples dedicated to the mighty Ra. The Great Temple of Ra stands as a testament to the ancient beliefs and rituals, where pilgrims sought enlightenment in the warm embrace of the sun's radiance. Before there were any buildings, an Egyptian architect stood amidst a vast expanse of golden sand, a canvas awaiting its transformation. With his arms outstretched, he seemed to channel the very energy of the sun, drawing inspiration from its radiance and warmth. His eyes, filled with determination, scanned the horizon, envisioning the grandeur that would soon rise from the desert. I watched in awe as the architect's skilled hands moved with precision and purpose, breathing life into the vision of this magnificent city. The lines he drew carried the weight of ancient wisdom, tracing the outlines of grand structures that would one day rise to the heavens. Every curve and angle seemed to hold a hidden harmony, a sacred geometry that echoed the order of the cosmos. As the lines began to intersect and intertwine, the blueprint of the city took shape. Magnificent temples and palaces emerged, their facades adorned with intricate patterns and embellishments. The precision with which the architect delineated every detail spoke of an intimate knowledge of cultural symbols and religious iconography, honoring the spiritual heritage of the city. As the architect meticulously worked on the canvas, the city emerged in breathtaking detail. I could almost feel the heat of the sun's rays against my skin, as if the city itself was infused with the warmth and radiance of the celestial orb it worshiped. Towering obelisks reached towards the sky, their golden surfaces reflecting the sun's brilliance, while majestic temples stood as beacons of devotion. On was an ancient Egyptian city situated near modern-day Cairo. The very name "On" derives from the Egyptian word meaning "pillar" or "obelisk," suggesting the possible presence of significant religious structures within the city. The name "On Ra" further emphasizes the city's deep connection to the god Ra, underscoring its status as a focal point for solar worship and highlighting Ra's crucial role in Egyptian cosmology. Ra, revered as the sun deity, was regarded as the creator and sustainer of life, with his worship intertwined with concepts of kingship, order, and divine power. The name "On" is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. In the biblical account, On is associated with the city where Pharaoh and his officials recognize the wisdom and discernment of Joseph, a man in whom the Spirit of God is believed to reside. Impressed by Joseph's abilities, Pharaoh appoints him as an authoritative figure, granting him great power and responsibility. Pharaoh acknowledges Joseph's divine gift of interpretation and understanding, and he places Joseph in charge of his household and all the people of Egypt, with only Pharaoh himself having greater authority. During Joseph's interactions with Pharaoh, it is plausible that there existed a level of religious syncretism or tolerance within ancient Egypt. This suggests a willingness to incorporate or acknowledge foreign religious beliefs and deities alongside the established Egyptian pantheon. The biblical narrative highlights Joseph's recognition of God's involvement and guidance throughout his conversation with Pharaoh. Speculating on Pharaoh's perception of this God would be conjectural, based on historical context and cultural understanding. In Egyptian religious beliefs, the pharaoh, seen as a perceived son of Ra, embodied the power of the sun god, which brought life and sustenance to Egypt. The pharaoh's divine role encompassed maintaining the sacred order and upholding Ma'at, the principle of balance and harmony in the world. It is within this religious framework that Pharaoh acknowledges the presence of the Spirit of God within Joseph. In the context of Egyptian cosmology, Pharaoh might have interpreted Joseph's exceptional wisdom and discernment as the manifestation of Ra's divine power working through him. Ra was considered the ultimate source of wisdom and guidance, with his influence permeating all aspects of Egyptian society. The exact meaning of the name "Zaphenath-Paneah" is of Egyptian origin but does not have a clear equivalent in Hebrew. The book "On the reliability of the Old Testament" by K. A. Kitchen offers valuable insights into the study and interpretation of the Old Testament, specifically regarding the reliability and historical accuracy of its contents. One particular aspect discussed is the Egyptian name given to Joseph, Zaphenath-Pa'aneah, and the attempts to uncover its original Egyptian form. Kitchen proposes Egyptian form of Joseph's name, to be interpreted in English as "Joseph who is called life." The elision of the initial "i" in the Egyptian name is a common linguistic feature observed in ancient Egyptian names. This proposed form aligns with established Egyptian naming conventions, particularly during the Middle Kingdom period. The usage of "(Semitic name) who is called (Egyptian name)" is also attested in ancient Egyptian records, providing additional support for the validity of this interpretation. Thus, according to this theory, Joseph's full name in Egypt would be understood as "Joseph who is called "Djat-naf" or "pi-ankh." In the biblical account, Potiphera is mentioned as the father of Joseph's wife, Asenath. As a priest of On, Potiphera would have held a position of influence and authority within the religious hierarchy associated with the worship of the sun god Ra. K. A. Kitchen proposed that the name, Potiphera is derived from the Egyptian name P(a)-di-Pare', which can be translated as "the gift of the sun-god Pre," which is an alternate spelling or form of the more commonly known sun-god "Re" or "Ra." This form of the name aligns with known Egyptian naming conventions, particularly in the New Kingdom period. The exact meaning of the name Asenath is of Egyptian origin and could potentially mean "she belongs to Neith," the prime creator of the universe and all it contains. According to the Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum, Neith was said to be the mother of Ra, the sun god who went on to create everything else. In this context, many worshipped her as the creator of birth. Genesis 41 Egyptian Museum, Cairo - Ground floor, grand gallery (33) Detail of the Pyramidion of Amenemhat III Merja Attia The Greeks, associated (On) with the worship of their sun god Hyperion and his son Helios. Heliopolis is derived from the Greek words "helios" meaning "sun" and "polis" meaning "city," thus translating to "City of the Sun." Herodotus provides a description of the phoenix's life cycle and its journey from Arabia to Heliopolis, where it deposits the remains of its parent on the altar of the sun. It reflects the mythical beliefs surrounding the phoenix and its symbolic association with death and rebirth. Like the Phoenix, there is a mythological species Benu (Bennu) bird that the ancient Egyptians associated with the sun and with cycles of death and rebirth. The Bennu bird was considered the soul (ba) of the Egyptian sun god Ra and was known as "The Lord of the Jubilees," reflecting the daily cycle of the sun rising and setting. Similarly, the Phoenix was associated with the sun and had a life cycle where it would die in a show of flames and combustion, only to be reborn from the ashes. It was believed to be the ba (soul) of the sun-god Ra and was also associated with Osiris, the god of death, resurrection, and the afterlife. "The Lord of the Jubilees" in ancient Egyptian culture, and it represented cycles of renewal and rejuvenation, mirroring the daily rise and set of the sun. The Benu was often depicted as a heron. The Histories - Book II Chapter 73 Herodotus In Greek culture, personal names were carefully chosen to reflect specific qualities, characteristics, or divine associations. The name "Helios" is a prime example, representing the Greek god of the sun. Its significance lies in its connection to the celestial entity and the pivotal role the sun plays in Greek mythology and daily life. In the Iliad, Homer uses the naming convention "Helios Hyperion" by combining a personal name ("Helios") with a patronymic ("Hyperion"), highlighting a divine lineage or ancestral connection. In Greek culture, patronymics are a naming convention used to identify familial relationships, typically by incorporating the father's name into the child's name. Let's explore an analogy using my name, Luke, and my father's name, Karel, within the context of patronymic naming conventions. However, by adopting the patronymic naming convention, my full name becomes "Luke Karel," signifying "Luke, the son of Karel." Through this analogy, "Luke Karel" symbolically represents the continuation of my father's legacy and the passing of his qualities, values, and experiences to me. It acknowledges the influence and guidance I have received from my father, while also recognizing my unique individuality as I carry forth the family name. As I reflect upon the analogy using my name, Luke, and my father's name, Karel, I am reminded of the significance and diversity of personal names. Just like "Helios" represents the Greek god of the sun, my name, Luke, holds associations with light and illumination. It embodies the idea of bringing brightness and enlightenment to others. Delving into the origins of our names and their unique meanings reveals the intricate tapestry of our personal histories. In my own journey, I discovered that my name, Luke, carries a connection to the town of Luke, Maryland, where my mother spent her early years, while my father's birth at Saint Luke's Hospital in Spokane, Washington, adds another layer of significance. These geographic ties reflect my parents' desire to honor the places that held sentimental value for them. Meanwhile, my father's name, Karel, rooted in a longstanding family tradition, underscores the importance of ancestral lineage as successive generations bestowed the name upon their firstborn sons. Together, these elements embody the interplay of personal experiences and familial traditions that shaped my identity and remind me of the legacy I carry forward. Building upon the significance of our names, I decided to continue this cherished tradition by naming my own firstborn son Luke as a junior. By doing so, I not only honored my own identity and family history but also established a new chapter in our lineage, carrying forward the name and its rich meaning to the next generation. It is a way to connect the past, present, and future, weaving a tapestry of shared experiences, values, and love. While the analogy between "Helios Hyperion" and "Luke Karel" beautifully captures the symbolic representation of qualities such as light and freedom, it is essential to recognize the personal connections and histories associated with each name. Our names are more than just labels; they carry the weight of our family heritage, cultural traditions, and individual experiences. They are intertwined with our stories, reflecting the rich diversity and complexity of who we are. As a anthropologist, I find it fascinating to consider how Homer's use of the name "Helios Hyperion," assigned significant meaning to his narrative. Iliad Book 8 - Line 470 Homer Religion played a central role in the lives of the ancient Greeks, shaping their understanding of the cosmos, the divine order, and their place within it. The Orphic Hymns, as part of this religious tradition, served as a means of communicating with and venerating the gods, seeking their favor, and expressing devotion. The Orphic Hymns are a collection of ancient religious poems or hymns traditionally attributed to Orpheus, a mythical figure and legendary poet from ancient Greece. Orpheus was renowned for his extraordinary musical talents and was believed to have the power to charm humans, animals, and even the gods with his enchanting melodies. In the hymn, Helios, the Sun, is described as the "golden Titan" with an eternal eye that illuminates the entire sky. Helios is the self-born and tireless source of light, symbolizing the mirror of delight for all eyes. He is depicted as the lord of the seasons, driving his fiery car with leaping coursers across the heavens. With his right hand, he brings the morning light, and with his left, he presides over the night. The connection between Helios and Zeus in this hymn reflects the ancient Greek belief in a pantheon of gods, each with their own domain and attributes. Helios, as the Sun, was a prominent celestial deity associated with the sun's daily journey across the sky and its life-giving and illuminating qualities. Zeus, as the supreme god, presided over the cosmos and the order of the universe. The Sun is characterized as agile, vigorous, and venerable, running fiery and bright through the heavens. He is a foe to the wicked but serves as a guide to the good, overseeing their steps with benevolence. The hymn also acknowledges the Sun's association with music, attributing to him the ability to fill the world with divine harmony through a golden lyre. Helios is like a skilled driver who can control celestial horses that pull a magnificent chariot. These shining horses represent the Sun's movement across the sky, guiding its daily journey through the heavens. Helios, as the Sun deity, is depicted as a radiant and majestic figure, lighting up the world with his brilliant light as he rides gloriously in his celestial chariot during the daytime. The horses' brightness mirrors the Sun's own radiance, making Helios' daily journey across the sky a truly spectacular sight. Orphic Hymns (The Hymns of Orpheus) VII. To the Sun - Helios The Romans, associated (On) with the worship of their sun god Hyperion. The passage from Ovid's "Metamorphoses" presents the mythological account of the phoenix, which is described as being reborn from its father's body and destined to live the same number of years as its predecessor. The phoenix gains strength with age and is capable of carrying burdens. It then lightens the heavy nest on the tall palm tree and carries its own cradle, which was previously its father's tomb. The phoenix, described as reaching the city of Hyperion, lays down the cradle in front of the sacred doors of Hyperion's temple. The term "cradle" is used metaphorically to describe the nest that the phoenix carries. It symbolizes the protective and sacred space where the phoenix's rebirth takes place. The idea of the cradle being the tomb of the phoenix's father emphasizes the cyclical nature of life, where death and new life are interconnected. Persia, as an ancient empire, did not have a specific city known as the "City of the Sun" in the same way that On (also known as Heliopolis) was associated with the sun in ancient Egypt. Heliopolis, located in Egypt, was indeed regarded as a significant center for the worship of the sun god Ra, which could be seen as a parallel to the association of Hyperion with the sun. The Metamorphoses Bk XV:391-417 Pythagoras’s Teachings: The Phoenix Ovid The British Museum's collection houses a significant artifact labeled as Amulet 189, a steatite heart-amulet. This piece intriguingly depicts Ay, a high-ranking official of the late 18th Dynasty, in an act of adoration towards the Benu (Bennu) bird. The heart-amulet itself also carries symbolic weight. In ancient Egyptian belief, the heart was considered the seat of the soul and intellect. Heart-amulets were often used to protect and guide the heart in the afterlife, further emphasizing the theme of life after death. As a pharaoh, Ay was regarded as the intermediary between the gods and the people, and his role was not merely administrative but deeply religious. By worshipping the Bennu bird, he essentially venerates the cyclical process of death and rebirth, reinforcing the pharaoh's integral role in maintaining ma'at (order and balance) in the kingdom. The British Museum EA50742 189 - Steatite heart-amulet In the world of ornithology and mythology, there has long been a discussion about the real-world counterpart of the ancient Egyptian Benu (Bennu) bird. It is probable the Goliath Heron, Ardea goliath, a bird species native to Africa and parts of the Middle East, may, in fact, be the modern counterpart of the Benu bird. For instance, the Goliath Heron's large size and regal stature could symbolize the sun's strength and power. Additionally, its wide-ranging habitat, which includes the African regions where Egyptian civilization thrived, makes this link plausible. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened Species, the Goliath Heron has a wide distribution across different regions of Africa, the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent, and even parts of Southeast Asia. This wide range reflects the adaptability of the Goliath Heron to various wetland habitats and its ability to exploit diverse ecological niches. The population trend of the species is stable, indicating that there is no significant decline or increase in population size over time. Goliath Heron : Ardea goliath IUCN Red List Category and Criteria - Least Concern Herodotus might have witnessed might have witnessed the mummification process of a heron or ibis in ancient Egypt and used the symbolism of the egg of myrrh to describe it. Herodotus might have been captivated by the pristine white linen wrapping, which could have reminded him of the smooth, uniform surface of an eggshell. Perhaps he contemplated the symbolism of life and rebirth associated with eggs and recognized a parallel in the process of mummification, where the deceased were prepared for their journey into the afterlife. In addition, myrrh, a resinous substance derived from Commiphora trees, played a vital role in preserving the bodies of the deceased during mummification, alongside other aromatic substances. During mummification, after the body was prepared and the internal organs were removed, the body cavity was filled with a mixture of natron and various aromatic substances, including myrrh. The inclusion of myrrh helped to dehydrate the body and inhibit bacterial growth, thus aiding in the prevention of decay. Furthermore, myrrh found its application in the wrapping of the mummy. Linen bandages were soaked in a resinous solution, often containing myrrh, to enhance preservation and create a tightly wrapped mummy. This resinous mixture acted as a preservative, ensuring the integrity and longevity of the mummified remains. Myrrh possessed not only practical benefits in the mummification process but also held symbolic significance. In ancient Egyptian religious beliefs, myrrh was associated with purification, healing, and offerings to the gods. Its inclusion in the mummification process aligned with the spiritual dimension of the ritual, signifying the sacred transition of the deceased into the afterlife. In ancient Egypt, the African Sacred Ibis was considered a sacred bird and had cultural and religious significance. It was associated with the god Thoth, who was the deity of wisdom, writing, and knowledge. The ibis was often depicted in ancient Egyptian art and hieroglyphs and was revered for its symbolism related to wisdom and intellect. Brooklyn Museum Ibis Mummy objects: 14.655a-b; 37.1988E The passage from Pliny the Elder's "Natural History" adds further insights on the subject of the phoenix. Pliny includes the phoenix in his comprehensive study of birds, specifically in Book X of his work. He designates a chapter solely to discuss this legendary creature known as the phoenix. Pliny acknowledges the phoenix as a prominent bird and devotes attention to its unique characteristics. He mentions that the phoenix is associated with extraordinary plumage and surpasses all description. It is regarded as the most famous bird of Arabia, although Pliny expresses some uncertainty about its actual existence, considering it may be more of a mythical creature. The Natural History BOOK X. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF BIRDS. CHAP. 2. (2.)—THE PHŒNIX. Pliny the Elder Diodorus Siculus, in his work Library of History, describes the islands off the coast of Arabia, including the island of Panchaea. He mentions that Panchaea is inhabited by the Panchaeans, Oceanites, Indians, Scythians, and Cretans. The island is known for its fertility, abundant vineyards, and diverse wildlife, including elephants, lions, leopards, and gazelles. The Panchaeans are divided into three castes: priests, farmers, and soldiers, each with their own roles and responsibilities. Arabia the Blessed refers to the prosperous and fertile parts of ancient Arabia, which could include areas in present-day Yemen, Oman, and Saudi Arabia. Socotra: Socotra is an island located off the coast of Yemen in the Arabian Sea. It is known for its unique and diverse flora and fauna, including the famous Dragon's Blood tree. Socotra has a long history and was a prominent trading center in ancient times. Bahrain: Bahrain is an archipelago in the Persian Gulf, situated near the eastern coast of Saudi Arabia. It has a rich history dating back thousands of years and was an important trading hub in the ancient world. Bahrain was known for its pearls and was mentioned by various ancient historians and geographers. Qeshm: Qeshm is the largest island in the Persian Gulf, located near the southern coast of Iran. It has a significant historical and cultural heritage and was a major trading center and port during ancient times. Some scholars speculate that Panchaea could be associated with the island of Socotra, located in the Arabian Sea. Socotra has a unique ecosystem, rich in biodiversity, and has been historically associated with incense trade and mythical tales. Library of History Book V Diodorus Siculus The "Bibliotheca," also known as the "Library" (not to be confused with the "Library of History" by Diodorus Siculus), is considered one of the most valuable mythographical works from ancient times. Its purpose is emphasized through an epigram recorded by Patriarch Photius I of Constantinople. The epigram highlights the significance of the Bibliotheca as a reliable source for knowledge of the past and the ancient tales of learned lore. It encourages readers to draw their understanding from the Bibliotheca, instead of turning to other sources such as Homer, elegy, tragic muse, or epic strain. This underscores the comprehensive nature of the Bibliotheca and positions it as a comprehensive and authoritative resource for exploring and comprehending the rich tapestry of mythological traditions. The misidentification of the author of the Bibliotheca as Apollodorus of Athens, a 2nd-century BCE scholar, stems from references in minor scholia on Homer. These references mention an Apollodorus of Athens who compiled a similar comprehensive repertory on mythology in verse form. However, the surviving text of the Bibliotheca actually cites a Roman author named Castor the Annalist, who lived during the 1st century BCE. The attribution to Apollodorus of Athens was likely a result of the common usage of the name at the time. To differentiate the author of the Bibliotheca from Apollodorus of Athens, he is commonly referred to as "Pseudo-Apollodorus." Pseudo-Apollodorus genealogy of the Titans Hyperion and Theia are mentioned as parents Dawn, Sun, and Moon. This lineage suggests the celestial nature of Hyperion and Theia, as their children represent celestial bodies associated with the sky and daylight. The Library - Book 1 Pseudo-Apollodorus The Homeric Hymns are a collection of thirty-three hymns attributed to Homer, composed between the 7th and 3rd centuries BCE. While the authorship of these hymns is debated among scholars, they are traditionally attributed to Homer, the legendary ancient Greek poet. The hymns are written in poetic form and are dedicated to various gods and goddesses of the Greek pantheon. Hymn 2 of the Homeric Hymns is dedicated to Demeter, the goddess of agriculture, fertility, and the harvest. This hymn recounts the tale of how Demeter's beloved daughter Persephone was abducted by Hades, the god of the underworld. It describes Demeter's grief and anger upon discovering her daughter's disappearance and her subsequent withdrawal from her role as the bringer of abundance to the earth. Helios, the bright son of Hyperion, is also mentioned as one of the few beings who hears the girl's voice. As the god of the sun and the bringer of light, Helios possesses the ability to observe and witness events from his lofty position in the sky. The unknown author mentions Hyperion in relation to Helios, highlighting the generational aspect of the divine realm. Homeric Hymns and Homerica Hymn 2 to Demeter Anonymous In the given passage from Hesiod's Theogony, we discover that Hyperion, the father of Helios, is the progenitor of a lineage that includes his daughter Circe, who becomes romantically involved with Odysseus and bears two children, Agrius and Latinus. Furthermore, Circe becomes the mother of Telegonus through the divine will of golden Aphrodite. Hesiod, a renowned ancient Greek poet and scholar, incorporates this genealogy and narrative surrounding Hyperion and his descendants in his works, effectively highlighting their significant roles within the intricate tapestry of Greek mythology. Theogony Line 1003 Hesiod In the Greek Pantheon of Gods, Theia is seen as a primal force associated with the dawning of light and the illuminating power that pervades the world. Her influence extends to various aspects of Greek mythology, including the glorification of light, the perception of beauty, and the significance of sight and vision. In Greek mythology, Theia is indeed associated with the origin of light. As a Titan goddess, Theia is believed to be the personification of sight and the shining ether of the bright, blue sky. She is closely connected to the celestial realm and often depicted as a radiant figure associated with luminosity. One significant aspect of Theia's role is her association with the creation of light and its effects. It is said that Theia endowed gold and silver with their brilliance and intrinsic value, highlighting her connection to the radiant properties of precious metals. Additionally, Theia's presence is believed to have contributed to the captivating colors of the sky, including the vibrant hues seen during sunrise and sunset. Theia was the daughter of Uranus (the Sky) and Gaia (the Earth). She was one of the ancient deities who ruled the cosmos before the Olympian gods came into power. Theia's name derives from the Greek word "thea," which means "sight" or "gaze." As the goddess of sight, she was believed to possess keen perception and the ability to see and understand things with great clarity. The two siblings had three children: Helios (the Sun), Selene (the Moon), and Eos (the Dawn). In Pindar's Isthmian Ode, we are immersed in the captivating world of Greek mythology, where gods and goddesses hold sway over the destinies of mortals. Among the divine figures that grace the poem with their presence, one stands out in particular: Theia, the majestic Titan goddess associated with light and brilliance. The renowned poet of ancient Greece, pays homage to Theia right from the opening lines, recognizing her as the Mother of the Sun and invoking her many names. This acknowledgement sets the stage for a rich exploration of Theia's influence and significance throughout the ode. As the goddess who bestows radiant light, Theia holds a central role in the realm of celestial and earthly luminosity. Pindar's ode delves into the profound impact of Theia's presence, illustrating how her divine essence shapes the perception and reverence for light. It is through Theia's power that mortals come to prize gold above all else, recognizing its intrinsic connection to her and the radiant glow it possesses. Moreover, Pindar highlights the far-reaching influence of Theia on various aspects of human achievement and glory. From the endeavors of seafaring vessels navigating treacherous waters to the thundering hooves of chariots in fierce competition, Theia's honor and influence permeate the realm of human strife and triumph. The ode presents a vivid picture of Theia's role as the source of inspiration and divine favor, igniting the fire within individuals to strive for greatness and attain laurels that adorn their hair. The Extant Odes of Pindar Isthmian Ode IV by Pindar, translated by Ernest Myers In Greek mythology, Theia is sometimes referred to as Euryphaessa, which can be broken down to signify "wide" (eury) and "bright" (phaes). These names are mentioned in Hymn 31 of Homer's works, where he delves into the genealogy of the gods. According to the hymn, Eos, the goddess of dawn, is the daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia, who is also known as Euryphaessa. Hyperion, a primordial deity associated with light, is said to have ruled during the Golden Age. Hymn 31, known as the Hymn to Helios, is part of the larger collection called the Homeric Hymns, which consists of ancient Greek hymns attributed to Homer or works connected to him known as the "Homerica." The Homeric Hymns and Homerica Hymn 31 to Helios Anonymous While Eos is connected to the celestial phenomenon of the sunrise, it is important to note that she is distinct from the planet Venus, which holds its own separate mythological associations in Greek mythology. In Homer's Iliad, the goddess Eos, personification of the Dawn, is depicted emerging from the waters of Oceanus, enveloped in her radiant saffron-colored robes. Her appearance signifies the beginning of a new day, as she illuminates the world with her ethereal light. Eos' arrival brings a renewed sense of vitality and energy to both the divine gods and the mortal beings inhabiting the earth. Iliad Book 19, Line 1 Homer This passage In Homer's Odyssey captures the moment before the night drew to a close. Eos is celebrated for her daily journey across the sky, guiding a two-horse chariot that heralds the break of dawn and the arrival of her brother Helios, the sun god. Eos's role in Greek mythology emphasizes her significance as the personification of the dawn and the bearer of a new day. The resplendent Eos awaits with patient grace to begin her celestial ascent at the tranquil streams of Oceanus. However, the goddess Athena intervened, momentarily withholding the golden-throned Dawn from yoking her swift-footed horses, Lampus and Phaethon. These immortal steeds held the sacred duty of illuminating the world with the first rays of daybreak. Athena's purposeful intervention granted Odysseus and Penelope an extended interlude before the start of a new day. Odyssey Book 23, Line 244 Homer In this passage, Homer skillfully portrays Eos, the revered goddess of Dawn, employing epithets to enrich the poetic tapestry and accentuate specific attributes of the characters. The epithet "Rhododactylos," employed to describe Eos, serves to accentuate the captivating palette of the celestial sphere, specifically the rosy tints that grace her fingers or hands as she orchestrates the advent of morning's luminosity. This poetic depiction evokes the enchanting and resplendent essence intrinsic to the break of dawn. Likewise, the epithet "Erigeneia" utilized to delineate the persona of Eos, signifies her profound affiliation with the very concept of dawn. Composed by fusing the Greek words "ēri," signifying "early" or "dawn," and "geneia," connoting "born" or "origin," it alludes to Eos' divine lineage as the offspring of the dawn. Thus, "Erigeneia" can be aptly rendered as "early-born" or "born of the dawn." This epithet magnifies Eos' pivotal role as the embodiment of daybreak, symbolizing her emergence at the inception of each diurnal cycle and heralding the imminent arrival of the sun. It encapsulates her celestial status as the sublime personification of dawn and the harbinger of a rejuvenated day. Iliad Book 1, Line 474 Homer Shimmering Constellations Capture Our Imagination Venus, the planet often hailed as the "Queen of Light," radiates a striking brilliance that commands attention in the night sky. This regal title accentuates its commanding presence among the stars, depicting Venus as a majestic ruler of the celestial realm. Such personification captures the profound awe and admiration that the planet Venus has evoked throughout history, conjuring a sense of grandeur and splendor that perfectly complements its radiant beauty. As a child, I fondly recall reciting the beloved rhyme "Star Light, Star Bright." It accompanied a delightful tradition where the first person to spot a star in the sky was granted the opportunity to make a wish. The experience was filled with anticipation and excitement, as we all yearned to be the first to catch a glimpse of that twinkling star and have our wishes come true. Little did we know at the time that the star we wished upon was, in fact, the planet Venus. It was only years later that I discovered this delightful secret, adding a new layer of wonder and fascination to those cherished childhood memories. The realization that we had been casting our wishes upon a celestial body of such beauty and significance, like the Queen of Light herself, made those moments of stargazing even more magical and filled with awe. Swallows on the Wing O'Er Garden Springs of Delight: A Medly of Prose and Verse By By Will De Grasse (Pseudonym) - William Furniss The brilliance and radiance of Venus, one of the brightest objects in the sky visible to the unclothed eye, has captivated imaginations since ancient times. Its exceptional brightness and visibility make it one of the most easily recognizable and prominent celestial objects, second only to the Moon. This luminosity is attributed to Venus's proximity to Earth and its highly reflective atmosphere, which reflects sunlight back to our planet. In the realms of astronomy and astrology, Venus is often associated with beauty, love, and harmony. When Venus appears in the morning sky, it often shines with a radiant brilliance, outshining all other celestial bodies save for the Sun and the Moon. Its conspicuous presence during the pre-dawn hours has earned it the epithet of the Morning Star. As the sky transitions from the depths of night to the gradual illumination of daybreak, Venus emerges as a radiant beacon, announcing the imminent arrival of the Sun. Its luminosity and beauty have inspired awe and wonder among observers, evoking feelings of hope, renewal, and the potential for a new day. The ancient Greeks did not possess the knowledge to distinguish between Venus as a planet and a star. They did not have the scientific understanding to recognize that Venus was a planetary body orbiting the Sun, much like Earth. Instead, they interpreted its movements and radiant appearance as separate celestial entities, attributing them with their own mythological significance. The Morning Star, as the herald of dawn, was often linked to Eosphorus, the goddess of dawn. The Evening Star, on the other hand, was associated with Hesperus or Vesper, the personification of the evening star. Hesiod mentions Eos is as having a relationship with Astraeus, a second generation Titan. Astraeus and Eos together bear the strong-hearted winds, including Zephyrus (the West Wind), Boreas (the North Wind), and Notus (the South Wind). Additionally, Eos is "Erigeneia," which means "early-born," emphasizing her connection to the dawn gives birth to the star Eosphorus (Dawn-bringer), also known as the Morning Star. Theogony Line 380 Hesiod a prominent figure in Greek literature, Phosphorus and Hesperus were not deities themselves but were associated with divine beings. Phosphorus, meaning "light-bringer" or "morning star," was another name given to Venus when it appeared in the morning sky before sunrise. Hesperus, meaning "evening star," referred to Venus when it appeared in the evening sky after sunset. Diogenes Laertius was an ancient Greek biographer and historian who is best known for his work titled "Lives of Eminent Philosophers" (also known as "Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers" or simply "Lives"). Lives of Eminent Philosophers - Chapter 3. Parmenides Diogenes Laertius In Plato's Laws, Clinias acknowledges his observation of celestial bodies such as Phosphorus and Hesperus "wandering" in different paths, unlike the Sun and Moon, which follow consistent courses. Drawing on this observation, the Athenian argues that it is crucial for citizens, including children, to learn about these celestial facts concerning the gods of Heaven. This passage Plato emphasizes the significance of comprehending the movements and behaviors of celestial bodies within the context of religious and philosophical beliefs. Understanding the distinct paths taken by different celestial entities provides individuals with a deeper comprehension of the divine order and the workings of the universe. Such knowledge is considered essential for citizens to develop a genuine reverence and appreciation for the gods and their celestial manifestations. Laws : Section 821c Plato EOSPHOROS (Eosphorus) and HESPEROS (Hesperus) were the gods associated with the star Venus, known as the morning star and evening star, respectively. Initially, they were considered separate deities, with Eosphorus representing the dawn-star and Hesperos representing the star of dusk. However, over time, these two star-gods were merged and identified with the same celestial entity, Venus. Thus, they came to be understood as different aspects or phases of the same planet. Catalog of Texts/The Epigram/Epitaphs/ Star, before indeed you shone Hesperus and Phosphorus Plato/ Drawing upon the cultural significance of Venus as the goddess of love and beauty, astronomers linked the planet to the mythological figure, allowing them to relate Venus's qualities of brightness and aesthetic appeal to the concepts of love, desire, and harmony in their astrological interpretations. One of the earliest known Roman authors to mention Venus is the poet and philosopher Lucretius, who lived during the 1st century BCE. In his epic philosophical poem "De Rerum Natura" (On the Nature of Things), Lucretius explores various aspects of the natural world and the universe, portraying Venus as a deity associated with love, beauty, and fertility. The mention of Venus beneath the moving constellations reflects the Roman understanding that Venus, as a planet, follows its orbital path and reaches its full phase during the spring months of March, April, or May in the Northern Hemisphere. This connection between Venus and the cyclical patterns of nature suggests that Venus plays a role in the awakening and renewal of life, as well as the pursuit of desires and passions. By attributing the emergence of vitality and the expression of innate instincts to Venus, Lucretius implies that this divine goddess holds the power to initiate and guide the natural cycles of life and desire. Through his portrayal, Lucretius highlights the profound interplay between celestial bodies, the natural world, and human experience, emphasizing the interconnectedness of the universe and the intrinsic role of Venus within it. De Rerum Natura" (On the Nature of Things) Lucretius I imagine ancient Greek astronomers sharing with their Roman neighbors stories and beliefs of Aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty. Greece has a rich and influential culture, with their mythology, arts, and philosophy influencing Romans and Western civilization. As the Roman Empire expanded and came into contact with Greek colonies and territories, they encountered and interacted with Greek customs, beliefs, and deities. Romans are historically known for their pragmatism and ability to adopt and adapt foreign practices, recognized the cultural value and significance of Greek mythology. They saw the allure and appeal of the Greek gods and goddesses, including Aphrodite, and sought to incorporate them into their own religious framework. Iliad Book II, Line 819 Homer Iliad Book V, Line 165 Homer After Aeneas is severely wounded by Diomedes in the battle, his mother Aphrodite, comes to his aid. She swiftly intervenes to protect him from further harm. Aphrodite, seeing her son in danger, embraces him and shields him with her own radiant garment to safeguard him from any potential attacks. Aphrodite, his mother, wraps him in a cloud of mist to conceal him from the sight of the other warriors and safely transports him back to the city of Troy. Once there, Aeneas is tended to by his comrades and healers who treat his injuries and help him recover. Iliad Book V, Line 305 Homer Apollo himself sends Aeneas, a prominent Trojan warrior, out of a sacred sanctuary, infusing him with courage. Aeneas rejoins his comrades, who rejoice at his return unharmed and with unwavering bravery. However, due to the ongoing intense battle and the influences of Apollo, Ares, and Discord, they do not have the opportunity to inquire about his well-being. Iliad Book V, Line 514 Homer In this passage, Aeneas proves his valor by slaying two prominent Danaan champions, Crethon and Orsilochus, sons of Diocles. The pair had joined the Argives in their expedition to Troy, seeking retribution for Agamemnon and Menelaus. However, their noble efforts ended in their own demise, falling before Aeneas like tall fir-trees felled by a mighty force. Aeneas is referred to as the shepherd of the host, much like a shepherd tends to and guards their flock of sheep, emphasizing his role as a leader among the Trojans and his responsibility for their well-being in the midst of battle. Iliad Book V, Line 541 Homer Achilles and Aeneas confronted each other on the battlefield, their anger and contempt fueling their words. Achilles, filled with disdain, taunted Aeneas, questioning his courage and belittling his lineage. He mocked Aeneas's aspirations of seizing the Trojan sovereignty, stating that even if he were to defeat Achilles, Priam would never hand over his kingship. Achilles reminded Aeneas of their past encounter, where he had chased him from Mount Ida to Lyrnessus, ultimately leaving him to be saved by the gods. He insinuated that divine intervention wouldn't protect Aeneas this time. Undeterred by Achilles's insults, Aeneas confidently asserted his noble lineage, tracing his ancestry through generations of renowned Trojan heroes. He declared himself the son of great-hearted Anchises and the goddess Aphrodite, emphasizing the esteemed bloodline from which he sprang. Aeneas acknowledged the power of Zeus in shaping a man's fate but urged Achilles to cease their verbal sparring and engage in physical combat to settle their dispute. As their verbal exchange ended, both warriors hurled their spears at each other's shields, creating a resounding clash. Aeneas's spear was deflected by Achilles's shield, protected by the gods, while Achilles's spear struck Aeneas's shield, causing it to ring. Before they could engage in close combat, Poseidon intervened to save Aeneas, instructing him to withdraw and assuring him that his time to fight would come after Achilles's fate was sealed. Aeneas obeyed, filled with grief and fear, while Achilles, pondering the mysterious turn of events, rallied his comrades and prepared to face the other Trojan forces on the battlefield. Iliad Book XX, Line 200 Homer In "The Aeneid," Virgil pays homage to Homer by incorporating several elements and themes from the Homeric epics. He borrows characters, such as Aeneas himself, and incorporates them into his own narrative. Virgil also explores similar themes of heroism, fate, and the struggles of war that are central to Homer's works. Virgil drew heavily from Greek mythology, and many Roman gods were equivalent to Greek gods with different names. For example, Venus is the Roman counterpart of Aphrodite, and Jupiter corresponds to Zeus. However, Virgil consciously employs the Roman names to emphasize the Roman context of his epic and to convey a sense of cultural and religious continuity for his Roman audience. After the tragic fall of Troy, Aeneas emerges as one of the few heroes who survives the destruction. Guided by divine will, he embarks on a transformative journey to forge a new homeland and ensure the survival and prosperity of the Trojan people. In this passage, Venus, the goddess of love and mother to Aeneas, seeks solace from Jupiter, the ruler of gods and men. She expresses her concern and sadness over the plight of her son and the Trojan people. Venus questions why the Trojans face such hardships and why their promised destiny of founding Rome seems to be slipping away. She pleads with Jupiter, highlighting the struggles and losses they have endured. Jupiter, in response, comforts Venus with a gentle smile and assures her that fate remains unaltered for the Roman generations. He promises that Aeneas will fulfill his destiny and witness the rise of Lavinium, the fulfillment of the divine promise. Jupiter prophesies that Aeneas will wage a mighty war in Italy, conquer proud nations, establish laws, and build a city within three years. He reveals that Aeneas' son, Ascanius (also known as Iulus), will reign for thirty years and then transfer the kingdom to Alba Longa. Jupiter extends his prophecy beyond, stating that the lineage of Hector will govern Alba Longa for three hundred years until twin sons are born to a royal priestess, giving rise to Romulus, who will build the martial walls of Rome and establish the Roman people. The Aeneid Virgil For instance, the reddish hue of Mars, which is visible to the unclothed eye, evoked thoughts of bloodshed and intense energy associated with warfare. Building upon the preexisting association of Mars with the god of war in Roman mythology, this connection enhanced the understanding of the planet's symbolism. It's important to note that the naming of Mars and Venus, along with other planets, was not based on scientific understanding as we know it today. Instead, it originated from the cultural and mythological beliefs of the ancient Roman civilization. Through the use of mythology, astrologers successfully provided a bridge between the abstract nature of celestial bodies and the familiar world of human experiences, enriching comprehension and inviting broader participation in the captivating realm of astrology. Through the lens of Astrology, ancient astronomers honed their skills in observing the celestial realm and devised methods of measurement. Their profound understanding of astronomy and astrology enabled them to make precise predictions and interpretations that profoundly influenced religious practices, rituals, and the governance of ancient civilizations. Astrologers relied on a comprehensive approach that encompassed celestial observations, mythological narratives, philosophical concepts, and symbolic correspondences, forming the very foundation of their interpretations. By weaving mythology into astrological interpretations, ancient astrologers tapped into the collective unconscious, the realm of universal symbols and archetypes shared by all humans. Mythological narratives enabled the exploration of deeper symbolic connections between celestial events and human experiences. Just as heroes embarked on epic journeys and faced trials, so too did individuals experience personal challenges and triumphs. Through the use of mythology, ancient astrologers successfully bridged the gap between the abstract and the familiar. They broadened participation by inviting people to connect with the timeless stories and characters they knew well. It enhanced comprehension of astrology, allowing individuals to grasp the intricacies of celestial patterns and their potential impact on human lives. In this way, astrology became more accessible and relatable to people from all walks of life. By incorporating mythology, astrologers created a sense of wonder, inspiration, and connection. They offered a framework that linked human experiences to the movements of the planets, providing a deeper understanding of life's mysteries and our place within the cosmos. The ancient Egyptians revered Nun (also known as Nu or Nunu) as a fundamental and intrinsic component of the universe, representing the primordial state prior to the establishment of order and life. Nun, the eternal abyss of swirling primordial waters, held a significant place in their cosmology, signifying the genesis of all creation. Within the vast depths of this boundless expanse, Nun personified the very essence of primeval chaos—an enigmatic realm of formless waters predating the birth of the cosmos itself. Its undefined and infinite nature extended across the entirety of existence, encompassing all that had been, all that was, and all that would come to be. ' Within the boundless expanse of Nu, a myriad of cosmic energies permeated the void, carrying within them an extraordinary potentiality. These cosmic energies, possessing inherent power and wisdom, held the capacity to initiate transformative processes and shape the very fabric of the universe. Amidst these profound forces, an extraordinary transition unfolded—a moment where the realm of inanimate existence gave way to the emergence of a sentient power that was profound and self-created. This awe-inspiring being, known to the ancient Egyptians as Atum, epitomized the embodiment of cosmic order and boundless creativity. Atum stood as a majestic beacon of divine potency, revered and celebrated by all. Symbolized by the sacred "Djed," an emblem resembling a pillar or column evoking the strength and resilience of existence itself, the enduring presence of Atum's Djed adorned temple decorations, amulets, and funerary art. This timeless symbol served to represent the virtues of strength, stability, and the eternal cycle of life and death. The first act of sentient awareness manifested as Atum's intent to bring order and purpose to the universe. With a resolute will, Atum wove threads of cosmic energy, commanding the swirling chaos into harmonious patterns, setting the stage for the emergence of celestial bodies, galaxies, and the intricate tapestry of creation. In this act of cosmic governance, Atum bestowed the concept of time as it related to the cyclical patterns of creationto initiate the process of bringing order and life into existence. It was Atum's divine will and creative power that led to the emergence of our radiant sun, known as Ra, a falcon-headed deity, soared across the sky, illuminating the world with his golden rays, symbolizing the inexorable cycles of creation, sustenance, and rejuvenation. Imagine you're sitting in your room, thinking about a friend you haven't spoken to in a while, and suddenly, your phone rings. It's that very friend calling you! Or maybe you have a dream about winning a race, and the next day at school, you find out there's going to be a race, and you decide to participate and end up winning. These moments may make you wonder: how is it possible for our thoughts or dreams to align with the events happening around us? The concept of synchronicity, popularized by Swiss psychologist Carl Jung, draws upon astrological principles. It suggests that there are meaningful coincidences between inner psychological states and external events in the world. Astrology's emphasis on the interconnectedness of celestial bodies and human experiences aligns with the philosophical notion that everything is interconnected, and there are hidden patterns and correspondences at play. Well, that's where quantum entanglement comes into play. Think of it like this: there are tiny particles, like atoms or electrons, that can become connected in a very special way. It's as if they have a special relationship that makes them act as one, even when they're separated by great distances. This means that what happens to one particle instantly affects the other, no matter how far apart they are! Mathematics, often regarded as the realm of Absolute Truth, shares a fascinating parallel with confidence in Empirical Truths and Faith in Divine Truth. Just as scientific laws and empirical evidence provide a solid foundation for understanding and predicting natural phenomena, mathematics offers a rigorous framework for logical reasoning and deductive thinking. Within the realm of mathematics, concepts and principles are universally regarded as true and unchanging, transcending individual perceptions or beliefs. Mathematical truths, such as the Pythagorean theorem or the laws of algebra, are considered immutable and independent of cultural differences or the passage of time. These truths are firmly grounded in logical proofs and exhibit consistent validity across diverse cultures and historical periods. Numerology, rooted in the belief that numbers hold profound symbolic meaning, has significantly influenced the study of mathematics. Numerologists assign meanings and characteristics to individual numbers, unveiling hidden connections and patterns that enrich our understanding of mathematical principles. This infusion of symbolism and metaphor expands our perception of numbers, revealing their deeper significance in the fabric of reality. By exploring the relationships and combinations of numbers, numerology seeks to unravel deeper truths and draw intriguing connections to various aspects of life, such as personality traits, destinies, and spiritual significance. Through this exploration, numerology unveils hidden truths and provides profound insights into the human experience. It is through the interplay of numerical patterns and their symbolic interpretations that numerology offers a unique perspective, merging the realms of mathematics and spirituality to enrich our exploration of mathematical concepts and enhance our understanding of the world. In the mystical tradition of numerology, pi holds a profound significance. Its value is seen as a gateway to deeper realms of knowledge and spiritual enlightenment. Numerologists believe that by contemplating the digits of pi, one can tap into the mystical energies and vibrations that permeate the universe, gaining insights into the hidden truths and spiritual realms beyond our ordinary perception. In ancient cultures, such as ancient Egypt and ancient Greece, pi was intertwined with spiritual and religious beliefs. It was considered a hidden key that unlocked the mysteries of the cosmos, revealing the underlying harmony and interconnectedness of all things. In the realm of traditional astrology, the term "luminaries" carries profound significance as it designates the two most radiant celestial entities gracing the heavens: the Sun and the Moon. Indeed, the very essence of the word "luminary" evokes the notion of a fount of light, portraying these celestial bodies as the paramount sources of both illumination and vital force within astrological discourse. Within this astrological framework, the Sun assumes the mantle of a celestial representation of an individual's core identity, vital essence, and ego. It serves as a profound symbol linked to one's conscious self, indomitable willpower, and overarching sense of purpose. An individual's Sun sign, fundamentally shaped by the Sun's positioning within the zodiac at the moment of their birth, stands as a defining factor in determining their astrological identity. Conversely, the Moon assumes a distinct role, symbolizing the terrain of emotions, instincts, and the enigmatic realm of the subconscious mind. The sacred precinct of Karnak houses the majestic temple known as Nesut-Towi, meaning "Throne of the Two Lands, serving as a magnificent testament to the grandeur of ancient Egypt. Upon arrival, visitors are instantly captivated by the towering pylon gate, emanating power and majesty through its intricate carvings and vibrant colors. The gate's immense doors are elaborately decorated with symbolic motifs and hieroglyphs. Beyond this impressive entrance lies the Avenue of Sphinxes, flanked on both sides by a striking procession of mythical creatures. Each sphinx, meticulously carved from stone, combines the body of a lion with the head of either a human or an animal, typically a ram or a falcon. Positioned regally in a seated posture, their forepaws rest on a rectangular base. Their expressions are both regal and enigmatic, enveloping the entire avenue in an aura of mystique and symbolic resonance. The lion's body symbolizes strength and power, while the human or animal head represents intelligence and divinity. Egyptians profound belief of the divine, cosmic order, and the interconnectedness of the spiritual and physical realms. The avenue creates a gradual transition from the outside world to the sacred space of the temple. Stepping beyond this impressive entrance, one encounters the awe-inspiring Avenue of Sphinxes, with mythical creatures lining both sides of the path. Each sphinx, intricately carved from stone, features the body of a lion and the head of either a human or an animal, often a ram or a falcon. Positioned regally in a seated posture, their forepaws rest upon a rectangular base, exuding a sense of regality and enigma that envelops the entire avenue, creating an aura of mystique and symbolic resonance. The lion's body symbolizes strength and power, while the human or animal head represents intelligence and divinity, reflecting the profound Egyptian belief in the interconnectedness of the spiritual and physical realms and the divine cosmic order. As visitors traverse the avenue, they experience a gradual transition from the outside world into the sacred space of the temple, emphasizing the significance of the journey. Upon entering the grand hypostyle hall, an architectural marvel featuring towering columns that seemingly reach towards the heavens, a profound sense of awe is evoked. The sheer scale of these columns, adorned with intricate reliefs and hieroglyphs, showcases the exceptional craftsmanship and dedication that went into their creation. The hall resembles a forest of columns, with each one telling a unique story through detailed carvings depicting scenes from mythology and religious rituals. The term "hypostyle" refers to a structure with a roof or ceiling supported by rows of columns, which is a defining characteristic of the Karnak Hypostyle Hall. The primary function of the 134 massive columns within this hall is to bear the weight of an equally substantial roof. Large slabs were strategically positioned to block out the sun, allowing only faint rays of light to penetrate through small square holes in each slab. Supporting the roof slabs are a network of ceiling beams known as architraves, which connect the columns and contribute to the overall integrity of the architecture. Moving deeper into the temple, there are smaller chambers and sanctuaries, each dedicated to the worship of different deities revered in ancient Egypt. These intimate spaces offer a glimpse into the complex religious practices and beliefs of the civilization. The walls of these chambers are adorned with vivid paintings, meticulously crafted by skilled artisans of the time. These vibrant depictions showcase the gods and goddesses of the Egyptian pantheon in all their splendor. The artists spared no effort in capturing the divine essence and attributes of each deity, infusing the paintings with rich symbolism and detail. The colors used in the paintings hold profound significance. The ancient Egyptians believed that colors held magical properties and spiritual associations. Therefore, they carefully selected pigments to convey specific meanings. For instance, gold represented divinity and eternal power, while blue symbolized the heavens and the Nile River, a life-giving force in the arid land. Green represented fertility and rebirth, associated with the cycles of agriculture, while red symbolized vitality and life force. The air was thick with a sense of reverence and the lingering aroma of incense. Reaching the innermost sanctuary, I stood before the sacred statue of Amun-Re, the centerpiece of the temple. The statue, crafted with exquisite detail and adorned with precious materials, radiated an aura of divine power. I couldn't help but feel a profound sense of connection to the ancient Egyptians who had worshipped here, their faith palpable in every inch of the temple. Leaving the sanctuary, I ventured into the courtyards surrounding the main temple. Here, I found spaces for contemplation and reflection, adorned with serene gardens and pools of water. The gentle sound of trickling water and the rustling of leaves provided a soothing backdrop to the spiritual journey I was undertaking. As I walked out of the temple, a feeling of awe and reverence stayed with me. The experience of walking through the gate and exploring the sacred spaces of the temple had transported me to a different time, immersing me in the rich religious and cultural traditions of ancient Egypt. The temple of Amun-Re at Karnak had left an indelible mark on my soul, a testament to the enduring power of human devotion and the magnificent achievements of ancient civilizations. Babylonian astrologers, for example, carefully observed the rising and setting of specific stars and constellations, using these celestial markers to determine the beginning and end of particular agricultural seasons. They also recognized the influence of the Moon's phases on tides and water cycles, which had direct implications for irrigation and planting decisions. By aligning their agricultural practices with the movements of celestial bodies, these astrologers aimed to optimize crop production and ensure successful harvests. The alignment of the Egyptian pyramids towards the pole star and the orientation of the temple of Amun-Re at Karnak towards the rising of the midwinter Sun demonstrate the meticulous attention ancient Egyptians paid to astronomical phenomena. These observations were crucial for determining the dates of religious festivals, marking the hours of the night, and maintaining the agricultural calendar tied to the flooding of the Nile River. The alignment of the temple of Amun-Re at Karnak was carefully designed to capture the rising of the midwinter Sun. Amun-Re, a powerful deity in ancient Egyptian religion, was a combination of two important gods: Amun, the hidden one, and Re, the sun god. As a solar deity, Amun-Re represented the sun's life-giving and transformative power. This celestial alignment marked important solar events, such as the winter solstice, and served as a symbolic representation of the annual cycle of the Sun. In the city of Thebes, located on the eastern bank of the Nile River in present-day Luxor, Egypt, Dr. Emily Thompson embarked on her archaeological expedition in search of ancient Egyptian treasures. Thebes, also known as Waset in ancient times, was a significant cultural and religious center in ancient Egypt, housing numerous temples, tombs, and burial sites. Dr. Thompson's excavation site was situated in the heart of this historic city, amidst the remnants of the once-glorious New Kingdom, also known as the Egyptian Empire, spanned from the 16th century BCE to the 11th century BCE. the Middle Kingdom period of ancient Egyptian history, specifically from the 9th Dynasty to the 12th Dynasty. This period corresponds roughly to the timeline of the Middle Kingdom, which is generally considered to span from around 2055 BCE to 1650 BCE. 1997 was a year of progress and change, with significant milestones such as the signing of the Kyoto Protocol on climate change, the launch of the Mars Pathfinder mission, and the return of Hong Kong to Chinese sovereignty. Thebes 1997, Dr. Emily Thompson, a renowned archaeologist specializing in ancient Egyptian astronomy, stood in awe as she uncovered the wooden coffin lids from the excavation site in the heart of Egypt. The fragile lids, adorned with intricate carvings and hieroglyphs, held the promise of unlocking secrets from the past. With meticulous care, she delicately brushed away the layers of dust and debris, revealing the hidden treasures beneath. As Dr. Thompson examined the diagonal star clocks etched on the inside surface of the lids, she knew she had stumbled upon a remarkable discovery. The arrangement of stars and symbols puzzled her at first, but her years of research and expertise in ancient Egyptian astronomy guided her in unraveling their meaning. The ancient Egyptians were meticulous record-keepers, and they documented various aspects of their culture, including astronomy and astrology. Carefully inscribed on these coffin lids were intricate designs of diagonal star clocks, meticulously detailing the positions and alignments of celestial bodies. A diagonal star clock, also known as a diagonal decan star clock, is an ancient Egyptian astronomical instrument used for timekeeping and celestial observation. renowned archaeologist Dr. Emily Thompson made an extraordinary discovery during her excavation in the ancient burial site of Thebes. As she meticulously examined the wooden coffin lids unearthed from the tombs of the 9th Dynasty to the 12th Dynasty, she noticed something intriguing on the inside surfaces. It consists of a series of diagonal lines or divisions on a flat surface, typically found on the inside surface of wooden coffin lids or ceilings of tombs. These lines are marked with specific stars or asterisms associated with the decans, which are small constellations or groups of stars that rise consecutively over the eastern horizon during specific time intervals. Driven by curiosity and a deep passion for ancient astronomy, Dr. Thompson embarked on a quest to decipher the enigmatic markings and unravel their true meaning. Through years of meticulous research and collaboration with fellow experts, she successfully decoded the inscriptions and revealed the hidden knowledge of the Decans, an ancient Egyptian system of dividing the night sky into smaller time divisions. This groundbreaking discovery shed new light on the profound astronomical knowledge and spiritual beliefs of the ancient Egyptians, offering us a glimpse into their sophisticated understanding of the cosmos. The coffins discovered by Dr. Emily Thompson are currently housed in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, Egypt. The museum is renowned for its extensive collection of ancient Egyptian artifacts, including sarcophagi and coffin lids from various periods of Egyptian history. The coffins are carefully preserved and displayed in the museum, allowing visitors to appreciate their artistic and historical significance. Babylonians were undoubtedly influenced by their profound fascination with the celestial cycles and their deep connection to astrology. As they sought to unravel the mysteries of the heavens, they recognized the need for a numerical system that seamlessly harmonized with their astrological beliefs, enabling them to integrate their celestial knowledge into a comprehensive framework. In this pursuit, they discovered the remarkable base 60 system, which strikingly mirrored the rhythmic patterns they observed in the heavens. This numerical system provided them with the precise means to measure time, angles, and other quantities related to astronomical phenomena, allowing them to express the intricacies of their astrological knowledge in a structured and practical manner. The profound mystery of the Trinity, which lies at the heart of my faith. The Trinity is the belief in the triune nature of God as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, three distinct persons in one divine essence. This mystery encompasses the deep interconnectedness and unity within the divine nature. This exploration of numbers resonates with the understanding that there are multiple aspects and dimensions within the the intricate interplay of three distinct persons in one God. The number pi, with its numerical value of approximately 3.14159 and its infinite decimal expansion, consists of three essential components that parallel the distinct persons within the Holy Trinity. The first component of pi is its whole number part, which is 3. This integer represents the unity and indivisible essence of the Trinity. In Catholic theology, the Father is considered the source of all creation, the eternal and unchanging foundation from which all things originate. This unity is reflected in the whole number part of pi, signifying the oneness of God. In Christian theology, the belief is that Jesus, as the second person of the Trinity, is begotten by the Father, meaning that he is eternally generated or born of the Father. Just as the fraction of pi continues indefinitely without reaching a final value, Jesus is believed to be the eternal Son of God, without beginning or end. He is seen as the embodiment of divine love, grace, and wisdom, constantly revealing God's nature and offering salvation to humanity. The third component, the Holy Spirit, is symbolized by the infinite and non-repeating nature of the fractional part of pi, revealing a pattern that eludes human comprehension. Just as we marvel at the fact that the pattern of pi's digits cannot be fully comprehended or perceived by human minds, the workings of the Holy Spirit are also characterized by a divine pattern that surpasses our understanding. The Holy Spirit, like the infinite and mysterious nature of pi, operates according to a pattern known only to God, guiding and inspiring us in ways that go beyond our limited perception. By recognizing this divine pattern, we are invited to embrace the mystery of the Holy Spirit's work in our lives, trusting in the Spirit's guidance and illumination of God's truth. By engaging with symbols and metaphorical expressions, even atheists can find value in the pursuit of knowledge and the quest for deeper insights into the nature of reality. This is a proposed mathematical expression a framework to contemplate the interplay between the Trinity and the numerical value of pi. Trinity Particle Equation |Ψ〉 = πc1|1〉 + πc2|2〉 + πc3|3〉 The Trinity Particle Equation, represented as |Ψ〉 = πc1|1〉 + πc2|2〉 + πc3|3〉, encapsulates the profound nature of the Holy Trinity, incorporating the eternal aspect that pi brings to the equation. Here, |Ψ〉 symbolizes the state of a quantum particle, and c1, c2, and c3 represent numerical coefficients determining the importance of each possibility. The inclusion of π in each term not only signifies the infinite and non-repeating nature of this mathematical constant but also emphasizes the incomprehensible aspect of the pattern it reveals. Just as the digits of pi extend infinitely without a discernible pattern, the Trinity Particle Equation acknowledges the ineffable and mysterious nature of the Trinity, transcending human understanding. The Egyptians Master Builders (Sesh Khetiu) believed that the precise and unchanging value of pi reflected the divine nature of the universe. They saw pi as a fundamental principle governing the circular and cyclical nature of the cosmos. The circular shape of the sun, moon, and other celestial bodies became symbolic representations of the divine, and the calculation of pi was regarded as a way to understand the sacred geometry underlying these celestial movements. The Egyptians' understanding of pi can be seen in their construction of pyramids, temples, and other monumental structures, where they employed precise geometric principles to achieve remarkable architectural feats. They believed that geometry and mathematics held a sacred and mystical significance, connecting the physical world with the divine. The Egyptians used a value of pi that was approximately 3.16, although they may have also used other approximations such as 22/7. This value was incorporated into the calculations and measurements used to lay out the foundations, angles, and dimensions of the pyramid. The precise alignment of the sides of the pyramid and the base, as well as the angles of its slopes, required a deep understanding of geometry and mathematical principles. The integration of astrology and the base 60 system bestowed upon the Babylonians a newfound ability to navigate the complexities of the celestial realm with enhanced precision and clarity. Through their dedicated exploration, they developed sophisticated mathematical techniques and calculations firmly rooted in their astrological observations. By understanding and harnessing the power of the base 60 system, they could analyze and interpret celestial phenomena in a manner that resonated deeply with their astrological beliefs, forging a profound connection between the heavens and their earthly endeavors. Moreover, the Babylonians' utilization of the base 60 system extended beyond their astrological pursuits. They recognized the practical need to measure and record time, a fundamental aspect of their astronomical observations. Hence, they divided the day into twenty-four hours, each hour into sixty minutes, and each minute into sixty seconds. Furthermore, they also assigned 360 days to a year. This choice, inherent in their base-60 system, allowed them to effectively handle fractions of time and perform calculations essential for both astronomical observations and calendar calculations. By adopting the base 60 system, the Babylonians could seamlessly express time and conduct mathematical operations in a manner that aligned harmoniously with their profound understanding of the celestial movements, while also meeting their practical requirements for timekeeping and recording astronomical events. One notable artifact that showcases the Babylonians' expertise in utilizing the base 60 system is the renowned clay tablet known as Plimpton 322, which holds great significance in the field of mathematics and ancient astronomy. Plimpton 322, is located in the G.A. Plimpton Collection at Columbia University. It measures approximately 13 cm wide, 9 cm tall, and 2 cm thick, although it is partly broken. The tablet was acquired by New York publisher George Arthur Plimpton from the archaeological dealer Edgar J. Banks around 1922. Plimpton later bequeathed it, along with the rest of his collection, to Columbia University in the mid-1930s. According to Banks, the tablet originated from the site of Senkereh, which corresponds to the ancient city of Larsa in southern Iraq. It is believed to have been written around 1800 BC, based on the style of handwriting used in its cuneiform script. Plimpton 322 is thought to belong to the period between 1900-1600 BC This estimation is based on formatting similarities with other tablets from Larsa that have explicit dates inscribed on them. It is worth noting that the tablet follows the same format as other administrative documents from that time, rather than mathematical ones. MCT 038, Plimpton 322 (P254790) Primary Publication: Sachs, Abraham J.; Neugebauer, Otto E. (1945) MCT 038, Plimpton 322 Collection: Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA Museum no.: CULC 460 Provenience: Larsa (mod. Tell as-Senkereh) Period: Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC) Object Type: tablet or envelope > tablet Material: clay 322 consist of a table of numbers written in Babylonian sexagesimal notation. It features four columns and fifteen rows, with the fourth column representing the row numbers from 1 to 15. While the second and third columns are fully preserved and legible, the edge of the first column has been damaged, resulting in some missing digits. Interestingly, there are two consistent interpretations regarding the missing digits, differing only in whether each number starts with an additional digit equal to 1. It contains a list of Pythagorean triples, whcich are special sets of numbers that have a special relationship with right-angled triangles. A right-angled triangle is a triangle that has one angle that measures 90 degrees, like the corners of a square. The Pythagorean theorem tells us that in a right-angled triangle, the square of the length of the longest side, called the hypotenuse, is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. Although the tablet does not directly mention the concept of pi, the presence of Pythagorean triples can be related to the geometric properties of right triangles, which are essential for understanding the relationship between the circumference and diameter of a circle, and therefore indirectly related to pi. The tablet provides valuable insights into the mathematical knowledge and practices of the Babylonians during that time period. In philosophers and mathematicians, such as Pythagoras and Euclid, explored the mathematical properties of pi and recognized its connection to the fundamental nature of reality. The fundamental laws and principles of physics represent our closest approximations to empirical truth. They encompass various phenomena, including the governing laws of light and magnetism. These principles have undergone rigorous testing and validation through experimentation and observation, providing physicists and engineers with a comprehensive understanding of how these phenomena behave and interact with the world around us. The law governing light asserts that it travels in straight lines and at a constant speed in a vacuum, known as the speed of light. When light interacts with different materials, it can undergo reflection, refraction, or absorption, influencing our perception of objects and colors. The law of reflection establishes that the angle of incidence of a light ray is equal to the angle of reflection, elucidating the mechanisms behind light reflection from surfaces. Magnetism, stemming from the alignment and movement of electrons within materials, follows distinct laws that explicate the attractive force between opposite magnetic poles and the repulsive force between similar poles. Furthermore, the principles of magnetism enable physicists and engineers to determine the strength and direction of magnetic fields, serving as the foundation for applications such as compasses, motors, and generators. Additionally, electromagnetism establishes the interconnectedness of electricity and magnetism, highlighting how electric currents generate magnetic fields and how magnets induce electric currents. By comprehending these laws and principles, physicists and engineers gain profound insights into the behaviors and interactions of light, magnetism, and electromagnetism, allowing for their utilization in various scientific and technological endeavors. By utilizing these fundamental laws and principles, physicists and engineers have developed practical applications and technologies that rely on our reliable understanding of light and magnetism. These achievements further reinforce the validity of our current understanding and the level of confidence we have in these principles. The understanding and interpretation of Truth can shape our knowledge of good and evil. Different perspectives and subjective experiences influence how individuals perceive and define what is considered good or evil. Cultural, societal, and personal factors all contribute to shaping our understanding of morality. My perspective of Truth is grounded in the intersection of spiritual assurance and intellectual curiosity. As a Cultural Anthropologist, my faith isn't centered on blind allegiance to imperfect individuals who might neglect Reason. Instead, I hold a deep-seated faith in the ever-present wisdom encapsulated in the architecture of Truth. This wisdom is akin to a pure, illuminating light, comparable to the sun, readily available to the intuitive understanding of all individuals. For an atheist, the wisdom is the light of observable reality and empirical truth understood through logical reasoning that is inherent in every human being. As our understanding and interpretation of truth evolves, so too can our understanding of what is deemed good or evil. Different cultures and individuals may have varying moral frameworks and interpretations of ethical principles, influenced by their beliefs, values, and experiences In Buddhism, wisdom isn't necessarily rooted in empirical evidence alone. It's deeply intertwined with experiential understanding, introspection, and the pursuit of enlightenment. This enlightened understanding, in turn, is believed to transcend observable reality, touching on the deeper interconnectedness of all things and the impermanence of the self. In my Christian community, wisdom is viewed not merely as intellectual knowledge, empirical evidence, experiential understanding, or introspection, but as a Divine Gift. It's intertwined with faith, prayer, and contemplation. My Catholic understanding of enlightenment may align more closely with the concept of Theosis, or Deification, which involves growing in likeness to God through the grace of the Holy Spirit. My Protestant friends may refer to Theosis as Sanctification. They focus more on moral and ethical transformation aligned with Christ's teachings, often stressing the role of personal faith, the indwelling of the Holy Spirit, and adherence to the teachings of the Bible. Christians believe in the continuous moral and spiritual growth towards Christ-likeness, guided by the Holy Spirit and Bible study. The process culminates in Perfect Sanctification when the believer, at resurrection, is entirely free from sin and fully conformed to Christ's image. My Jewish friends diverge significantly in their theological understandings, especially around concepts such as Theosis and Sanctification. This is due to fundamentally different beliefs about the nature of God, the Messiah, and salvation. However, the general emphasis on moral and ethical transformation, the importance of living according to the Divine Commandments in the Torah, and the pursuit of a deeper relationship with the Creator parallels Christian traditions. Both Traditional and Messianic Jews remind me that wisdom comes not just from intuition, but through an active relationship with God, the study of Scripture, and the guidance of the Creator. A New Age Theosophist might also see wisdom in this light. They're not necessarily bound by any specific religious doctrine but view it as a universal spiritual truth that transcends any one faith. They value personal spiritual growth and the evolution of consciousness as key means to access this wisdom. Indigenous peoples, such as Native American tribes, traditionally place a significant emphasis on the interconnectedness of all life, with wisdom being derived from this holistic understanding of the universe. Wisdom, for them, is not an abstract concept, but a practical understanding gained through lived experience, observance of nature, oral traditions, and the guidance of elders. The concept of an 'architecture of Truth' could be seen as analogous to the intricate web of relationships that exist within the natural world and among people, spirits, and the Creator. The illumination of wisdom, comparable to the sun, may resonate with many Native American spiritual beliefs that revere the sun as a powerful symbol of life-giving energy and spiritual illumination. Embracing Faith instills a mindset of unity and interconnectedness, cultivating a deep confidence in the profound Truth that governs our universe. This perspective facilitates a synergistic exploration of spiritual and empirical pathways toward understanding our world. It encourages the contemplation of a generative force within the universe, a concept that beautifully bridges spiritual and scientific thought. By acknowledging this force, we can perceive an intricate design, intelligible to some as a spiritual blueprint, and to others as a natural sequence of cosmic events or a pattern of statistical probabilities. This shared point of focus on a generative force, irrespective of our spiritual or scientific leaning, can unify our perspectives and deepen our collective understanding of the mysteries of existence. Such a mindset guides us to traverse diverse paths in spirituality, science, or philosophy, leading to a deeper understanding and appreciation of the world's intricacies. This Truth, akin to nature, may also be shaped by collective consciousness and the transformative ideas shared by individuals throughout history. However, it's essential to note that the concepts of wisdom, spiritual growth, moral transformation, and even faith itself can be interpreted differently within the diverse traditions I discuss in this essay. It is also important to critically evaluate these ideas and seek out reason-based explanations in order to better understand our world around us. Additionally, my understanding the of Wisdom of Truth continues to deepen and evolve with time. Truth of Positive and Negative Outcomes Through empirical investigation, scientists have observed that magnets have two distinct poles. When a magnet is freely suspended, one end points towards the Earth's geographic North Pole, which is referred to as the magnetic north pole or simply the north pole of the magnet. The other end points towards the Earth's geographic South Pole, known as the magnetic south pole or the south pole of the magnet. Positive and negative numbers play a role in arithmetic operations, comparisons, and data processing. Empirical observations and experiments can be conducted to validate the accuracy and reliability of mathematical operations involving positive and negative values. By studying the empirical properties and interactions of positive and negative polarities in magnetism, scientists have been able to develop practical applications and technologies, such as electric motors, generators, and magnetic storage devices. These applications rely on our empirical understanding of how positive and negative polarities manifest in the behavior of magnets. Empirical analysis of positive and negative in programming involves examining how these values are used to evaluate conditions, make decisions, and control program flow. Positive conditions typically represent the desired or expected outcome, while negative conditions indicate exceptions or deviations from the expected behavior. Empirical analysis in programming can involve examining the representation and manipulation of numerical values. In this context, positive and negative numbers play a role in arithmetic operations, comparisons, and data processing. Empirical observations and experiments can be conducted to validate the accuracy and reliability of mathematical operations involving positive and negative values. Furthermore, empirical analysis can be applied to study the impact of positive and negative inputs on program behavior, such as how different types of data or user inputs affect program performance or produce specific outcomes. By analyzing empirical data collected from real-world usage or controlled experiments, programmers can gain insights into how positive and negative inputs influence program behavior and identify potential areas for improvement. Empirically, positive and negative charges play a crucial role in understanding atomic and molecular behavior. Through empirical observations and experiments, scientists have determined that atoms consist of a positively charged nucleus, containing protons, and negatively charged electrons that orbit around the nucleus. This empirical understanding forms the basis of the atomic structure and the concept of electrical charge in chemistry. Chemical reactions also involve the transfer or sharing of electrons between atoms, resulting in the formation of positive and negative ions. Empirical studies have demonstrated that atoms can gain or lose electrons, leading to the creation of ions with either a positive charge (cations) or a negative charge (anions). These charged particles are vital in chemical reactions and the formation of compounds. Empirical and theoretical investigations in chemistry aim to understand the distribution of positive and negative charges within molecules and how these charges influence chemical properties, bonding, and reactivity. The understanding of positive and negative charges is essential for comprehending chemical reactions, ionic interactions, and the behavior of substances in different environments. Empirically, positive and negative are often used in the context of electrical charges within biological systems. Many biological processes rely on the movement of charged particles, such as ions, across cell membranes. These charged particles play crucial roles in cellular functions, including nerve impulses, muscle contractions, and the maintenance of pH balance. For example, the movement of sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions across cell membranes creates electrical potentials that are essential for the transmission of nerve signals. Empirical studies have provided insights into the mechanisms and regulation of ion channels, transporters, and pumps that control the movement of these charged particles.From a theoretical perspective, positive and negative can be explored in the context of biological interactions and feedback mechanisms. For instance, positive and negative feedback loops are regulatory mechanisms that help maintain homeostasis and control physiological processes. Positive feedback amplifies a signal or response, while negative feedback counteracts or dampens it, helping to maintain stability and balance in biological systems. Furthermore, positive and negative can be examined in terms of biological effects and outcomes. For example, positive effects may refer to beneficial or desired outcomes, such as the positive impact of exercise on cardiovascular health. On the other hand, negative effects may refer to adverse or undesirable outcomes, such as the negative impact of certain toxins on cellular function. Empirically, positive and negative electrical charges play a significant role in understanding the functioning of neurons and neural communication. Neurons generate electrical impulses, known as action potentials, which are based on the movement of charged ions across their cell membranes. The balance between positive and negative charges inside and outside the neuron is essential for the transmission of signals and information within the nervous system. Positive and negative charges also come into play when studying the effects of neurotransmitters, which are chemical messengers that facilitate communication between neurons. Neurotransmitters can have excitatory or inhibitory effects on the receiving neuron, leading to positive or negative changes in its electrical activity and subsequent signal propagation. Positive and negative can be associated with emotional experiences and affective states in neuroscience. Positive emotions, such as happiness or pleasure, are often linked to patterns of brain activity that involve activation of specific neural circuits and release of certain neurotransmitters. Conversely, negative emotions, such as fear or sadness, may involve distinct patterns of neural activation and neurotransmitter release. Theoretical perspectives in neuroscience also explore positive and negative aspects related to brain functions and processes. For instance, positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement are psychological concepts that describe the strengthening or weakening of behaviors based on the presentation or removal of positive or negative stimuli, respectively. These principles help explain learning and motivation in relation to neural activity and reward systems in the brain. Empirically, positive outcomes can result from well-intentioned actions that align with ethical principles and promote the well-being of oneself and others. These positive outcomes can include feelings of fulfillment, improved relationships, personal growth, and positive impacts on society. Research has shown that engaging in acts of kindness and compassion, for example, can lead to increased happiness and improved overall well-being. Conversely, negative outcomes can arise from actions with harmful or negative intentions. When our intentions are driven by greed, malice, or unethical motives, the consequences can be detrimental to ourselves and others. Negative outcomes can include harm to relationships, negative emotional states, a loss of trust, and negative impacts on society. Research has shown that acts of aggression or deceit, for instance, can lead to increased stress, guilt, and damage to social connections. Furthermore, positive and negative can be examined in terms of neural plasticity, which refers to the brain's ability to change and adapt over time. Positive changes in neural connections and synaptic strength can occur through processes like long-term potentiation, enabling learning and memory formation. Conversely, negative changes, such as synaptic pruning, help refine neural circuits and eliminate unnecessary connections. The Vagus Nerve's Influence on Instinctual and Spiritual Behavior Instinctual behaviors are specific and purposeful responses the brain uses to shape the adaptive actions of individuals across species. Rooted in genetic makeup, instincts are innate and instinctive responses to environmental cues. They drive a range of behaviors crucial for survival, reproduction, and fitness. Sensory inputs trigger these instincts, directing individuals towards actions that enhance their chances of survival and adaptation. Survival instincts lead to resource-seeking and danger avoidance, while reproductive instincts respond to suitable mating conditions. Territorial instincts protect valuable resources, and migration instincts guide individuals to more favorable environments. Aggression, defense, and social instincts facilitate appropriate responses to threats and promote cooperative interactions. Curiosity drives exploration and adaptation to new environments. These instinctual behaviors, shaped by environmental cues, highlight the close link between stimuli and innate drives across diverse species. It is understood that the vagus nerve influences and regulates our instinctual behaviors. This enigmatic nerve, extends its delicate branches throughout our bodily systems regulating various vital functions. It plays a central role in controlling various physiological functions essential for our survival and overall well-being. It is through innervation that the nerves establish connections with the organs, ensuring the transmission of electrical signals and the regulation of various physiological functions. This intricate network of nerves ensures that our vital organs can receive the necessary instructions from the brain and spinal cord, allowing them to function harmoniously and contribute to our overall well-being. Imagine a symphony, where each instrument must play its part in perfect harmony for the music to resonate with beauty. Similarly, our organs rely on nerve supply to synchronize their activities, ensuring optimal functionality and overall well-being. Through its extensive branching and innervation of organs, including the lungs, heart, stomach, and intestines, the vagus nerve serves as a crucial regulator of vital processes like digestion, heart rate, and breathing. This intricate network enables the vagus nerve to support homeostasis and facilitate adaptive responses to stress. The profound influence of our neural physiology on instinctual behaviors and our innate drives for survival and optimal functioning is underscored by the vagus nerve's connection to these essential functions. When faced with stressors, the vagus nerve helps initiate the relaxation response, promoting a state of calmness and aiding in the restoration of balance. By modulating heart rate, breathing, digestion, and other vital functions, the vagus nerve contributes to our ability to adapt and cope with stress, ultimately supporting our overall well-being. Additionally, in moments of danger, the vagus nerve assumes a critical role in our body's response, activating the innate "fight-or-flight" mechanism that prepares us to confront the threat or seek safety. Working in conjunction with the autonomic nervous system, the vagus nerve orchestrates physiological changes, such as increased heart rate, heightened alertness, and enhanced muscle readiness, to optimize our chances of survival in the face of danger. the instinct for peace can be understood as an inherent longing for harmony and well-being deeply ingrained within our human nature. It serves as a guiding force that propels us towards creating a world characterized by peace, understanding, and mutual respect. The vagus nerve plays a significant role in supporting and facilitating this instinctual state by actively promoting relaxation and reducing stress responses. Through its regulation of vital functions such as heart rate, respiration, digestion, and emotional regulation, the vagus nerve helps establish a state of calmness and equilibrium within the body. By fostering this physiological environment, the vagus nerve contributes to the creation of an inner landscape that is conducive to experiencing peace and nurturing our overall well-being. Vagus Tree of Life In Theosophical teachings, the vagus nerve assumes a profound symbolic significance intertwined with the mystical notion of the "Tree of Life." Within this framework, the vagus nerve is recognized as a vital conduit for the harmonious flow of spiritual energy within the human body. Esoteric anatomists maintain that the branches of the vagus nerve act as channels through which the sacred essence, known as the Holy Breath or vital energy, is distributed to specific regions like the lungs and solar plexus. This Holy Breath represents the life force that sustains and animates all living beings, serving as a spiritual essence intricately linked to respiration and the very essence of human existence. This understanding accentuates the profound interconnectedness between the physical body, the dynamic flow of energy, and the ethereal dimensions of spiritual life. Within the Theosophical Anatomist perspective, the concept of vagal tone assumes profound significance. Vagal tone encompasses the level of activity and balance within the vagus nerve, a key regulator of the autonomic nervous system. A well-balanced and harmonious vagal tone is believed to foster a state of tranquility, centeredness, and openness to spiritual experiences. Cultivating a balanced vagal tone can have transformative effects on both physiological and spiritual well-being, nurturing a deeper connection to the Divine and promoting the alignment of body, mind, and spirit. Christians like myself would likely refer to the concept of vagal tone in more general terms, such as fostering a sense of inner peace, tranquility, and spiritual well-being. Emphasis is placed on practices such as prayer, meditation, and seeking God's guidance to cultivate a harmonious state of mind and spirit. This involves nurturing a deep connection with God, finding solace and strength in faith, and relying on the Holy Spirit for guidance and empowerment. While peace is not typically classified as a separate instinct in the same way as survival or reproduction, it is intertwined with various aspects of our instinctual behaviors. It is influenced by factors such as our social instincts, our capacity for empathy, and our ability to regulate our emotions. One practical way to enhance vagal tone is through gentle massage techniques that target the vagus nerve. Massaging behind the ear, where a branch of the vagus nerve is situated, and gently pulling down on the ear can activate and enhance the function of the nerve. This type of massage has been found to improve vagal tone, effectively calming an elevated heart rate and alleviating feelings of anxiety. By stimulating the vagus nerve, we can increase vagal tone, resulting in the slowing of our heart rate and breathing, and a soothing effect on our overall nervous system. It is my belief that a high vagal tone is associated with positive emotions and overall good health, creating a beneficial correlation between our well-being and the activation of the vagus nerve. Cardinal Bishop Giovanni di Fidanza, also known as Saint Bonaventure, was a bishop in Italy from 1273 until his death in 1274. In his book, "The Tree of Life" Bonaventure aims to share deep spiritual truths in a way that anyone can understand and relate to on their own spiritual journey. Through simplicity, imagination, and familiar examples, he wants to help people connect with God and develop a genuine devotion to spiritual matters. Bonaventure The Tree of Life - Prologue Drawing upon the wisdom of Cardinal Bonaventure, C. S. Lewis and the teachings of the Bible, I have constructed my own interpretation of the Tree of Life, reflecting my personal insights and understanding. At the entrance of the resplendent New Jerusalem, mighty cherubim stand as guardians of the gates, allowing only the righteous to pass through and enter the city, where the Creator dwells. These celestial beings serve as gatekeepers, symbolizing the separation between the fallen world and the realm of Divine restoration, ensuring that only those who are worthy may partake in the eternal blessings within. A sacred River of Life springs forth from the very throne of the Lion and the Lamb. The water of life clarity shimmering like sparkling crystal gracefully meandering down the city's main street, bestowing life and renewal upon all who encounter its divine currents. Standing proudly on each side of this majestic river is the towering tree of life, its branches adorned with twelve kinds of fruit, representing the eternal vitality and abundant blessings it offers. Each fruit carries a unique flavor, symbolizing a distinct aspect of Christ and His divine nature. The first fruit unveils the sweetness of His distinguished origin and blessed birth, followed by the humble way of life He embraced, the awe-inspiring power He possessed, and the profound piety that radiated from His being. The flavors continue to unfold with the confidence He displayed during the trial of His passion, the unwavering patience He demonstrated in the face of insults and injuries, and the resolute constancy He exhibited on His rough and bitter cross. The tree further offers the flavors of His victorious triumph over death, the freshness and remarkable gifts of His resurrection, and the spiritual blessings poured forth through His ascension. It encompasses the justice that will prevail in the future judgment and culminates in the eternal joy and resplendent glory of the divine kingdom. From a Jewish and Christian perspective, Adam's transgression of disobeying God's commandment not to eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, rendered him unworthy of partaking in the Tree of Life, leading to the placement of a cherubim as a guardian. Cherubim are celestial beings who serve as mighty protectors and gatekeepers. They guard the way to the Tree of Life, symbolizing the barrier between fallen humanity and the restoration of eternal life. Their presence signifies the need for redemption and the journey of humankind to regain access to the life-giving fruits of the Tree of Life. The Tree of Life, in this context, represents the ultimate restoration and the eternal communion with God. Christians believe that restoration was made possible through the redemptive work of Jesus Christ. Revelation 22:14 While there are many Protestant theologians and writers who have referenced the Tree of Life in their works, one of the most well-known figures who wrote extensively on biblical themes, including the Tree of Life, is C.S. Lewis. In "The Magician's Nephew", which is a part of The Chronicles of Narnia series, there's a garden with a tree that is reminiscent of the Tree of Life in the Garden of Eden. In this scene, Aslan, the lion who symbolizes Christ in the Narnia series, is giving Digory a task that will have a profound impact on the future of Narnia. By planting the apple, Digory creates a protective tree for Narnia, demonstrating the idea that actions taken in obedience to God (represented by Aslan) can lead to life and protection. THE MAGICIAN'S NEPHEW By C. S. Lewis CHAPTER XIV The Planting of the Tree As a Catholic I have been taught this life force energy is the very essence of God's divine presence among us. This Vital Essence is known by many names and holds various meanings in different spiritual traditions. In Christianity, we often refer to it as the Holy Spirit, Holy Ghost or the Spirit of God. Regardless of the name we use, The Spirit is the sacred and generative and transformative force that connects us to the Divine and brings forth gifts of wisdom, inspiration, and spiritual growth. The Spirit transcends our earthly divisions and embraces all who are willing to open their hearts and minds. It calls upon us to seek higher truths, to pursue justice, and to love one another as Creator loves us. When we invite its transformative power to enter our lives. It revitalizes us, breathing new life into our weary spirit and igniting a flame of Divine Purpose within us. I believe that it is through the Spirit that we are reborn. It renews our innermost being, cleansing us of our doubts, fears, and shortcomings. It instills in us a sense of hope, faith, and courage to face life's challenges with resilience and grace. While I am relaxing, I like to imagine myself in a tranquil and sacred inner space where the majestic Tree of Life stands. I would like you to try and get in a state of relaxation. Message the back of your ear by vagus nerve. Imagine yourself in a tranquil and sacred inner space where the majestic Tree of Life stands. Visualize its branches reaching towards the heavens and its roots firmly grounded in the earth. Experience the vibrant energy flowing through the branches, embodying qualities of love, compassion, forgiveness, and understanding. Let these qualities permeate your being, nurturing a profound sense of tranquility. Explore the roots, symbolizing your connection to the earth and the grounding energy that supports inner peace. As you return to the present moment, carry the essence of this inner construct, where the threads of our being wander towards the embrace of living light. An Atheist can appreciate the metaphorical representation of the vagus nerve as the "Tree of Life." It symbolizes the interconnectedness of our physical body, the flow of energy, and the intricate processes that sustain human life. Furthermore, the transformative power of the human spirit can be viewed as a manifestation of our resilience, personal growth, and capacity for empathy and compassion. It is through our shared experiences, personal development, and relationships that we find purpose and meaning in life. This transformation can be seen as a reflection of our inherent capacity to learn, adapt, and evolve as individuals. It is through self-reflection, critical thinking, and the pursuit of knowledge and understanding that we can find inspiration, resilience, and the courage to face life's challenges. Solar Plexus While the vagus nerve promotes relaxation and restorative functions, the solar plexus is primarily associated with the regulation of digestive functions. The solar plexus, also known as the celiac plexus, is a complex network of nerves located in front of the diaphragm and behind the stomach near the celiac artery and the abdominal aorta. The term "solar plexus" derives from the Latin words "solaris," meaning "sun," and "plexus," meaning "a network," reflecting its radiant and intricate structure. This network of nerves branches out in a sunburst-like pattern, resembling the sun, hence its name. Symbolically, the association with the sun represents the vital energy and power associated with the solar plexus region. It is formed by the intermingling of nerve fibers from the vagus nerve and sympathetic nerve fibers originating from the thoracic segment of the spinal cord, located in the upper and middle back. The solar plexus innervates various organs including the liver, pancreas, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, kidneys, intestines, adrenal glands, and blood vessels. Through innervation, the nerves establish connections with these organs, facilitating the transmission of electrical signals and regulating physiological functions. To esoteric anatomist the solar plexus is a reflection of the True Sun (the Creator) and the source of all things in the human body. It implies a connection between the solar plexus and the spiritual concept of the Father, representing the ultimate source of creation and vitality. This perspective emphasizes the significance of the solar plexus in the overall functioning and well-being of an individual from a spiritual and metaphysical standpoint. The cosmic nurturing process of the Sun, which bathes the planets with its radiations (referred to as solar nourishment), is repeated in miniature in the digestive process. The solar stomach, after dissolving the food received from the mouth (corresponding to the distant constellations). Esoteric Anatomists believe the solar plexus processes and distributes of vital energies or forces within the body. These forces are said to enter the body and be received in the solar plexus, which then sends them out to different parts of the body as needed. Heinrich Schubert (1780-1860) considered the solar plexus to the conduit for a universal or subtle fluid, connecting humans to a natural force beyond spatial and temporal limitations. I have developed my imaginary construct of the Solar Plexus, drawing from my personal insights and understanding. Radiant light envelops a humble lamb, casting a luminous glow that reveals the presence of a majestic lion standing behind him. The lamb's gentle silhouette serves as a symbol of innocence and purity, while the radiant light signifies divine illumination and protection. The powerful lion, concealed yet ever watchful, represents strength, courage, and guardianship. Together, the lamb and the lion create a harmonious juxtaposition of gentleness and power, embodying a balance between vulnerability and authority. It is my hope that this imagery evokes a sense of awe and reverence, reminding us of the profound interplay between humility and strength in the presence of higher forces. To an Esoteric anatomist Solar tone can be defined as the functional state or balance of the autonomic nervous system specifically associated with the activity and regulation of the solar plexus, a complex network of nerves in the abdominal region. It refers to the overall tone or equilibrium of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system in relation to the solar plexus area. Solar tone encompasses the dynamic interplay between these two branches, influencing various physiological processes such as digestion, metabolism, stress response, and emotional well-being. It represents the harmonious functioning of the autonomic nervous system in the context of the solar plexus, contributing to overall health and balance. A well-balanced and harmonious solar tone fosters a state of optimal functioning and well-being in relation to the solar plexus and its associated physiological and emotional processes. It promotes a healthy balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system, leading to improved digestion, metabolism, and overall vitality. It supports a regulated stress response, allowing for resilience in the face of challenges and a greater sense of emotional stability. A positive solar tone contributes to a calm and centered state, promoting emotional well-being, clarity of mind, and a sense of inner harmony. It is believed to enhance the body's ability to handle stress, maintain energy balance, and support overall physical and mental health. One practical way to enhance solar tone is through gentle massage techniques that target the solar plexus, located just below the rib cage joint in the upper belly. Use your fingertips or the palm of your hand to apply gentle pressure and circular motions in this area. Gradually increase the pressure if it feels comfortable, but always listen to your body and avoid applying excessive force. Stress, tension, and emotional factors are often associated with this condition, which can disrupt the normal functioning of your diaphragm, the muscle responsible for breathing. If your diaphragm is contracting involuntarily and experiencing spasms. This can lead to pain, discomfort, and difficulty in breathing. Specifically target the diaphragm muscle by using kneading, rolling, or gentle shaking motions. Start from the center of the abdomen and gradually move outward in a radiating pattern, covering the entire area of the diaphragm. As you massage the diaphragm, synchronize the movements with deep, slow breaths. Inhale deeply, allowing the belly to rise, and exhale slowly, consciously relaxing the diaphragm muscle. The solar plexus serves as a crucial link between the semi-consciousness of the unconsciousness below and the consciousness above. While the brain is responsible for conscious thought, the solar plexus possesses the ability to engage in a particular phase of thought through the nerve centers located in that region. From a mystical perspective the solar plexus is a gateway to heightened spiritual experiences with beings of higher vibrational energies, transcending the limitations of our own solar system. The esoterics describe a spiritual son born in the solar plexus of each human being, typically beginning around the age of twelve. the solar plexus regarded as the center of the human world, as it serves as the link between the semi-consciousness of the unconsciousness below and the consciousness above. While the brain is responsible for conscious thought, the solar plexus is capable of a certain phase of thought through the nerve centers located there. The Age of Esoteric Enlightenment Eliphas Levi, whose real name was Alphonse Louis Constant (1810-1875), was a French occultist, author, and influential figure in the field of Western esotericism. Levi placed great importance on inner awareness and the development of the individual's spiritual and intuitive faculties. He believed that true spiritual knowledge and understanding could only be attained through introspection and inner exploration. His ideas and writings were influential in the development of subsequent occult movements, including the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn and Thelema. Levi's writings synthesized various occult traditions, including elements of Christian mysticism, Jewish Kabbalah, and Hermeticism. He sought to reconcile these esoteric teachings with Christian theology, aiming to bridge the gap between occult knowledge and traditional religious beliefs. Levi also believed that intelligence and judgment are inherently linked to liberty, and the ability to deny or affirm things. "Dogma and Ritual of High Magic" is arguably Levi's most famous and influential work in the field of Western esotericism. This two-volume work, published in 1854, is considered a foundational text in the study of ceremonial magic and occultism. It explores various aspects of magic, including ritual practices, symbolism, astrology, and the connection between the divine and the human. Levi's book is highly regarded for its comprehensive approach to magical theory and its practical instructions for performing rituals and working with spiritual forces. It has had a profound impact on subsequent occultists, esotericists, and magicians, including influential figures like H.P. Blavatsky. Eliphas Levi taught the study of electric and magnetic phenomena reveals profound insights into the Universal Laws and Principles that govern the cosmos. Levi postulated that the human body, akin to the Earth, operates based on two fundamental principles: Attraction and Radiation. Attraction refers to the magnetic force that draws objects or energies towards the body, while radiation refers to the emanation or projection of energies from the body. These principles operate within individuals, just as they do in the larger universe. According to Levi, the human body acts as a magnet, both attracting and radiating energy. This energy, often referred to as the astral fluid or magnetic fluid, flows through the body and influences the physical, mental, and spiritual aspects of an individual's being. It is this astral fluid that is responsible for various phenomena, including psychic experiences, magnetism, and the connection between the material and spiritual realms. true understanding and insight came from a magnetic intuition, which can be understood as an intuitive connection or attunement. By understanding and harnessing the principles of attraction and radiation, individuals could gain greater control over their own energies and their interactions with the energies of the universe. If one is able to recognize that they have the power to attract and radiate energy, they can gain greater control over their own energetic state and influence their interactions with the energies of the universe. I am reminded of Marvel Comics Doctor Strange created by writer Stan Lee. Strange's abilities involve tapping into various forms of energy, such as cosmic forces and mystical dimensions. Through his training and understanding of the mystic arts, he gains control over his own energetic state and learns to influence the energies of the universe. Similar to Levi's concept of the astral fluid or magnetic fluid, Doctor Strange taps into the "Mystic Energy" or the "Eldritch Force" within the Marvel universe. He channels and directs this energy to perform spells, create shields, open portals, and engage in astral projection, among other abilities. Bringing into being or development (Bhavana): This refers to the cultivation of mental qualities, often translated as meditation. Levi wrote, that through training the "enlightened individual" or "awakened being" has achieved a high level of consciousness, awareness, and understanding of the world around them. One becomes illuminated with deep insights into themselves and the nature of reality. The enlightened transcend the limitations of ordinary perception and attaining a state of wisdom and enlightenment. The enlightened have the ability to perceive truth directly through the light of their own awareness. They possess a heightened sense of perception and intuition that surpasses the need for external signs or symbols. These individuals can sense impressions that reveal the essence of a person, penetrating beyond superficial appearances to grasp their true nature. They demonstrate a profound insight into the hearts and intentions of others, even if they choose to feign ignorance to disarm the fear or hatred directed towards them by the wicked. One-pointedness of mind (Cittass’ Ekaggata): This is a key aspect of meditative concentration, where the mind is fully focused on a single object or thought. Equanimity (Upekkha): One of the highest spiritual qualities in Buddhism, equanimity is a state of calm and even-mindedness, irrespective of the vicissitudes of life. I like to visualize a gentle glow of light surrounding and emanating from the core of my being. This radiant light represents unwavering faith, the foundation upon which my belief system rests. Every aspect of my being trusts in the existence of a higher power, Some see it as Happiness, Truth, Justice, Love, Beauty, and other constructed forms and traditions passed down through generations. Envision a sacred text, symbol, or concept that holds deep meaning for you. Allow it to come to life in your mind's eye, vibrant with wisdom, guidance, and spiritual truth. Catholicism has given me a moral and ethical compass in my life's journey. See yourself moving forward on the path with confidence, knowing that your unwavering faith guides you toward a higher purpose and ultimate spiritual fulfillment. This exploration delves into the transformative power found in the interaction and correspondence of opposing forces, recognizing that growth and evolution often emerge from the tension and integration of such forces. As these opposing forces engage, they engender a dynamic exchange of energies that culminate in a state of balance, harmony, and growth. The interplay of contraries can be observed in nature, where the continual generation, movement, and transformation occur through the interaction and correspondence of opposing forces. Scientific exploration allows for an appreciation of these manifestations, particularly in phenomena like electric and magnetic phenomena, which unveil the affinities and antipathies of certain substances. Understanding the concept of preponderances enables us to recognize that individuals possess a unique blend of masculine and feminine qualities within themselves, irrespective of their gender identity. This understanding highlights the fluidity and dynamic nature of gender-related energies and how they can shape an individual's experiences and interactions. At different times, masculine or feminine qualities or energies may take prominence, manifesting in various ways, such as assertiveness, logic, and directness for masculine traits, and nurturing, intuition, and empathy for feminine traits. Self-conscious truth is living thought. Truth is thought as it is in itself, and formulated thought is speech. Hence it is said in the sacred and symbolical books that men will be judged, not according to their thoughts and their ideas, but according to their works. through conscious intention and the directed use of thought, we have the ability to shape and manipulate the manifestations of the spiritual and material realms. Levi's teachings highlight the interplay between spirit, matter, and thought. It emphasizes the inseparable connection between the spiritual and material aspects of existence and the transformative potential that lies within our ability to engage with and direct the creative forces at play. By recognizing the inherent presence of Spirit, the animating force within all matter, and by consciously harnessing the power of thought, individuals can align themselves with the universal movement and actively participate in the ongoing creation and transformation of the world around them. Levi suggests the Spirit of Light and Wisdom as the source and sustainer of life. He suggests that the Light, representing the Divine Word or Truth, has an inherent desire to be perceived and known by consciousness the Word shines to fulfill this desire. The breath of the Spirit is seen as the creative force that gives and withdraws the life force of all beings., symbolizing the constant cycle of creation and dissolution. The soul intricately connects with the Astral Light and its impact on an individual through the entire nervous system. It is through this profound connection that the soul absorbs and interprets the energies and influences emanating from the Astral Light, shaping the experiences and perceptions of the individual According to Levi, there are individuals that have a faculty known as second sight to perceive Astral Light, which is said to be as natural as ordinary sensory sight. However, this faculty of second sight can only be accessed through the abstraction of the senses. AZOTH, the universal magnesia, represents a powerful and transformative force associated with the Astral Light, life force, and intellectual energy. Individuals who who heavily rely on rational thinking and logical analysis possess less faculties to see Astral Light. imagination has a creative power that extends not only within us but also outside of us through our fluidic projections. It implies that our imagination can manifest or project outwardly, influencing and shaping the external reality. The occultist believes one's life should reflect intentions, and through inner transformation, one can effortlessly manifest their desires in the external world. the central role of thought as the driving force behind innovation, creation, and the manifestation of our intentions. Theosophy, derived from the Greek words "theos" (divine) and "sophia" (wisdom), aimed to explore the universal spiritual truths underlying different religious and philosophical traditions. Theosophy, as a formal organization, was founded on November 17, 1875. This was the date when Helena Blavatsky, Henry Steel Olcott, and William Quan Judge officially established the Theosophical Society in New York City. Helena Blavatsky was the first President of the Theosophical Society. She held this position from the society's inception in 1875 until her passing in 1891. She authored several influential works on Theosophy and was highly influential in shaping its early teachings and philosophy. "Isis Unveiled" (1877): This two-volume work was Blavatsky's first major publication. It explores a wide range of esoteric and occult topics, including theosophical philosophy, comparative religion, ancient mythology, and the hidden wisdom of different civilizations. The Secret Doctrine" (1888): Considered Blavatsky's magnum opus, "The Secret Doctrine" is a monumental work in two volumes. It presents a comprehensive cosmogony, anthropology, and philosophy, delving into the origins and evolution of the universe, humanity, and consciousness. Blavatsky drew upon esoteric traditions from various cultures, including Hinduism, Buddhism, and ancient wisdom teachings. Blavatsky often presented her teachings as a result of direct knowledge and spiritual intuition. She claimed to be in contact with spiritual entities and to have access to hidden realms of knowledge. She states people have accused her of plagiarizing from figures like Eliphas Levi and Paracelsus, as well as from Buddhism and Brahmanism. Blavatsky defends her work, stating that it would be unreasonable to accuse Renan and Max Muller of plagiarism for drawing upon existing sources to create their own works, it is equally unreasonable and unjust to accuse her of plagiarism. All Authors draw upon existing sources to create their own works, it is equally unreasonable to accuse her of plagiarism. Aleister Crowley, a prominent occultist and writer was inspired by Blavatsky's works and teachings, particularly "The Secret Doctrine." Crowley believed that he had a mission to continue the work of Blavatsky and bring about a spiritual transformation. Crowley became a member of the Theosophical Society in 1898. He also joined the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn that year. The Golden Dawn was a secret society and magical order that focused on the study and practice of ceremonial magic, mysticism, and occultism. It is important to note that the Golden Dawn and the Theosophical Society remained distinct organizations with their own unique teachings, rituals, and practices. The Golden Dawn focused more on ceremonial magic and practical occultism, while the Theosophical Society had a broader scope, exploring spiritual and metaphysical concepts from various cultures and traditions. Dr. George W. Carey, an American physician, Esoteric Anatomist, and author, and Inez Eudora Perry, a writer and lecturer in the New Thought movement, were influenced by the writings and ideas of Helena Blavatsky. In their co-authored book "God-Man: The Word Made Flesh" (1920), they incorporated elements of Blavatsky's teachings and concepts to explore topics such as the pineal gland and spiritual regeneration. They also referenced Blavatsky's ideas to support and enhance their own theories concerning health, spirituality, and human potential. Their work aimed to bridge the gap between metaphysics and physical well-being, exploring the interconnectedness of the human body, mind, and spirit. Their book was also, based on Dr. Carey's previous work, "The Chemistry of Human Life,"(1919), which explores the relationship between biochemistry and spirituality. Carey proposed theories connecting the elements of the periodic table to physiological processes and spiritual growth. By intertwining scientific understanding with metaphysical concepts, Dr. Carey aimed to shed light on the inherent connections between the physical and the spiritual realms. Inez Eudora Perry authored several books, including "The Success Process" and "Health, Prosperity and the Soul," which aimed to empower individuals to overcome limitations and live fulfilling lives. Both Carey and Perry emphasized the mind-body connection, focusing on the idea that thoughts, emotions, and beliefs have a direct impact on one's health and well-being. They promoted holistic approaches to healing and personal development, drawing inspiration from spiritual and metaphysical principles. In "The Occult Anatomy of Man," Hall explores various aspects of human anatomy and physiology from a metaphysical and symbolic perspective. He delves into esoteric concepts, symbolism, and spiritual interpretations related to the human body. Crowley's involvement with the Golden Dawn played a significant role in shaping his understanding of esoteric traditions and occult practices. The salience network is a network of brain regions that work together to detect and filter important or salient (noticeable) sensory information. It helps us pay attention to things that are important and filter out distractions. Those of faith may argue that while it is true that our understanding of reality is influenced by our individual perspective and frame of reference, there are still fundamental aspects of consciousness that are objective and not solely dependent on the observer's experience. For example, the fact that consciousness exists and that it is a subjective experience is a universally true aspect of consciousness that is not dependent on the observer's frame of reference or perspective. There is a universality of certain spiritual experiences and practices across different cultures and time periods as evidence of this. Additionally, while individual psychology and cultural conditioning can influence our experience of consciousness, there is still a deeper, universal truth that underlies all subjective experiences of consciousness. Finally, the mystical experience of oneness with the divine transcends any relative frame of reference, providing a universal and objective insight into the nature of consciousness. Neuroscientists believe that the Thalamus plays a crucial role in the regulation of consciousness, attention, and alertness. The Thalamus acts as a filter for incoming sensory information from all parts of the body, including touch, pain, temperature, vision, hearing, and taste. It helps to focus our attention and ensure that we remain aware of what is most important in our environment. It then relays this information to the appropriate regions of the brain for processing and interpretation of the experience. Esoteric Anatomist believe that the Thalamus an essential role in our connection to the Divine. It is through the Thalamus that we receive and process information from the external world, and it is also believed to be the gateway to our inner spiritual world. Through meditation and other spiritual practices, we can learn to activate and strengthen the Thalamus, to filter out unnecessary information and allow one to experience a deeper sense of awareness and connection to the divine. The Thalamus allows one to mindful on what is truly important, including our spiritual practices and life experiences. In this way, the Thalamus is intimately connected to our spiritual journey and can help us deepen our connection to the Divine. As the optic thalamus is located in the center of the brain, it has been called the "central eye" and is believed to be associated with spiritual insight and perception. Interestingly, in some spiritual traditions, the optic thalamus has been referred to as both the "lamp" and the "lamb". This region of the brain is crucial in processing and relaying visual information from the eyes to the visual cortex, which allows us to see and interpret the world around us. Neuroscientists believe that the Claustrum may help to integrate and coordinate the activity within brain regions involved in spatial processing and movement control based on inputs received by the Thalamus. This coordinated activity may be involved in various cognitive processes such as attention, awareness, and perception. Some studies have also suggested that the Claustrum may play a role in the synchronization of neural activity across different brain regions, which is important for effective communication and information processing in the brain. The claustrum receives inputs primarily from regions of the frontal cortex, such as the The frontal eye fields (FEF) region in the frontal lobe of the brain that are involved in the control of eye movements. The claustrum sends projections back to modality-related cortical regions in both frontal and sensory cortex. In addition to these cortical connections, involved in transmitting signals and information to areas of the brain that are responsible for processing specific sensory modalities, such as vision or hearing, as well as areas that are involved in higher-order cognitive processes like decision-making and attention. The claustrum also receives information from parts of the brain that are involved in processing emotions, memories, and motivation, such as the amygdala, hippocampus, and thalamus. It also receives signals from certain brain regions that release chemicals that affect how the brain functions, like acetylcholine, serotonin, and dopamine. All of these inputs help to modulate and regulate the claustrum's activity and the communication between different regions of the brain. Esoteric Anatomists believe that the Claustrum is a highly spiritual brain region that acts as a portal to higher consciousness and mystical experiences. They believe that the Claustrum is the gateway to the soul, and it is the place where the physical body and the spiritual essence meet. The Claustrum is seen as a key component in the process of spiritual awakening, allowing individuals to perceive the world beyond the limitations of the physical senses and experience a deeper understanding of the nature of reality. The pineal gland, which is located in the posterior end of the third ventricle, produces the hormone melatonin through a biochemical pathway called the serotonin pathway. This pathway involves the conversion of the neurotransmitter serotonin into melatonin by the pineal gland. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that helps regulate mood, appetite, and sleep. Melatonin, on the other hand, is a hormone that regulates our sleep-wake cycle. The levels of melatonin rise in the late evening, remain high for most of the night, and then drop in the early morning, helping to regulate your sleep-wake cycle. Esoteric Anatomists envision the pineal gland to be the center of our mind. It is also known as the "All-seeing Eye," a source of wisdom, insight, and spiritual illumination. Descartes regarded the pineal gland as the primary connection point (seat of the soul) and the place where our thoughts are formed (consciousness), while also acknowledging the soul's indirect influence throughout the body via the nerves, which were considered as the carriers of spirits or vital forces. Descartes made a clear distinction between the physical body and the soul, understanding that physical sensations, movements, and heat pertain to the body, while thoughts belong to the soul. He considered the to soul encompasses aspects beyond the physical realm, with thought and consciousness serving as key attributes. According to Blavatsky, the pineal gland serves as a physical vestige or evidence of the previous existence and potential of the "deva-eye" suggesting that it is no longer active or functional for the majority of humanity. The word "deva" comes from Sanskrit and is often translated as "deity" or "divine being." The deva eye is believed to represent an inner faculty of perception beyond the physical senses, providing access to higher realms of consciousness, intuition, and spiritual vision. In the "The Secret Doctrine.", Blavatsky discusses the concept of spiritual and psychic involution paralleling physical evolution. She explains that in the early stages of human races, there were hermaphroditic beings with four arms and three eyes, capable of seeing in multiple directions. However, as humanity fell into matter and the separation of the sexes occurred, the inner vision and the power of the third eye diminished. Blavatsky describes the gradual petrification of the third eye, which she identifies as the pineal gland. She mentions that the pineal gland often contains mineral concretions and brain sand, indicating its atrophied state. Blavatsky's use of the term "petrified" instead of "ossified" suggests that the pineal gland has become hardened or encrusted over time. Following the spiritual and psychic decline in humanity, inner vision could only be acquired through training and initiation. However, she also acknowledges that there are individuals who possess natural abilities for inner sight without the need for extensive training or initiation. These individuals are referred to as "natural and born magicians," sensitives, or mediums. Blavatsky used the phrase "EXPANDING FROM WITHIN WITHOUT" reflecting the idea that the inner source (essence) from the astral (spiritual) realms holds the potential for the gradual emergence and development of expansion human faculties, which then become outwardly expressed and experienced in the physical world. In Albert Einstein's Big Bang theory, it is postulated that the universe originated from an extremely dense and hot singularity. At this initial state, all matter and energy were compressed into a single point of immense potentiality. Then, in a sudden expansion, the universe began to unfold and expand outward. Just as the Big Bang marked the beginning of the universe's expansion and the subsequent development of galaxies, stars, and planets, the inner source in Blavatsky's teachings represents the origin of consciousness, spiritual faculties, and human potential. The expansion from within leads to the outward expression and experience of these faculties in the physical realm. While Einstein did not embrace esoteric beliefs, his philosophical and intellectual pursuits focused on unraveling the mysteries of the universe through scientific exploration, which in itself can be seen as a form of seeking understanding and uncovering hidden truths. Blavatsky suggests that some individuals are inherently more attuned to spiritual perception and have a natural propensity for accessing higher states of consciousness and inner vision. These individuals may possess innate psychic or intuitive abilities that allow them to perceive beyond the ordinary senses. This powerful eye is believed to possess a Divine Light that guides you through the darkness of unknown uncertainty, bringing clarity and understanding to your thoughts, emotions, and experiences. Esoteric mystics train their conscious to see radiant inner light that is connected to a higher realm of spiritual wisdom. This pineal body represents the male spiritual organ that emanates a positive masculine electrical quality that asserts strength, and intellectual pursuits. It is said the divine light that comes from the pineal eye empowers you to overcome challenges, approach life with clarity and logical reasoning, and engage in pursuits that expand your knowledge and understanding. The hypothalamus contains a group of nerve cells, known as the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which controls the production of melatonin in the pineal gland. When our eyes detect a decrease in light levels, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) inhibits noradrenaline release, leading to an increase in melatonin production. The SCN, located in the hypothalamus, regulates our circadian rhythms. The pineal gland takes up serotonin from the bloodstream and converts it into melatonin. Melatonin increases drowsiness, which is why it's used as a sleep aid. It also regulates body temperature, blood pressure, and immune system function. Conversely, when our eyes detect light, the SCN signals the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to release noradrenaline, which suppresses melatonin production in the pineal gland. The hypothalamus also controls the pituitary gland and therefore influences various endocrine functions, such as metabolism, stress response, and reproduction. The term "endocrine" refers to the system of glands in the body that produce and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Esoteric Anatomists recognize the pituitary gland as the devoted servant of the pineal gland, acknowledged as the Face of the "All-seeing Eye" and the Energizer of WILL. Through its molecular motion, the female spiritual organ, specifically the Pituitary gland, acts as a catalyst for awakening the pineal gland, facilitating a connection to the Astral plane and enabling a state of pure psychic vision. During the process of awakening, the female spiritual organ, receives the Divine Essence, an undifferentiated substance representing pure and potent sentient energy, or Spirit with the potential for transformation and creation. At this point, it is believed that the individual's consciousness enters a state of Spiritual Clairvoyance, characterized by a heightened level of perception and intuitive awareness. In this state, individuals are able to receive information and insights that go beyond what can be perceived through the ordinary senses. Spiritual Clairvoyance allows for the reception of subtle energies, the exploration of higher realms of consciousness, and the access to deeper layers of knowledge and understanding. It is a state of expanded awareness that opens doors to profound insights, spiritual connections, and a deeper understanding of the mysteries of existence. In the Esoteric Anatomists framework, the spinal system is said to comprise distinct nerve canals or tubes known as Ida and Pingala. These channels serve as vital pathways connecting the lower generative centers of the body with the brain. Connected with the pineal gland is a nerve known as the Pingala. Associated with the pituitary body is the nerve called Ida. The Ida and Pingala channels correspond to the left and right sides of the spinal cord, respectively. They run alongside the spinal cord, originating from the base and extending upward. These channels are associated with specific energies and qualities, with Ida representing the feminine or lunar energy, and Pingala representing the masculine or solar energy. Within the framework of esoteric teachings The Ida and Pingala, symbolize the fundamental duality that exists in all of creation. Certain qualities and attributes in nature have been associated with the masculine, while others have been attributed to the feminine. Esoteric Anatomists believe these masculine and feminine qualities are not confined to gender but can manifest in individuals regardless of their biological sex. It is possible for a man to exhibit dominant feminine qualities if his Ida channel is more pronounced, and similarly, a woman may display dominant masculine qualities if her Pingala channel is more pronounced. This infusion of powerful and transformative energy occurs within the pituitary gland itself. As the feminine pole or negative center, the pituitary gland assumes a vital function in regulating the expressions of physical energy, providing the motivation and drive required to pursue goals and effect positive life changes. The Pituitary Body is the organ per se of the psychic plane. Pure psychic vision is caused by the molecular motion of this body, Divine Revelation While creative expression is seen as a way to explore and express one's own unique perspectives and experiences. Being influenced by the Spirit refers to the idea of divine or supernatural guidance in one's beliefs, thoughts, and actions. It is a belief in receiving inspiration or direction from a higher power, such as God or a divine entity. The influence of a higher power on the authors is seen as shaping the content and meaning of the text, guiding the words and actions of the authors, and ensuring that the message is accurately conveyed and preserved. This idea of divine influence is found in many religious traditions and is considered a central aspect of the creation and interpretation of religious texts. "In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth." When it comes to reading, the above phrase is one of the most widely recognized and remembered passages in the Bible. The phrase is found in the opening verses of the book of Genesis, it explains the creation of the world by a Higher Power, which can give people a sense of security and comfort in difficult times. To those that believe the verse evokes positive emotions in those who read or hear the words spoken. And it is considered a fundamental tenet in many religions, particularly Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. Additionally, it is an important historical and cultural reference and is widely recognized for its significance in religious texts, prayers, and teachings. Simple and memorable, the phrase is easy to recall and often used as a starting point in religious and philosophical discussions. It can play a role in promoting happiness and well-being by providing a sense of meaning and purpose, community, and guidance for ethical behavior. "For God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life" John 3:16 is considered one of the most memorable verses of Jesus due to its central message of love and salvation. This verse highlights God's immense love for humanity, as evidenced by the sacrifice of His only son, Jesus, to save people from their sins. The phrase expresses the idea that belief in Jesus leads to eternal life, which is understood to be a life free from sin, death, and suffering and full of joy, peace, and fulfillment in a relationship with God. This belief is central to the Christian faith and offers hope and comfort to believers. It is often quoted and referenced in sermons, discussions, and religious texts, making it one of the most recognizable verses in Christianity. Additionally, its simple yet powerful message has made it a popular verse for evangelism and outreach efforts. According to Christian belief, Jesus is considered to have a divine nature and possess an eternal enlightenment. He is seen as a source of divine wisdom and knowledge, and imparts it to others through his teachings. John was a witness to the life, teachings, and miracles of Jesus and recorded his experiences in the Gospel of John. As a close companion of Jesus, it is believed that John was able to draw upon his divine nature and source of wisdom and knowledge, as well as his own personal experiences, to write about Jesus and impart the teachings and messages to others. John also received visions and messages from Jesus through prophecy, which he recorded in the Book of Revelation. "Guide us to the Straight Path, the path of those whom You have favored, not of those who have earned Your anger or of those who have gone astray." This verse is considered the most memorable in the Quran as it serves as a central theme and purpose of the Surah Al-Fatihah (1:6-7), which is recited in every prayer. The verse reflects the idea of seeking guidance from God towards the right path, and it speaks to the human desire for spiritual guidance and purpose in life. The verse also highlights the idea of accountability and the consequences of one's actions, reminding individuals to strive for virtuous behavior. Additionally, its simple and straightforward language makes it easy to remember and recite, and its repetition in daily prayers has made it deeply ingrained in the minds of those who practice Islam. God's influence on the prophets Moses, John, and Muhammad is considered crucial in their teachings and actions. According to religious beliefs, each of these men received divine revelations, guidance, and direction from God, which shaped their beliefs, actions, and writings. The writings are viewed as a means of strengthening one's faith and understanding of God's plans for humanity. They are believed to offer insight into God's nature, His actions throughout history, and His ultimate goals for humanity. The messages can provide guidance, comfort, inspiration, moral teachings, and a sense of purpose to the reader, depending on their beliefs and interpretation. Throughout history many individuals have reported experiences that they perceive as being divine in nature. These experiences often involve a strong feeling of connection and guidance from a higher power, and can have a profound impact on an individual's beliefs and sense of purpose. These experiences provide a compelling argument for the possibility of divine communication. As we learn from the past, we forever struggle with the conflicting statements of historical figures who did their best with the knowledge and resources available to them. They did not consider that future generations would fiercely debate or hold animosity towards those who have differing opinions. I respectfully invite you to approach my writing with an open mind and consider the ideas presented, even if they may not align with the your current beliefs. "The road to hell is paved with good intentions." The above phrase is quite memorable, as it captures the idea that even actions that are meant to be helpful or well-intentioned can have negative consequences if not carefully thought out or executed. It has become a popular saying in modern times and is often used to caution against blindly pursuing good intentions without considering the potential outcomes. Everyone, including myself tend to view their own actions as well-intended, while evaluating (judging) the actions of others more critically. This bias may arise due to various psychological factors such as self-justification, confirmation bias, and the tendency to attribute negative behavior to dispositional factors in others while attributing positive behavior to situational factors. This phenomenon can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts in interpersonal relationships and in society at large, as people may fail to recognize their own biases and assume that their intentions are always pure, while attributing negative motives to others. It is important to cultivate self-awareness and empathy in order to overcome this bias and foster better understanding and communication among individuals and communities. The idea of using thought and intention to influence the physical world is a cross-cultural and cross-temporal concept. While the specific terms and practices may vary from culture to culture, the underlying idea of tapping into a higher power or principle through knowledge and practice is a universal human experience. The power of influence involves discernment of one's judgment and critical thinking skills to distinguish between different options, ideas, or perspectives. Some ways to develop discernment include seeking knowledge, considering multiple perspectives, reflecting on one's experiences and beliefs, and practicing mindfulness and introspection. It is also important to be aware of one's biases and assumptions, and to approach new information with an open mind and a willingness to learn and grow. Manly P. Hall was a writer and mystic who explored a range of spiritual and philosophical topics throughout his life. In his book, The Occult Anatomy of Man, Hall writes that the, "Bible is a compilation of astronomical, physiological and anatomical symbols, allegories and parables." Syncretism is the blending or mixing of different religious or philosophical beliefs and practices. Throughout the evolution of esoteric thought, there has been a continual borrowing and incorporation of ideas and practices from different cultures and traditions. This syncretism has led to the development of new and unique spiritual paths that draw on a variety of sources. For example, the hermetic tradition, which emphasizes the spiritual and philosophical teachings of Hermes Trismegistus, drew on ideas from ancient Egyptian, Greek, and Roman cultures. Theosophy also incorporated elements of Hinduism, Buddhism, and other eastern traditions. The new age movement similarly drew on a wide range of sources, including ancient spiritual practices, modern science, and various cultural and religious traditions. Some people view syncretism as a positive way to incorporate different ideas and traditions, while others see it as a dilution or distortion of the original beliefs. Prophecy An example of a fulfilled prophecy the both Jews and Christians believe was of the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem, which was occurred in 70 AD. The Hebrew Bible and New Testament contain several verses that are seen as prophetic references to the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem in 70 AD. One such verse is Jeremiah 7:12-14, which foretells the destruction of the Temple due to the wickedness of the people of Israel. The Lord warns the people, but they do not listen, so he says that he will do to the Temple what he did to Shiloh. The actual passage reads, "Go now to my place that was in Shiloh, where I made my name dwell at first, and see what I did to it because of the wickedness of my people Israel. And now, because you have done all these things," declares the Lord, "and I spoke to you, rising up early and speaking, but you did not hear, and I called you, but you did not answer, therefore I will do to the house that is called by my name, and in which you trust, and to the place that I gave to you and to your fathers, as I did to Shiloh." Another prophetic verse is Daniel 9:26, which predicts the destruction of the city and the sanctuary by the people of a future prince, with the end coming through war and a flood, and desolations being decreed. The actual passage reads, "And after the sixty-two weeks, an anointed one shall be cut off and shall have nothing. And the people of the prince who is to come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary. Its end shall come with a flood, and to the end there shall be war. Desolations are decreed." Additionally, Matthew 24:2 predicts the complete destruction of the Temple, with not one stone being left upon another. The actual passage reads, "And Jesus said to them, "Do you not see all these things? Truly, I say to you, there will not be left here one stone upon another that will not be thrown down." These verses, along with others, are interpreted as prophetic references to the destruction of the Second Temple and continue to be significant in Jewish and Christian history. The Messiah In the Bible, there are numerous instances of prophets receiving divine revelations and predictions that later came to pass. One example is the prophecy of the coming of a Messiah is a central belief in Judaism, and serves as a source of hope and inspiration for many Jews, offering a vision of a future time of peace, justice, and redemption. The Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) contains numerous passages that are considered to prophesy the arrival of the Messiah. Genesis 3:15 is the first prophecy, promising a savior to restore humanity to a right relationship with God. Isaiah 7:14 predicts a virgin birth, while Isaiah 11:1-10 foretells a Messiah as a righteous ruler who brings peace and justice to the world. Jeremiah 23:5-6 speaks of a future king, a righteous branch from the line of David, who will rule with justice and righteousness. Zechariah 9:9 predicts the Messiah as a humble king riding on a donkey, symbolizing his peaceful and non-violent nature. These are just a few of the many prophecies of the coming Messiah in the Tanakh. The Messiah is seen as a symbol of God's love and care for his people, and as a harbinger of the ultimate triumph of good over evil. The belief in the coming of the Messiah also helps to shape Jewish identity and reinforce the Jewish people's connection to their religious heritage and traditions. It provides a sense of purpose and direction, encouraging Jews to work towards creating a better world and to live lives that reflect the values and ideals that the Messiah represents. The New Testament presents several passages that Christians believe fulfill the Tanakh (Old Testament) prophecies of the coming Messiah. One of the most significant fulfillments can be found in the prophecy in Genesis 3:15, which states: "And I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and hers; he will crush your head, and you will strike his heel." Christians believe the "offspring of the woman" refers to Jesus, who was born of a virgin and thus had no human father. Jesus is seen as the representative of humanity in the conflict against Satan, and his victory on the cross is understood as crushing Satan's head and defeating the power of sin and death. The striking of Jesus' heel is seen as a reference to his suffering and death on the cross, but his resurrection is viewed as his ultimate triumph over the power of death and sin. This fulfillment is highlighted in Romans 16:20, which states: "The God of peace will soon crush Satan under your feet. The grace of our Lord Jesus be with you." Christians believe that significant fulfillment of prophecy can be found in Isaiah 7:14, which states: "Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign: The virgin will conceive and give birth to a son, and will call him Immanuel." The Gospels of Matthew and Luke make explicit reference to Isaiah 7:14 in connection with the virgin birth. According to Christian tradition, Mary, the mother of Jesus, was a virgin when she conceived Jesus by the power of the Holy Spirit, fulfilling the prophecy of Isaiah. Moreover, Christians understand the name "Immanuel" as a reference to the deity of Jesus, which is a fundamental doctrine of Christian faith. Jesus is understood to be both fully God and fully human, and the name "Immanuel" emphasizes the reality of God being with us in the person of Jesus. This prophecy is fulfilled in Matthew 1:18-25, where the birth of Jesus to a virgin is described. Isaiah 11:1-10 predicts the coming of a Messiah as a righteous ruler who brings peace and justice to the world. Christians believe this prophecy was fulfilled in Jesus, who is seen as the Branch from Jesse (the father of King David) and the ruler of the world. Jeremiah 23:5-6 speaks of a future king, a righteous branch from the line of David, who will rule with justice and righteousness. This prophecy is fulfilled in Jesus, who is seen as the righteous King from the line of David. The New Testament passage that best represents the fulfilling of Jeremiah 23:5-6 is found in the Gospel of Matthew, where Jesus is referred to as the "son of David" (Matthew 1:1) and is described as a descendant of King David through his genealogy (Matthew 1:6-16). Throughout the Gospels, Jesus is portrayed as a righteous and just king who came to bring salvation to humanity. This is demonstrated in his teachings and miracles, as well as his ultimate sacrifice on the cross for the forgiveness of sins. Zechariah 9:9 predicts the Messiah as a humble king riding on a donkey, symbolizing his peaceful and non-violent nature. This prophecy is fulfilled in Matthew 21:1-11, where Jesus enters Jerusalem on a donkey, fulfilling the prophecy of a humble king. Those of the Jewish faith have different interpretations of the Messianic prophecies in the Tanakh (Old Testament). Jewish tradition views the Messiah as a human being who will restore political and spiritual peace to the world, not as a divine figure or son of God. Rabbinic literature such as the Talmud reflects this view that the Messiah has not yet come and is still awaited. Different interpretations of the Messiah's arrival and the conditions for his arrival can be found in the Talmud, such as through repentance, a world of peace, justice and prosperity, or the removal of oppressors and arrogant people from the Jewish community. These views are part of the broader Jewish understanding of the Messiah as a political and military leader who will establish a righteous kingdom. Some references of the Jewish Messiah can be found in the Babylonian Talmud, tractate Sanhedrin 98a. And the Midrash Ruth Rabbah 1:8 (Bereishit Rabbah 42:3, Midrash Tanchuma, Shmini 9:1, Ein Yaakov (Glick Edition), Shabbat 15:2) contain various Midrashic or Aggadic interpretations of the story of Ruth and connected themes related to the Messiah. According to Islamic beliefs, Jesus (Isa in Arabic) is mentioned to be a prophet in the Quran. The holy book of Islam begins the story of the miraculous birth of Jesus, his performing miracles such as healing the blind and the leper, and being raised to Heaven by God. However, Muslims do not believe that Jesus was the son of God or that he was crucified. Instead, they believe that God saved him and raised him to heaven. This belief is based on verses such as Surah Al-Imran 3:45, which states "Behold! The angels said: 'O Mary! Allah gives thee glad tidings of a Word from Him: his name will be Christ Jesus, the son of Mary, held in honor in this world and the Hereafter and of (the company of) those nearest to Allah." Additionally, Surah Al-Nisa 4:157-158 states "That they said (in boast), 'We killed Christ Jesus the son of Mary, the Messenger of Allah.' But they killed him not, nor crucified him, but so it was made to appear to them, and those who differ therein are full of doubts, with no (certain) knowledge, but only conjecture to follow, for of a surety they killed him not." This passage highlights the Islamic belief that Jesus was not killed or crucified, but instead was saved by God. Gnostic teachings sometimes differentiate between Jesus and Christ. Jesus is considered a human who attained spiritual knowledge, or gnosis, and became a vehicle for the Christ consciousness. Meanwhile, Christ is seen as a divine principle that existed before Jesus and is present in all things. Christ is a universal and eternal principle that goes beyond any individual, while Jesus embodied that principle as a human. Gnostics view Jesus, also known as "The Nazarene" due to his hometown, as a divine messenger who revealed hidden truths and mysteries and taught humanity about the spiritual realm and how to attain spiritual enlightenment However, there are different interpretations of the relationship between Jesus and Christ in Gnostic teachings, and some may see them as more closely connected. A passage from the Gnostic Gospel of Philip, explores the meaning and significance of the names "Jesus" and "Christ". The text suggests that "Jesus" is a hidden name that is not tied to any particular language or cultural tradition, while "Christ" is a revealed name that is expressed differently in different languages. The speaker also suggests that "The Nazarene" is a title for Jesus that emphasizes his role as a revealer of hidden knowledge. The Gnostic belief is that each individual has a divine spark within them, and by coming to know oneself, one can access that divine nature and become one with the spiritual realm. The Holy Spirit Jesus prophesized the coming of the Holy Spirit in John 14:16-17 when He said, "And I will ask the Father, and he will give you another advocate to help you and be with you forever— the Spirit of truth." This was reinforced in John 14:26, where Jesus says, "But the Advocate, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, will teach you all things and will remind you of everything I have said to you." The prediction was fulfilled on the Day of Pentecost, as recorded in Acts 2:1-4, when the Holy Spirit descended upon the apostles and filled them with power. The event is described as a sound like the blowing of a violent wind came from heaven and filled the whole house where they were sitting, and tongues of fire that separated and came to rest on each of them. All of them were filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues as the Spirit enabled them. This marks the beginning of the indwelling of the Holy Spirit in all believers, giving them strength, guidance, and the ability to live a righteous life, and providing the early church with the gifts of the Spirit, such as speaking in tongues and the ability to perform miracles. This is seen as a fulfillment of Jesus' promise to send the Holy Spirit to guide and teach His followers. In Jewish and Christian beliefs, the Holy Spirit (Ruach HaKodesh) is considered a divine manifested presence of the Creator (Hashem) that can empower and guide individuals towards righteousness and bring forth spiritual gifts. Ruach HaKodesh is considered the "Heart of Hashem" and is believed to be the driving force behind acts of kindness, compassion, and love. The Holy Spirit is also seen as a force that brings comfort and hope in times of adversity and is a source of strength and guidance for those who seek it. In this sense, the Jewish view of the Holy Spirit is that it is a dynamic and transformative force in the lives of individuals, empowering them to become better versions of themselves and bringing them closer to God. The exact nature of the relationship between God and the Holy Spirit is not defined precisely in the Hebrew Bible, leaving it open to interpretation and belief. The Ruach HaKodesh (Holy Spirit) is viewed by both Jews and Christians as a source of gifts and abilities given to individuals. One of these gifts is wisdom, as seen in the filling of Bezalel with the Spirit for the creation of the Tabernacle in the wilderness, as stated in Exodus 31:3. The Holy Spirit also has the ability to grant prophecy, as stated in Joel 2:28, where it says "And it shall come to pass afterward, that I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh." Another gift of the Holy Spirit is strength, as seen in the case of Sampson in Judges 14:6, where it says "And the Spirit of the Lord came mightily upon him, and he rent him as he would have rent a kid, and he had nothing in his hand." Additionally, there are references to the Holy Spirit inspiring individuals to speak in an ecstatic or inspired manner, such as in Psalm 51:11, which says "Do not cast me from your presence or take your Holy Spirit from me." And in Isaiah 28:11-12, it says "For with stammering lips and another tongue will he speak to this people. To whom he said, This is the rest where with ye may cause the weary to rest; and this is the refreshing." This passage is seen by some as a reference to speaking in tongues. Overall, the Holy Spirit is seen as a source of empowerment and manifestation of the divine presence of God (Hashem) working through individuals. In Sufism, the Holy Spirit is often associated with the concept of the "breath of the compassionate" (nafas al-rahman), which is seen as the source of all spiritual inspiration and guidance. Sufi scholars have also described the Holy Spirit as the intermediary between God and humanity, through which God communicates divine knowledge and wisdom to human beings. In his work "Futuhat al-Makkiyah" (The Meccan Revelations), Ibn Arabi discusses the Holy Spirit as an emanation of God's divine essence. He describes the Holy Spirit as one of the "subtle breaths" that emanate from God and that permeate all of creation. According to Ibn Arabi, the Holy Spirit is the "subtle breath of mercy" that animates all living beings and that is the source of all spiritual inspiration and guidance. Ibn Arabi also emphasizes the role of the Holy Spirit as an intermediary between God and humanity. He explains that the Holy Spirit is the means through which God communicates divine knowledge and wisdom to human beings and that it is the Holy Spirit that inspires and guides spiritual seekers on their path of enlightenment. I believe the Holy Spirit to be a divine force that can work in and through all people, regardless of their beliefs or background. In the Bible, there are examples of the Holy Spirit working through people who were not yet believers. For example, in the book of Acts, the Holy Spirit fell on a group of Gentiles who were listening to Peter's preaching, and they began speaking in tongues and praising God (Acts 10:44-48). Similarly, the Apostle Paul wrote that the Holy Spirit can give gifts and abilities to people who do not yet have a saving faith in Christ (1 Corinthians 12:7-11). Just as the different parts of a physical body work together for the benefit of the whole, so too the diverse gifts of the Holy Spirit are given to believers for the good of the community of believers, who come together to express gratitude, honor, and serve one another. Expressing appreciation or thankfulness is a concept that can be understood and practiced by people regardless of their beliefs. Regardless of the context, the idea of Community Spirit emphasizes the importance of coming together as a group to support one another, share resources, and work towards a common goal or vision. Community Spirit is a powerful force that can help bring people together and create a sense of belonging and purpose. It is a natural and universal way to show gratitude towards others, and it can strengthen relationships and foster a sense of togetherness. Community Sprit be fostered by creating opportunities for people to connect and build relationships with one another, whether through shared activities, common interests, or simply spending time together. I believe this idea of Community Spirit can be applied in various settings, whether religious or secular, as a way to build relationships and foster a sense of gratitude and appreciation. Divine Emanations of the Creator The idea of divine emanations is a common concept in many religious and mystical traditions, including the Abrahamic religions, Neoplatonism, and various forms of Hinduism and Buddhism. The idea of divine emanations allows for a nuanced understanding of the divine that recognizes its multiple aspects and allows for the possibility of interaction between the divine and the world. Divine emanations refers to the process by which the Divine extends or radiates its being and attributes to the world. In a more general physical sense, the term emanation can also refer to any kind of radiation or emission, such as the emanation of light from a lamp or the emanation of heat from a fire. While physical emanations, such as light and heat, are observable and measurable phenomena in the physical world, for those of faith Divine emanations are a concept that refers to the process by which the Creator extends or radiates its being and attributes to the world. This concept is often used in religious and mystical traditions to explain the relationship between the divine and the world, and to describe how the divine interacts with and influences the world. For an Atheist, the concept of divine emanations can be seen as a metaphor or symbolic representation of the interconnectedness and interdependence of all things in the world, regardless of whether or not one believes in a divine presence. Just as physical emanations such as light and heat are a natural part of the physical world, the idea of divine emanations can be seen as a way to express the idea that all things are connected and interdependent in a fundamental way. The elements that make up our bodies, such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, were forged in the furnaces of stars that exploded billions of years ago. Life on Earth is dependent on a variety of factors, including the elements and the energy of the sun. The elements, such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, are essential building blocks of all living organisms, and are recycled and exchanged in various biogeochemical cycles that support life. The energy of the sun is also a critical factor in sustaining life on Earth. Photosynthesis, the process by which plants and other photosynthetic organisms convert sunlight into energy, is the basis of most food webs and ecosystems on Earth. The sun also plays a role in regulating the climate and weather patterns on Earth, which in turn can influence the survival and distribution of living organisms. Through scientific investigation, we can learn about how everything in the world is connected and how different organisms and systems depend on each other for survival. By studying the physical, chemical, and biological processes that shape the world around us, we can gain a deeper understanding of the complex web of life that sustains us all. It important to understand metaphor and symbolic representation are important tools that everyone of us use to understand complex concepts and ideas. Metaphors are a way of describing one thing in terms of another, in order to create a more vivid or evocative image. Symbolic representations are also used to convey meaning, often by associating an object or image with a deeper or more abstract concept. Metaphors and symbolic representations can be found in many aspects of human culture, including language, art, religion, and philosophy. They can help us to understand abstract concepts that might otherwise be difficult to grasp, and can allow us to make connections between different ideas or phenomena. in the case of divine emanations, a metaphor or symbolic representation helps convey the idea of interconnectedness and interdependence between all things in the world. By using language or imagery that evokes this idea, it may be easier for people to grasp and appreciate the complex relationships between different aspects of the world. The Gnostic concept of emanation has its roots in ancient Greek philosophy, particularly in the works of the philosopher Plotinus (205-270 CE) and his school of thought, known as Neoplatonism. The Divine Mind; being the Treatises of the Fifth Ennead, Plotinus developed the idea of emanation as a way to explain how the universe could be both diverse and unified at the same time. According to Plotinus, the ultimate reality or source of all existence is the One Creator, which is pure unity and simplicity. The energy within the One has both a static and a dynamic aspect. It is an inherent quality that is always present and an unchanging aspect of ultimate reality that cannot be added to or taken away. It also is a dynamic force that allows for the creation and sustenance of lower levels of reality, which are progressively less perfect and less unified than the Supreme. From the One emanates a series of hypostases, or divine beings, each of which is a lesser and more differentiated reflection of the ultimate source. These hypostases include the Nous or Divine Mind, the World Soul, and the material universe. In Gnostic thought, the Holy Spirit is one of the divine emanations that descended from the ultimate reality and is associated with the knowledge and enlightenment of the Divine. A Spirit is said to come from "Spring of Living Water" or "Living Water of the Light" where the Divine Being (Creator) perceives its own image. This is central concept in Gnostic thought, which views the Divine as emanating from a single source or ultimate reality. The idea is that this Living Water flows from a source of pure, uncreated light and nourishes the spiritual life of believers as the source of Divine Knowledge or wisdom. While Plotinus does not use the specific term "Living Water," his concept of energy shares some similarities with the Gnostic idea of Living Water in terms of being a dynamic force that sustains and nourishes spiritual life. in Gnostic thought, the Monad gives rise to a series of Aeons or divine beings, each of which is a reflection or emanation of the higher level. These Aeons are also understood to be progressively less perfect and less unified than the ultimate source. The lower Aeons are seen as being further removed from the ultimate reality and are associated with materiality and imperfection. In the Gnostic Gospel of Philip the Holy Spirit is often understood to be a manifestation of the Divine that is both immanent (present within the world) and transcendent (beyond the world). This duality is reflected in the idea of the Holy Spirit as a double name, which suggests that it is present in both the material and spiritual realms. Philip suggests that the Holy Spirit is a divine force that can work through both positive and negative forces to achieve its purposes. It can provide access to the spiritual realm, but for those who are not prepared to receive it, it can be a confusing and overwhelming presence. Therefore, spiritual discernment is essential for understanding the complex and paradoxical nature of the divine influence in the world. The Gnostic belief in the Holy Spirit highlights the importance of looking beyond the surface level of reality and recognizing the hidden forces that shape our lives. The concept of emanation was also adopted and adapted by other philosophical and religious traditions, such as Kabbalah and Sufism, which sought to explain the relationship between the divine and the material world. The the concept of emanation is used to explain the relationship between the ultimate reality and the lower levels of reality. In contrast, Christian theology, the Father, the Son (Christ), and the Holy Spirit are not considered to be lesser emanations or reflections of the ultimate reality. Instead, they are seen as three distinct persons within the Trinity, which is understood to be one God in three persons. The doctrine of the Trinity holds that the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit are co-equal and co-eternal, meaning that they are all equally divine and have always existed together. However, the physical body of Christ, which was born of the Virgin Mary and died on the cross, is considered to be a temporary manifestation of the Son's eternal nature. The idea that the physical body of Christ did not always exist with the Trinity is based on the belief that God became incarnate in human form through the birth of Jesus Christ. This is a central tenet of Christian theology and is known as the doctrine of the Incarnation. According to this doctrine, the Son took on a human nature in addition to his divine nature, and this human nature included a physical body that was subject to birth, growth, and death. Personification "The wind whispered secrets through the trees." In this sentence, "wind" is personified as having the human quality of whispering, which is typically associated with speech and communication. Personification is a literary device where human qualities, emotions, or actions are attributed to non-human things, such as objects, animals, or abstract concepts. In ancient Egyptian culture. The word "Maat" is derived from the ancient Egyptian verb "ma'at," which means "to give or make that which is straight." This phrase emphasizes the idea that the concept of Maat is associated with creating or establishing something that is true, honest, and just. The term "straight" in this context can be understood to mean "correct" or "balanced," conveying the idea that upholding the principles of Maat requires maintaining a sense of fairness and balance in one's actions and behavior. This idea is central to ancient Egyptian culture and is reflected in the many depictions of Maat in art, literature, and religious practices. In ancient Egyptian culture, the concept of Maat was closely linked to the principles of reason, logic, and truth. The ancient Egyptians believed that upholding the principles of Maat required a commitment to rational thought and logical reasoning, as well as a dedication to living a life of truth and honesty. The connection between Maat and reason can be seen in the role of the pharaohs, who were seen as responsible for upholding Maat in their rule. The pharaohs were expected to rule with wisdom and judgment, using reason and logic to make decisions that would uphold the principles of Maat and maintain order and balance in the universe. In addition, the concept of Maat was closely associated with the practice of law and the administration of justice in ancient Egypt. The principles of Maat were seen as essential to the fair and just application of the law, and the judges who presided over legal proceedings were expected to uphold the principles of Maat in their decisions. The idea of reason as an essential component of Maat continued to influence Egyptian culture and thought long after the decline of ancient Egypt. In Greek philosophy, for example, the concept of reason was closely linked to the idea of justice and moral order, which were themselves influenced by the concept of Maat. In Greek philosophy, the concept of "Dike" is often seen as analogous to Maat. In Greek mythology, the goddess Dike was the personification concept of justice and moral order. She was the daughter of Zeus and Themis and was responsible for upholding the principles of justice and truth in the universe. Dike was often depicted holding a set of scales and a sword, representing her role as a judge and enforcer of moral law. Like Maat, Dike was associated with the principles of truth, fairness, and balance, and she was believed to be responsible for maintaining order and harmony in the universe. Greek kings and rulers were often seen as responsible for upholding the principles of justice and order in their societies, much like the pharaohs of ancient Egypt were seen as responsible for upholding the principles of Maat. The Greek mythology also held a related concept of the underworld, where the dead were judged and assigned to various realms based on their deeds in life. However, this judgment was not typically associated with the weighing of souls against a feather, but rather with the actions and choices of the deceased during their lifetime. The Greek philosopher Plato, in particular, was influenced by the concept of Maat in his ideas about justice and the ideal society. In his book "The Republic," Plato describes a society that is ruled by philosopher-kings who uphold the principles of justice and truth, much like the pharaohs of ancient Egypt were seen as responsible for upholding the principles of Maat. Timaeus is a character in Plato's dialogues, specifically in the dialogue named after him, the "Timaeus". He is introduced as a Pythagorean philosopher from Italy, and is invited to speak about his views on the nature of the universe. In the dialogue of Timaeus, Plato presents a philosophical account of the creation of the universe and the nature of the cosmos. Timaeus argues that the universe is the product of a divine craftsman who used Forms or Ideas as the blueprint for creation. This concept introduces the idea that Forms refer to abstract and eternal entities that exist independently of the physical world. Moreover, Timaeus introduces the concept of the "cosmic soul," which animates the universe and is responsible for its order and harmony. Forms can refer to abstract concepts such as justice, beauty, or goodness, which cannot be represented by any specific shape or form. Therefore, the term "forms" in Platonic philosophy describes the abstract, immutable, and eternal nature of reality that transcends the physical world. Aside from his appearance in the "Timaeus" dialogue, there is little known about the historical Timaeus. Some scholars have suggested that he may have been a real person, while others argue that he is a fictional character created by Plato. Plato's TIMAEUS : Genesis Timaeus 27c-28c: Philo of Alexandria wrote extensively about the Logos (Greek for "Word") in his philosophical and theological works, including his essay "On the Confusion of Tongues." In this essay, Philo reflects on the biblical story of the Tower of Babel in Genesis 11:1-9 of the Hebrew Bible. After the Great Flood, the people of Babel decided to build a tower that would reach up to the heavens. They did this not out of a desire to honor God, but rather to make a name for themselves and to avoid being scattered across the earth. The tower was made of bricks and tar, and the people worked tirelessly to build it higher and higher. However, God saw what they were doing and was not pleased. He came down to earth and confused their language, so that they could no longer understand each other. As a result, the people were unable to continue building the tower and were scattered across the earth. Philo sees this story as a metaphor for the human condition, in which people are divided by their differing languages, cultures, and beliefs. Like the story of the Tower of Babel, the twin giants Otus and Ephialtes, also known as the Aloïdae, sought to reach the heavens. In "Homer's , The Odyssey," an epic poem attributed to Aloïdae piled up three mountains, Olympus, Ossa, and Pelion, on top of each other in an attempt to reach the heavens. They hoped that by doing so, they would be able to storm the gates of Olympus, the home of the gods, and overthrow them. However, the giants were defeated by the god Apollo before they could complete their plan. The story of the is often seen as a cautionary tale about the dangers of hubris, or excessive pride, and the consequences that can arise from challenging the gods. Philo then shares a fable that was circulating in his time where all animals in the world had one language and could converse with each other, sympathize with each other's misfortunes, and share in each other's pleasures and annoyances. However, this unity of language led the animals to desire immortality, and they sent he animals sent representatives to negotiate with a higher authority (perhaps a god or goddess) about their desire for immortality. As a punishment for their audacity, the animals were separated into different dialects, making it impossible for them to understand each other. Philo is uses these stories as a metaphor for the dangers of unity and cooperation towards wickedness. The idea is that language diversity acts as a barrier to cooperation towards evil, and makes it more difficult for people to engage in wicked deeds with united energies. According to Philo, the division of people into different languages did not prevent them from engaging in wicked actions. People can still communicate non-verbally and even those who speak the same language can have different moral values. However, knowing multiple languages can be beneficial for establishing relationships and avoiding misunderstandings. Philo questions why God would remove the sameness of language when it could have been useful. Philo emphasizes that the evils that come from people's individual actions are even more numerous and devastating than those committed by groups of people. Philo answers his question by using the example of the great deluge described by Moses to illustrate the idea of scattering people and the confusion of languages could be seen as a way to prevent them from becoming too united and committing widespread evil deeds like they did before the Flood. This way, God could avoid having to bring such a catastrophic punishment again. Additionally, as a Cultural Anthropologist, I see the value in the diversity of languages and cultures has helped to foster creativity, innovation, and progress in different regional environments of the world, leading to a more dynamic and varied human experience. I also agree with Philo that speech can be used for good or ill, and that wise individuals must use their words to promote virtue and combat false doctrines. In contrast, those who use speech to promote vice will ultimately be destroyed by their own words, leading to a metaphorical death of speech. I also in agreement that we should avoid joining groups that engage in harmful activities, but we should join groups of wise and knowledgeable people who focus on doing the right thing. We all should encourage living a peaceful and fulfilling life, and have the strength and courage to defend our unity against those who seek to destroy it. Philo states the wise and virtuous people are natural enemies of the wicked. The wise may not use weapons or armies for defense, but they use their reasoning to correct foolishness and wickedness. They cannot remain silent when they see war, plundering, ravaging, enslaving, or any kind of wickedness taking place in their midst, not only in public but also in private spheres. Philo describes the wicked as being motivated by the desire for wealth and glory, and in pursuit of these things they do not value equality, fairness or cooperation. Instead, they take possession of what belongs to others and are misanthropic (hateful), hypocritical flatterers, and enemies of true friendship and honesty. They are slow to do good, quick to do harm, and are skilled at deceiving others. They are faithless, easily angered, and driven by pleasure, making them guardians of evil and destroyers of good. Philo believes that true obedience to God is not just about blindly following instructions and guidance, but rather one should take action based on their own understanding and reasoning, and then evaluate whether their actions align with Divine Commandments in Scripture. His wisdom emphasizes the importance of developing one's own self-taught mind and understanding, rather than blindly following rules and teachings without critical thought. Philo discusses the twofold dawning of the soul - one being the light of virtues and the other being the overshadowing of vices. He provides the example of God planting a celestial paradise in Eden towards the East, where plants spring up from the incorporeal light around God. Philo references one of Moses' companions, described as "a man whose name is the East," interpreting it as a title given to an incorporeal being (spirit) resembling the divine image. Philo contends that the East symbolizes the birthplace of the firstborn, who imitates the ways of his father and creates different species based on archetypal patterns (prototype). The "Confusion of Tongues" passage reads: Philo was known to be fluent in both Greek and Hebrew. However, his writings suggest that he was more comfortable and well-versed in Greek than in Hebrew, possibly due to being raised in Alexandria, a predominantly Greek-speaking city with a sizable Jewish population proficient in Greek. To translate the Hebrew scriptures, Philo utilized the Greek Septuagint, where the Hebrew word צֶ֤מַח (se-mah) meaning "shoot" or "sprout" was mistranslated to Ἀνατολὴ (Anatolē), a word commonly used by Greek speakers to refer to "sunrise" or "the East." Scholars believe that Philo's statement, "Behold, a man whose name is the East," is a reference to Zechariah 6:12 (Hebrew Translation). Septuagint Zechariah 6:12 (Greek Translation) This also references Zechariah 3:8 (Hebrew Translation) Septuagint Zechariah 3:8 (Greek Translation) Both Paul and Philo were Jewish philosophers who lived during the Hellenistic period. Philo was born around 20 BCE and lived until the middle of the first century CE, while Paul was born sometime between 5 and 10 CE and died around 64-67 CE. As such, Philo would have been an older contemporary of Paul. Philo's works were well-known and widely circulated throughout the Hellenistic world, and Paul would have had access to them. Philippians 2 Like Philo, Paul emphasizes the Divine Nature of the exalted figure, as well as on his pre-existence and his obedience to the Creator. Additionally, both Philo and Paul use language that suggests a cosmic significance to the exaltation, with Philo speaking of the creation of different species based on archetypal patterns, and Paul describing the exalted Jesus as having a name above every name, to which every knee will bow. Philo explains that the symbolism of the East can have both positive and negative connotations, depending on the context. In some cases, the East is associated with the dawning of wisdom and the rising of the sun, which is a symbol of divine illumination and enlightenment. In other cases, the East is associated with folly, wickedness, and the setting of reason. Philo also notes that the East can be associated with certain individuals, such as Balaam and Balak (Bamidbar - Numbers - Chapter 22 - 24), who were willing to curse the people blessed by God, and whose mind was overwhelmed by wickedness. Balak was the king of Moab, and he became afraid of the Israelites as they were passing through the wilderness. He sought to curse them to prevent them from overtaking his kingdom. Balaam was a diviner or prophet whom Balak hired to curse the Israelites. However, God prevented Balaam from cursing them and instead compelled him to bless them. Despite this, Balaam later advised Balak to seduce the Israelites into idolatry and sexual immorality, causing them to incur God's wrath. This resulted in a plague among the Israelites, which was only stopped when Phinehas, a priest, killed an Israelite man who had taken a Midianite woman into his tent. Philo uses these examples to illustrate the importance of separating oneself from vice and following the path of virtue. Philo then turns to the concept of the Logos as a unifying principle that can overcome these divisions and bring humanity into harmony. between human beings. According to Philo, the first entity to emerge from God is the Logos, which is also referred to as the "first-born son of God" and the "image of God." The Logos is considered to be the intermediary between God and the world, and it is through the Logos that God creates and sustains the universe. The Logos is also identified with the divine name, and is said to have many other names and titles as well. The "Confusion of Tongues" passage reads: According to Philo, the Logos is the source of all wisdom, and is the key to understanding the meaning and purpose of human existence. He sees the Logos as a divine principle that can help people to overcome their ignorance, prejudices, and differences, and to achieve a higher level of spiritual and moral awareness. He sees the Logos as a bridge between the transcendent God and the material world, and as a means of communication and understanding. The "Confusion of Tongues" passage reads: Scholars believe that Philo's statement, "We are all one man's Sons," is a reference to Septuagint Genesis 42:11 (Greek Translation) Bereshit (Genesis) - Chapter 42:11 (Hebrew Translation). Philo believes that the "Us" referred to in Genesis 1:26 is the Creator and the Word, or God and the Logos. He understands the Logos to be the first-born son of God, the image of God, and the mediator between God and humanity. In this sense, when God speaks of making man in "our" image, Philo interprets this as meaning that human beings are made in the image of both God and the Logos. Septuagint Genesis 1:26 - 27 (Greek Translation) Bereshit (Genesis) - Chapter 1:26 - 27 (Hebrew Translation). Romans 5 Overall, Philo's essay "On the Confusion of Tongues" reflects his deep engagement with the concept of the Logos, and his belief in its power to bring unity, harmony, and enlightenment to the world. Philo philosophically believed that before the creation of the physical universe, there existed a spiritual reality that was imperceptible to the senses but accessible to the intellect. This reality was characterized by a divine light that was pure and uncorrupted. In Philo's work "On the Creation," he describes the creation of the world as an act of divine will and reason, in which God fashions the universe according to a divine plan. Philo argues that the material world is a reflection of the divine mind and that the order and harmony of the universe reflect the wisdom and goodness of God. Here are a few passages from Charles Duke Yonge's translation of Philo's account of "The Creation of the World, as Given by Moses." Both Philo and Paul recognized the significance of the physical structures and practices associated with worship in the Old Testament as foreshadowing greater spiritual realities. They also recognized the significance of humanity in God's plan, as a reflection of divine patterns and a key element in the unfolding of God's purposes. Hebrews 8 Exodus 25 1 Corinthians 6 John 14 Philo describes the original reality as being characterized by a divine light, which represents purity, goodness, and perfection. The light is said to be "pure and uncorrupted" because it is not tainted by any of the negative qualities that characterize the fallen world, such as sin, suffering, and death. In essence, Philo is saying that the world was created in a state of perfection and purity, and that it is only through the corruption of humanity that it has become the flawed and imperfect world that we know today. The Feminine Aspect of Divinity The Apocryphon of John portrays the Holy Spirit as Barbelo, a perfect power and Aeon of Glory. Barbelo is the first emanation or manifestation of Divine Light from the Father and is associated with the highest levels of spiritual reality. As a perfect Aeon or Divine aspect of the Creator, Barbelo is regarded as an important creative force in the universe. In some Gnostic traditions, Barbelo is regarded as a feminine figure who gives birth to other divine beings and spiritual forces. The concept of Barbelo emphasizes the importance of recognizing and honoring the divine in all its manifestations, including feminine aspects of the divine, and seeking to align oneself with the divine will in order to achieve spiritual enlightenment and union with the divine. Barbelo was the first to give thanks to the Creator for her existence and creative power to gives birth to other divine beings and spiritual forces. Barbelo is the perfect Pronoia (Divine Providence) of "the All," which refers to the entirety of creation in the physical and spiritual realms. This emphasizes the importance of recognizing the power of the divine feminine aspect of the Holy Spirit and understanding the role of spiritual forces in shaping the world. Some scholars suggest that word Barbelo may be related to the Hebrew word "Beri'ah," which means the "World of Creation." To Jewish Kabbalist, the word Beri'ah represents the first of the four worlds to be was emanated rather than created. In Beri'ah there dwells angels that are dimly aware of their own being as distinct from the Creator. Thus, they exist to carry out the will of God, rather than to pursue their own desires or agendas. Wisdom is a concept that is frequently personified in religious and philosophical traditions. In some Apocryphal books and later Jewish literature, wisdom is referred to as Sophia, reflecting the influence of Greek thought on Jewish philosophy. The term "Sophia" comes from the Greek word for wisdom, and is often associated with the concept of "philosophia," or the love of wisdom. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Pythagoras, Heraclitus, and Parmenides used the term "sophia" to describe their philosophical insights. Sophia appears as a personified figure in some Jewish texts that were written in Greek, such as the Septuagint (a Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible) and the Wisdom of Solomon, Ecclesiasticus (Sirach), and the Book of Wisdom, as well as in Gnostic and early Christian literature. This portrayal of Sophia as a feminine figure who embodies the divine attribute of wisdom has resonated with some people, and has inspired various philosophical and spiritual traditions. She is depicted as a mediator between God and man, a life-giver, and a source of instruction and sustenance. The personification of Wisdom is more distinct and personal in Proverbs 8:1 - 9:12 than in other passages. Later Jewish literature such as the Wisdom of Solomon and Ecclesiasticus (Sirach) further develop the depiction of Wisdom as a female being who is divine and co-eternal with God, created before the world and dwelling in Jerusalem. Wisdom is described as an emanation of God and as a pure breath of the power of God (Wisdom of Solomon 7:24-25). In this text, Wisdom is also described as having a close relationship with God, being present during creation (Wisdom of Solomon 9:9) and having a spirit that is all-powerful and overseeing all things (Wisdom of Solomon 7:26-27). These passages suggest that Wisdom is seen as a divine entity that is closely connected to God, yet distinct from God in her own right. Wisdom in the Wisdom of Solomon 6:12-11:1 similarly speaks in the first person, describing herself as created before all things (Wisdom of Solomon 6:12-20). She is portrayed as a mediator between God and man, having been sent forth by God to bring life to the earth and to instruct men in righteousness (Wisdom of Solomon 8:1-4). Here, she is portrayed not just as a teacher but also as a life-giver and a source of sustenance (Wisdom of Solomon 6:18). In Gnostic texts, Sophia is often portrayed as a central figure in the Divine Realm, embodying qualities of both a nurturing mother and a source of divine wisdom. The Gnostic Gospel of Philip mentions the Aeon of Wisdom, Sophia is considered "barren" because she is the lowest aspect of the Divine Realm and is unable to create without the help of the higher Aeons. On the other hand, Sophia is also considered to be the mother of the Angels in the sense that they are emanations from her Divine Essence. Sophia also represents a unity of male and female principles. In the text, Eugnostos the Blessed writes that the Immortal Androgynous Man, a divine being that embodies both male and female natures and represents a unity of opposites in the divine realm. This being was created by the "Self-grown, Self-constructed Father," a divine force that is said to have created a likeness of itself. The Immortal Androgynous Man is known by two names: "Begotten, Perfect Mind" and "All-wise Begettress Sophia," which emphasize the idea that different aspects of the divine essence or reality are not completely separate or distinct, but rather are connected in complex and interdependent ways. Gnostics held that Sophia was the syzygy (female twin divine Aeon) of Jesus (i.e. the Bride of Christ), and Holy Spirit of the Trinity. The text known as "The Sophia of Jesus Christ," and it describes the nature of the divine being and the role of the Immortal Androgynous Man and the Great Sophia in Gnostic cosmology. The text describes the relationship between the First Man, his consort Great Sophia, and their first-begotten androgynous son, who is also known as the "Christ". The First Man is referred to as the "Begetter, Self-perfected Mind", and he reflected with Great Sophia before revealing their first-begotten son, who is both male and female and is designated as the "First Begetter, Son of God" and the "First Begettress Sophia, Mother of the Universe". The son is also called "Christ." While the Ruach HaKodesh refers to the invisible Divine Spirit that empowers individuals and brings gifts and abilities, for Jews the term "Shechinah" refers to God's visible indwelling presence. It comes from the Hebrew word "shakan" meaning "to dwell" or "to reside." The Shechinah is often mentioned in relation to the Mishkan (Tabernacle) and the Temple in Jerusalem, where it was believed to dwell among the Jewish people. Before the medieval period, the divine presence was referred to as the "Glory of God" (Kabod YHVH) or the "Cloud of Glory" (Anan HaKavod) in the Merkabah literature of the Second Temple period. The Talmud discusses the divine presence in passages such as Berakhot 17a, Shabbat 63a, and Sukkah 45b and mentions the divine cloud that accompanied the Israelites as a symbol of God's presence and protection. The Shechinah is seen as the presence of God in the world and is often portrayed as a mediating force between God and humanity. Similarly like Wisdom, the Shechinah, is portrayed as a divine presence that mediates between God and humanity. She teaches believers about God being present in the world and guides them toward living in righteousness. Aspects of the Creator In Kabbalistic belief, the Shechinah is seen as the feminine aspect of divinity and is considered the lowest of the ten sefirot, which are aspects or energies of God. Also known as Malkhut or the Matronita, the Shechinah is connected to the movement of souls from higher to lower Sefirotic realms. This means that the Shechinah helps souls move from one realm to another. The Sefirot are believed to be different realms of existence, each representing a different aspect or energy of God. The movement of souls from higher to lower realms represents the flow of divine energy or consciousness from the most pure and abstract aspects of God to the more physical and concrete aspects. This flow makes the divine presence known in the world and allows humans to experience it. As the lowest of the ten sefirot, the Shechinah, or Malkhut, is associated with this flow of divine energy and is therefore considered the realm where the divine presence is fully available for human experience. In Gnostic belief, the term "Aeons" refers to a series of divine emanations or beings that exist in their own spiritual realm of the Divine. The Aeons are thought to represent aspects of the divine nature, and are sometimes described as celestial beings or powers. The purpose of the Aeons are often seen as a means of bridging the gap between the transcendent divine and the embodied physical world. In some Gnostic systems, the Aeons are thought to play a role in creation and the maintenance of the universe, and they are often associated with various aspects of human experience, such as wisdom, knowledge, and power. The 54 Gnostic sects that I know of each had complex cosmologies with multiple levels of Aeons. In six Nag Hammadi texts, which are a collection of Gnostic The Apocryphon of John mention the Pentad consisting of the five highest Aeons in the Gnostic cosmology: Thought, Foreknowledge, Indestructibility, Immortality, and Truth. Through Pentad interaction with the Creator, five additional Aeons emerge to form a larger group called the Decad. And Sophia of the Epinoia (insight, wisdom), being an Aeon. In Gnostic Faith the Father is often associated with the realm of the mind and intellectual knowledge, as it is through reason and logic that we can come to understand the divine. Sophia, meanwhile, is associated with the realm of the soul and spiritual experience, as it is through spiritual practices and experiences that we can connect with the divine energy that flows through all things. Christ is associated with the realm of the body and material world, as it is through our desires and passions that we experience life in the physical world. This interdependence and mutual reliance is similar to the idea of everything being connected in a web, as described by the concept of dependent origination in Buddhism. In Catholicism, the Trinity is understood to be the one God in three persons: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. As believers, Catholics see themselves as connected to the Trinity through their faith in Jesus Christ, who is understood to be the Second Person of the Trinity. Catholics do not believe in Barbelo or the feminine aspect of the Spirit as it is presented in Gnostic thought. For Catholics, like myself, believe that the Holy Spirit is a divine entity, without gender or physical form. The concept of "Aeons" in Gnosticism is similar to the concept of "Sefirot" in Kabbalah in the sense that both beliefs involve a series of emanations or stages through which the Divine is believed to have descended and become embodied in the physical world. In both Gnosticism and Kabbalah, these stages are often seen as intermediaries between the ultimate Divine source and the physical world. The All also encompasses the spiritual realm of the Aeons, as well as the ultimate divine source from which all things come. Word, Life, Man, and Church as Aeons can be found in the text known as the Zostrianos. and Wisdom. Imagine that everything is interconnected and that there is a Divine Purpose behind all of existence. The concept of "the All" is related to the Gnostic belief in the unity of all things and the idea that everything is ultimately part of a single, divine reality. One common figure in Gnosticism is the concept of the "divine spark" or "light," which is believed to be present within all beings and which can be awakened or realized through spiritual practice and knowledge. Through baptism and the reception of the Holy Spirit, Catholics like myself believe that we become part of the Body of Christ, which is the Church congregation, and thus are connected to the Trinity in a mystical and spiritual sense. The unity of the Church congregation, as well as the sacraments and the Eucharist, are seen as ways to celebrate and participate in our unity with the Creator. The idea that everything is interconnected and there is a divine purpose behind all of existence is a central concept in Jewish thought, and can be found throughout the Jewish scriptures and literature. One verse that reflects the idea that everything is interconnected and that there is a Divine Purpose behind all of existence in Jewish thought is Isaiah 45:7, which states: "I form light and create darkness, I make peace and create evil; I am the Lord, who does all these things." This verse suggests that everything, including light and darkness, peace and evil, are all part of God's creation and plan. It's important to note that the Hebrew word used in this verse for "evil" is "רָע" (ra), which can be also translated as "bad," "disagreeable," "unpleasant," "calamity," "disaster," or "adversity. This is because the word has a broad range of meanings that can encompass various negative or harmful situations, rather than just moral evil. In some contexts, the word can even be translated as "grief," "pain," or "sorrow." In my opinion, Isaiah 45:7 the verse appears to be describing a deliberate act of Divine Judgment or Punishment as a means of restoring justice and balance to the world. In this sense, punishment can be seen as a positive force that helps to maintain order and promote the greater good. However, the concept of Sophia in Gnosticism as represented in "The Gospel of Philip" is different from the personification of Wisdom in the Old and Apocryphal Testaments. In this text, Sophia is depicted as a divine being who fell from grace and became entrapped in the material world. Sophia is said to have desired to comprehend the mysteries of the divine realm on her own, without the guidance of the other Aeons, and as a result, she fells from her place in the divine realm and becomes entrapped in matter. In "The Apocryphon of John," she is described as the mother of the divine Christ and the mother of all who possess the divine spark within themselves (The Apocryphon of John III, 28-30). In "The Thunder, Perfect Mind," Sophia speaks in the first person, describing herself as both the mother and daughter of the divine (The Thunder, Perfect Mind, verses 1-3). She is seen as the mother of the divine sparks or seeds of light within all humans, and her restoration to her original state of grace is said to be the goal of Gnostic spiritual practice. According to "The Gospel of Philip" (57.1), "Sophia is the one who brought forth the Christ, the first-born of every creature." It also states that the world came about through a mistake by the creator who wanted to make it imperishable and immortal but fell short, resulting in the creation of a flawed material world (57.4-6). The restoration of Sophia to her original state of grace is seen as the ultimate goal of spiritual practice in Gnosticism. The union of Tiferet, the sixth sefirah, and Malkhut, the tenth sefirah, is seen as the ultimate goal of the sefirotic system, as it represents the complete union of male and female aspects of the divine, leading to the manifestation of God's presence in the world. The sexual aspect of this union is a strong theme in the Zohar, a key text in Kabbalah, and is used as a symbolic representation of the union between the different aspects of the divine in Kabbalistic thought. Some Sunni Muslims believe that both the New Testament and the Quran directly mention Jesus foretelling the Prophet Muhammad of his coming in John 14:16-17, the Spirit of Truth is not part of the Christian Godhead, but referring to the Prophet Mohammed, who was sent by God to guide the people and provide them with a new message of truth. In John 14:26 these Sunnis believe that the Holy Spirit mentioned in the verse is actually in the Quran to be the prophet Mohammad. Surah Al-Saff 61:6 states: "And remember, Jesus, the son of Mary, said: 'O Children of Israel! I am the Messenger of Allah (sent) to you, confirming the Taurat (which came) before me, and giving glad tidings of a Messenger to come after me, whose name shall be Ahmad.'" These references are believed to be a prophecy about the coming of Mohammed as the last and final prophet. It is important to note that Most Sunnis and Shias do not hold the belief that the Prophet Muhammad is the advocate mentioned in the New Testament by Jesus. They have a different interpretation of these verses and understand the advocate and "Spirit of Truth" to be "Angel Gabriel" or "Jibril" in Arabic. Christians reject the idea that references to the Holy Spirit in the New Testament, specifically in the Gospel of John, refer to the Prophet Muhammad or the Angel Gabriel. This belief is not in line with historical and theological interpretations of the text An atheist, who does not believe in the existence of a deity or divine influence, may not find the same spiritual or religious significance in the writings of Moses, John, and Muhammad. However, they can still gain a cultural and historical understanding of these texts, as they are important works within their respective religious traditions. Additionally, they may be able to appreciate the moral and ethical teachings contained within these works, regardless of their stance on the existence of a deity. "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." This powerful statement expresses the belief in the inherent worth and dignity of every person, and has become a cornerstone of American political thought. Thomas Jefferson was in charge of the committee that drafted the Declaration of Independence. This statement lays out the principles that the new nation was founded upon. It was a bold declaration of the rights of citizens and a rejection of the idea that a monarch or any other authority could dictate or restrict those rights. This reflects the Enlightenment idea that these rights are not granted by any government or earthly authority, but are instead inherent to every person and guaranteed by the Creator alone. The idea of inalienable rights and equality, enshrined in the Declaration of Independence, has had a lasting impact on the world and continues to be a powerful symbol of freedom and justice. Recalling a motivational phrase or quote can help us to reframe our thoughts, change our perspective, and shape our behaviors. When we recall a line of text, we are engaging in the process of active recall, which helps to consolidate the information in our long-term memory. This makes the information easier to access and recall in the future, further reinforcing its significance and impact on our lives. When we recall a verse that we have found meaningful or inspiring, it can help to ground us and provide us with a source of strength, especially during difficult or challenging times. This can increase our resilience, give us the confidence to overcome obstacles, and help us to stay focused on our goals and aspirations. Furthermore, recalling these verses can also help us to maintain a positive mindset, foster a growth mindset, and cultivate a sense of gratitude and appreciation for life. How Objects Connect Us to Our Past When my son and I see an oval inflated football it brings a smile to our faces. My son and I both enjoy American Football. I remember shouting to my son, "Catch this!" As I threw the football high into the air, watching it spiral through the sky. My boy's eyes following the ball as he quickly takes off running towards it. He was focused, determined and ready to catch it. Leaping in the air with his arms outstretched, hands meeting the ball in a perfect catch. My boy lands gracefully on the ground, holding the ball up in triumph. "Wow, that was amazing! You caught it! I'm so proud of you, son!" I exclaimed as I ran over to him, giving him a high five. "You're becoming a real pro at this." My boy grinned from ear to ear, clearly proud of his catch. The feeling of success and accomplishment was written all over his face. While age has made it difficult for me to throw, my son and I still enjoy watching the game live or on television together. I remember when my son, Luke Jr., played football for his high school team. I still feel so proud when I think of the time he made a tackle on an opponent. Watching football also brings back happy memories of playing with my friends in my earlier years and celebrating when the teams I rooted for won the game. My son and I enjoy football movies or television series because we emotionally connect to the characters. One of my favorites is the guy Rudy, it's a classic story of an underdog, Daniel Ruettiger, and his lifelong dream of playing for the University of Notre Dame. Coming from a working-class family, I can relate to the story's premise. These memories of past experiences related to football is known as associative memory, where an object (the football) is linked to a specific memory or set of memories. Memories associated with the football brings happiness and contentment as it serves as a reminder of past accomplishments and successes that my son and I shared together, strengthening our bond, and reigniting our passion for the game. In Buddhism, good memories can be an important tool in the practice of mindfulness, which involves being present and aware of one's thoughts and emotions. Self-reflection is an essential aspect of Buddhism and is closely tied to the concept of mindfulness. Buddhism emphasizes the practice of being present and aware of one's thoughts and emotions, and self-reflection is a means to gain insight and understanding into one's own thoughts, emotions, and actions. One important aspect of Buddhism is the Eightfold Path (Ariya Atthangika Magga), a set of guidelines for ethical and mental development leading to the cessation (Nirodha) of suffering. It states that the cessation of suffering is possible and can be reached by the complete elimination of the causes of suffering, which are identified as craving and ignorance. In Pali, the language of the Theravada Buddhist canon, the word for "memory" is "sati" which is also a synonym of mindfulness. It refers to the ability to recall past experiences, events, and information and being present in the moment. Right Mindfulness (Samma-sati) is the seventh step of the Eightfold Path, which is a set of guidelines for ethical and mental development leading to the elimination of suffering (Nirodha). The practice of Right Mindfulness (Sati) is an essential aspect of the path, as it helps to develop a clear and focused awareness of the present moment, which can aid in the understanding of one's own thoughts, emotions and actions, and ultimately lead to the complete elimination of the causes of suffering, which are identified as craving and ignorance. The Discourse on the Foundations of Mindfulness (Satipatthana Sutta) provides detailed instructions on how to practice Right Mindfulness, including the practice of self-reflection on past memories, which can also play an important role in understanding the present moment. Through self-reflection on past experiences, events, and information, practitioners can gain insight into their own mental and emotional states, understand how they have adapted to past situations and how these adaptations affect their current thoughts, emotions, and actions. The Book of Psalms includes many passages that encourage self-reflection and self-awareness. For example, Psalm 4:4 says, "Meditate within your heart upon your bed and be still." This passage encourages quiet reflection and contemplation, as a way to gain insight and understanding. Additionally, the Book of Psalms encourages individuals to remember and give thanks for the good things that God has done in their lives. The book of Psalms 77:11, it says, "I will remember the deeds of the Lord; yes, I will remember your miracles of long ago. Psalm 119:97-104 states, "Oh, how I love your law! I meditate on it all day long. Your commands make me wiser than my enemies, for they are ever with me. I have more insight than all my teachers, for I meditate on your statutes. I have more understanding than the elders, for I obey your precepts. I have kept my feet from every evil path so that I might obey your word. I have not turned aside from your laws, for you yourself have taught me. How sweet are your words to my taste, sweeter than honey to my mouth!" This passage encourages individuals to reflect on God's teachings and to meditate on them in order to gain wisdom and understanding. Through self-reflection and meditation on God's word, the Book of Psalms encourages individuals to gain greater insight into themselves and their actions. The Talmud, which is a collection of Jewish texts that include commentary on the Hebrew Bible, also emphasizes the importance of self-reflection and meditation. The Talmud encourages individuals to reflect on their actions and to strive for ethical and moral improvement. For example, it says in the Pirkei Avot 4:1, "Who is wise? He who learns from every man, as it is said: “From all who taught me have I gained understanding." This encourages individuals to reflect on the actions and words of others in order to learn and grow. Additionally, the Talmud teaches the importance of reflection and introspection as a means to gain insight into one's own thoughts, emotions and actions. Avodah Zarah 8a:7 states, "the Sages taught: When Adam the first man saw that the day was progressively diminishing, as the days become shorter from the autumnal equinox until the winter solstice, he did not yet know that this is a normal phenomenon, and therefore he said: Woe is me; perhaps because I sinned the world is becoming dark around me and will ultimately return to the primordial state of chaos and disorder. And this is the death that was sentenced upon me from Heaven, as it is written: “And to dust shall you return” (Genesis 3:19). He arose and spent eight days in fasting and in prayer. This passage illustrates Adam's self-reflection, as well as his recognition of the potential consequences of his actions and his willingness to take responsibility for them. In the New Testament, Jesus encouraged individuals to focus on their own inner growth and development, and to strive for personal transformation. One example is in Matthew 5:48, Jesus says "Therefore you are to be perfect, as your heavenly Father is perfect." This passage suggests that Jesus encourages individuals to strive for personal growth and development, and to work towards becoming the best version of themselves. Another example is in Luke 6:45, Jesus says "The good man brings good things out of the good stored up in his heart, and the evil man brings evil things out of the evil stored up in his heart. For out of the overflow of his heart his mouth speaks." This passage suggests that Jesus encourages individuals to focus on the thoughts and emotions that reside in their hearts, and to strive for inner peace and positivity. One of Jesus' twelve Disciples, Peter, spoke about self-reflection and self-awareness as well. In 2 Peter 1:5-8, he writes, "For this very reason, make every effort to add to your faith goodness; and to goodness, knowledge; and to knowledge, self-control; and to self-control, perseverance; and to perseverance, godliness; and to godliness, mutual affection; and to mutual affection, love. For if you possess these qualities in increasing measure, they will keep you from being ineffective and unproductive in your knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ." This passage encourages self-reflection and self-awareness as a means to develop and grow in virtues, such as faith, goodness, self-control and love. The Quran contains several verses that discuss the importance of positive memories and self-reflection. For example, in Surah Al-Baqarah, verse 152, it states: "And remember, when you were few and oppressed in the land, fearing that people might abduct you, but He sheltered you, supported you with His victory, and provided you with good things - that you may be grateful." This verse encourages Muslims to remember the blessings they have received from God and to be grateful for them. Additionally, in Surah Al-Hadid verse 21, it states: "Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and earth, and the alternation of the night and the day, and the [great] ships which sail through the sea with that which benefits people, and what Allah has sent down from the heavens of rain, giving life thereby to the earth after its lifelessness and dispersing therein every [kind of] moving creature, and [His] directing of the winds and the clouds controlled between the heaven and the earth are signs for a people who use reason." This verse encourages Muslims to reflect on the signs of God in the natural world and to ponder their significance. In Surah Al-Baqarah verse 286, it states: "For every action, there is a consequence," this verse encourages individuals to reflect on the consequences of their actions and to strive for personal growth and development in order to become better, more righteous people. In Surah Al-Insan verse 7-8, it states: "And [mention] the soul and what proportioned it, and inspired it with its wickedness and its righteousness. Indeed, he succeeds who purifies it, and he fails who instills it [with corruption]." This verse encourages individuals to reflect on their own soul, the effect of their actions on it, and to strive for personal growth and development in order to purify their soul and become better, more righteous people. The Quran encourages Muslims to reflect on the blessings they have received from God and the consequences of their actions. This promotes gratitude, inspiration, self-awareness, and personal responsibility. These are key components of emotional well-being. Additionally, it encourages them to use their positive memories as a tool for self-improvement and emotional well-being. I believe all of the Abrahamic faiths encourage self-reflection and gratitude as a means to better understand thoughts and feelings. Christianity, Judaism, and Islam often encourage individuals to reflect on their thoughts, feelings, and actions in order to gain a deeper understanding of themselves and their relationship with God. Additionally, I have found all faiths encourage reflecting on positive memories and experiences that can bring a sense of gratitude and positivity to one's life. This helps people feel less stress and give thanks for the good things that a Higher Power has done in their lives. Believers are encouraged to reflect on faith teachings to gain greater wisdom and understanding on how to lead a better life. Additionally, reflecting on positive memories and experiences can help believers cultivate feelings of gratitude and positivity, which can lead to a sense of inner peace and well-being. Reflecting on faith teachings applied to their experiences can also provide guidance on how to lead a virtuous and meaningful life. The ideas of self-reflection, gratitude, and reflection on positive memories can be beneficial for individuals of any belief system. Hinduism, one of the oldest religions in the world, places a strong emphasis on self-reflection and self-inquiry as a means to spiritual growth and understanding the true nature of reality. One of the key teachings of Hinduism is the practice of "swadhyaya" or "self-study," which encourages individuals to reflect on their thoughts, emotions, and actions in order to gain a deeper understanding of themselves and their relationship with the divine. The Bhagavad Gita, one of the most sacred texts in Hinduism, states, "Self-realization is the knowing in all states of being, the one that is actionless, the one that is constantly abiding in the Self, the one that is unchanging, the one that is constant, the one that is the same in all beings, the one that is the witness of all states."(13:29) This passage highlights the importance of self-realization through self-reflection and self-inquiry. The Bhagavad Git emphasizes the importance of taking responsibility for one's actions and their consequences, "The one who sees inaction in action, and action in inaction, is wise among men; he is a yogi and performs all actions." (4:18) This passage teaches that through self-reflection and self-inquiry, one can understand that true spiritual growth lies in the balance between action and inaction, and in taking responsibility for one's actions. In addition to self-reflection and self-inquiry, the sacred Hindu text also encourages one to cultivate gratitude as a means to connect with the divine and experience greater inner peace and well-being, "The one who offers his actions to the divine, with an attitude of devotion, is freed from the bond of action, and attains peace." (5:10) This passage highlights the importance of offering one's actions to the divine and cultivating gratitude as a means to spiritual growth. In summary, Hinduism teaches that self-reflection and self-inquiry are important for spiritual growth and understanding the true nature of reality. The sacred texts such as Bhagavad Gita, encourages individuals to reflect on their actions, take responsibility for the consequences of their actions, and reflect on the sacred texts and teachings as guidance for leading a virtuous and meaningful life. Additionally, gratitude and devotion to the divine is also emphasized as a means to cultivate a deeper sense of connection and inner peace. "Mindfulness and the Path to Jedi Mastery: A Lesson from Master Yoda" The adorable ancient short green-skinned, pointy-eared, Yoda is widely regarded as one of the most memorable and beloved characters in the "Star Wars" universe. I can imagine the ancient Jedi Master teaching younglings about how to process their own thoughts, feelings, and actions. As the young Padawans sat in the dimly lit Jedi Temple, Master Yoda began his lesson. "Your thoughts, your feelings, your actions, younglings," he began, "these are the tools of the Jedi. It is important that you learn to process them. Reflect on them. Understand them." The young Jedi listen intently, their eyes fixed on the wise old Jedi Master. "But this is only the first step," he continued. "To truly master the Force, you must go deeper. You must contemplate the nature of your being. You must explore the depths of your mind." Master Yoda stood up, and with the aid of his cane, walked among the young Padawans. "You must learn mindfulness, younglings. To be mindful is to be aware of the present moment, to be aware of your thoughts, feelings, and actions. It is to understand the nature of your mind and how it shapes the reality you experience." The young Padawans sit in silence, taking in the weight of Master Yoda's words. "But the ultimate goal," he said, "is to transcend the mind. To understand the true nature of the self. To experience the true self and the oneness with the force." Master Yoda takes a seat once more and closes his eyes, "Now, clear your mind, younglings. Feel the force flow through you. Let go of your thoughts and feelings, and experience the present moment. This is the beginning of true understanding." The young Padawans follow the wise old Jedi's instruction, and as they do, a sense of peace and calm wash over them. They know that this is only the beginning of their journey, but with Master Yoda's guidance, they feel confident that they too can master the force and become true Jedi Knights. The human brain is capable of processing and storing a vast amount of information through the use of time memory cells, which are activated through our five senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. These memory cells can connect with similar cells to create a cohesive narrative of past experiences, and as time passes, the memories can be altered and embellished to become more dramatic and in context with the present. This process is known as the sensory register, where experiences are stored in a fleeting and temporary manner, before being consolidated and stored in long-term memory. Research in the field of psychology has shown that the ability to recall past experiences and the emotions associated with them plays a crucial role in human emotions and overall well-being. Individuals who are able to process and make sense of difficult life experiences, rather than repressing or avoiding them, tend to have better emotional well-being. Additionally, studies have shown that people who have positive life experiences, such as strong social connections and a sense of purpose, tend to have better mental health and well-being. An analogy that can be used to explain this process is the telling of a story. As time passes, the storyteller may change the narrative and embellish certain aspects to make it more dramatic and in context with the present audience. Similarly, our memories can also be altered and embellished over time, shaping our understanding of past experiences and influencing our emotions and overall well-being. Additionally, the ability to control and manage negative emotions by reframing or interpreting them in a more positive way can also contribute to a sense of happiness and well-being. It's also important to note that happiness is a complex and multi-faceted construct, and that other factors such as social support, self-esteem, and physical health also play important roles. The Importance of Memory in Adaptation and Survival Memory is an important adaptation from a neurological level as it allows an individual to store and retrieve information. It plays a vital role in learning, problem solving, and adapting to new situations. The ability to remember past experiences allows individuals to make informed decisions, navigate new environments, and avoid potential dangers. Memory also enables individuals to maintain social connections and relationships, and to pass on knowledge and cultural traditions to future generations. The ability to reflect, dream, and set goals is related to our ability to imagine and plan for the future, which is an important aspect of human cognition. These abilities may be related to our survival mechanisms, as the ability to learn, reflect, dream, and plan for the future can help us to better adapt to and survive in our environment. These abilities are facilitated by our sense of connection to our surroundings, our sensual experience, and our internal processing of everyday feelings, which enable us to recognize and predict what actions are necessary to survive and adapt to changes in our environment. It is Self Evident that our True Selves consist of distinct thoughts and sensations that coexist with a constant changing reality we live in. This perspective is supported by a growing body of research in neuroscience and psychology which suggests that the self is constantly in flux, shaped by our experiences, thoughts, and emotions. Studies on neuroplasticity have shown that the brain is constantly rewiring itself in response to new information, and that our experiences can lead to changes in the structure and function of the brain. Important life experiences proliferate our memory cells to help stabilize an unique emotional well being. Research in the field of positive psychology has shown that people who have positive life experiences, such as strong social connections and a sense of purpose, tend to have better mental health and well-being. Additionally, studies have shown that people who are able to process and make sense of difficult life experiences, rather than repressing or avoiding them, tend to have better emotional well-being. This is similar to data memory in computers. A close analogy would be that Artificial Intelligence is able perceive the environment, engage in decision making of whether to accumulate or discard in moments of time memory. Just as a computer's hard drive uses algorithms to automatically sort and categorize files for efficient storage and retrieval, the human brain also uses complex processes to sort and categorize memories for easy access and retrieval. Just as a computer's hard drive can be filled to capacity, the human brain also has a limited capacity for storing memories. And just as we can choose to delete or archive files on a computer to free up space, we can also choose to let go of certain memories that are no longer needed or are causing distress, in order to make room for new experiences. Additionally, in the same way that a computer can malfunction or develop errors in its memory system, the human brain can also experience problems with memory formation and recall due to injury, disease or other factors. It is important to remember that the human brain and computer memory are not the same. While computers store data in a linear and explicit way, the human brain is much more complex and stores information in a non-linear and implicit way, which makes it harder to access, edit and delete information. Perception and consciousness play a crucial role in shaping our mental states and experiences, including our desires. Mental states refer to the various mental experiences and processes that a person can have, such as emotions, cognitions, motivations, and desires. Perception refers to the mental processes that involve sensing and interpreting the world through our five senses (sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch). Consciousness is the state of being aware of one's own thoughts, feelings, and surroundings. Both perception and consciousness rely on the brain's ability to process and interpret sensory information, and they play a crucial role in shaping our mental states and experiences. For example, our perceptions of the world around us can influence our emotions, attitudes, and beliefs, while our consciousness of our own thoughts, feelings, and surroundings can influence our motivations and behaviors. Desires, which are strong urges or wishes for something, can also be influenced by these mental states and processes. Understanding and managing these mental states can be important for maintaining mental health and well-being. Connecting to Our Environment As humans, we learn and adapt through our connection to our surroundings. Our senses - sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell - play a crucial role in this process, providing us with the necessary information to recognize potential dangers or opportunities for sustenance and to navigate and adapt to any environment safely and effectively. Our natural surroundings can teach us a lot. We can learn how to survive by understanding and interacting with our environment. Our senses like sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell help us do this. Sight allows us to recognize potential predators or sources of food, sound helps us detect the approach of potential predators, the presence of other members of our species, or the sounds of nature such as birds singing, water flowing, and animals communicating, and also helps us locate and identify potential food sources, such as the rustling of leaves or the chirping of insects. Smell helps detect the presence of toxic or spoiled food, taste helps distinguish between nutritious and harmful substances, touch helps sense the texture and temperature of objects, and provide important information about the suitability of a particular surface for shelter or the presence of water, and hearing helps detect changes in the environment, such as approaching storms or the arrival of seasonal changes. All the senses play an important role in learning through a connection to one's natural environment and in surviving, providing us with the necessary information to recognize potential dangers or opportunities for sustenance and to navigate the environment safely and effectively. Natural connections play a big role in our lives. They help us learn, survive and make informed decisions about how to interact with our surroundings, using our senses. There are different types of natural connections, such as social connections, which are connections with friends, family, and romantic partners, providing emotional support, companionship, and a sense of belonging. Community connections, formed through shared cultural or religious beliefs, or through participation in local organizations or activities, provide a sense of identity, shared purpose, and social support. Ecological connections, formed through appreciation of natural beauty, participation in outdoor activities, or working to preserve natural resources, foster a sense of connection to something greater than oneself and a sense of stewardship and responsibility for the natural world. Spiritual connections, formed through religious or spiritual practices, provide a sense of meaning, purpose, and guidance in life. Humanistic connections, formed through the arts, culture, and history, provide a sense of belonging and connection to something greater than oneself. Natural connections can also make us feel bad. Short-term bad feelings can come from feeling scared or stressed because of dangers, being alone and not having friends or family, fighting with people in our community, feeling sad about the environment getting ruined, not understanding our beliefs or feeling disconnected from others. Long-term bad feelings can come from feeling sad and lonely for a long time because of not having friends or family, not feeling like we belong or have a place in our community, not caring about the environment, feeling lost without guidance or not understanding our beliefs, feeling alone and disconnected from others, and not being happy with our life because we don't have connections with nature. The Virtual Connection Evolution: Changing the Way We Build Relationships In today's digital age, the virtual world has become an integral part of human existence, providing a plethora of opportunities for connection and interaction. One of the most notable aspects of these virtual connections is the ability to form social bonds through online platforms such as social media, dating apps, or online forums. Another aspect of virtual connections is the ability to form professional connections through online professional networks, such as LinkedIn. Virtual communities have also emerged as an important aspect of virtual connections, through online communities, such as forums, chat rooms, or virtual worlds. Virtual reality environments have also become a popular platform for connection and interaction, through virtual-reality connections formed with other users in virtual reality environments, such as video games, social VR platforms, or virtual worlds. Artificial intelligence connections, formed with AI-based systems, such as virtual assistants, chatbots, or companion robots, also play an important role in virtual connections. Virtual connections are important for survival in today's world. We use our senses like sight, sound, and touch to learn and navigate virtual environments. Sight allows us to recognize and respond to virtual cues such as the movement of objects on a screen or the color of virtual fruits in a video game, sound allows us to recognize and respond to virtual auditory cues such as the audio sounds from Alexa, or the sound of a notification and touch allows us to interact with virtual objects through the use of touchscreens or haptic feedback devices, which can provide important information about the virtual environment. In summary, the human senses play a crucial role in learning and surviving in virtual environments, allowing us to perceive, recognize and respond to virtual cues, and to interact with the virtual environment in a safe and effective manner. Virtual connections can be great for our well-being and happiness. They can make us feel excited and happy in the short-term and can provide long-term benefits as well. For example, making friends through social media can make us feel less alone, joining professional networks can help us get ahead in our careers and participating in virtual communities or virtual reality experiences can make us feel like we are part of something bigger. Additionally, using virtual assistants and other AI tools can make our lives easier and more convenient. These virtual connections can be especially helpful for people who have trouble making connections in real life or for people who want to find others who share their interests and values. Virtual connections can have negative effects on our well-being and happiness. Short-term effects include feeling sad when a virtual relationship ends and feeling isolated when addicted to virtual connections. In the long-term, over-reliance on virtual connections can lead to less face-to-face interactions, loneliness and disconnection from reality. Virtual relationships can also be less authentic and emotionally deep, leading to disappointment and dissatisfaction. People who lack access to technology or digital literacy may also have difficulty forming virtual connections, leading to feelings of isolation and exclusion. Natural vs Virtual Connections: A Comparison I can imagine the late Anthony Bourdain reflecting the comparisons of connections to meals, drawing on his expertise as a chef and his understanding of the importance of fresh, natural ingredients and the care that goes into a home-cooked meal, while also acknowledging that in today's fast-paced world, sometimes people need quick and easy options, like pre-packaged meals and virtual connections. "You know, when it comes to connections, I like to think of them in terms of meals. Natural connections, they're like a home-cooked meal. Made with fresh, natural ingredients, prepared with care and intention. They provide a sense of warmth and comfort, much like how natural connections involve connecting to the physical world and other people through the use of our five senses. They give us a sense of belonging, emotional support, and a sense of connection to something greater than ourselves. On the other hand, virtual connections, they're like pre-packaged meals. Convenient and easy to make, but they may lack the emotional depth and authenticity of natural connections. They provide social support, companionship, and opportunities for networking and collaboration, but they may lack the physicality and immediacy of natural connections. And just like pre-packaged meals lack the same level of flavor and nutrition as a home-cooked meal, virtual connections lack the same level of emotional depth and authenticity as natural ones. But just like how a pre-packaged meal can be a quick and easy option, virtual connections can also be a valuable resource in today's fast-paced world. It's all about finding balance and understanding the strengths and limitations of each type of connection. And just like how a home-cooked meal can be nourishing for our bodies, natural connections can be nourishing for our souls." Faith in Something "Son, there are many paths to Heaven. But, as for me, I believe that the path of my faith is the most direct way to reach it. This belief has taught me to understand and respect that everyone has their own unique beliefs and perspectives and it's important to respect them." Faith and beliefs are intimately tied to the human experience, and are personal and unique to each individual. The idea that there are many paths to reach a higher spiritual plane is a common belief among many religions and spiritual practices. My father, like many others, held a strong belief in his own faith as the most direct path to reach salvation or enlightenment. However, he also understood and respected that everyone has their own beliefs and perspectives. He imparted to me the understanding that respect for different beliefs and perspectives is crucial in our journey towards self-discovery and understanding of the world. Faith often involves trust and commitment, while belief is a mental acceptance of something being true. Faith and belief can overlap, but they don’t always have to be the same thing. A person can have faith in a higher power without necessarily having specific beliefs about that power, and a person can have beliefs about something without necessarily having faith in it. The concept of faith in the sense of belief in something that cannot be proven or seen, is present in many cultures throughout history. Different cultures have their own unique beliefs and practices, but it is clear that faith is a universal human experience that has been present in different cultures since ancient times. Faith has long been an integral part of human survival and adaptation. It provides a sense of hope, purpose, and strength to navigate the ever-changing world around us. On a physiological level, faith can provide comfort in times of distress or fear, helping our bodies adapt more easily to new environments and challenges. On a psychological level, faith gives individuals the courage to face difficult situations without feeling overwhelmed by them, allowing for resilience even in the most challenging circumstances. On a cultural level, faith encourages people from different backgrounds to come together as one community, despite their differences. This fosters mutual understanding between groups who may have otherwise remained separate due to their beliefs or customs. From a neurological perspective, faith is a complex process that involves the activation of various brain regions and functions. Studies have shown that certain areas of the brain, such as the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala, are activated when individuals engage in religious or spiritual practices. This activation is associated with cognitive processes such as decision-making, planning, and attention, as well as emotional processes such as awe, wonder, and transcendence. Additionally, faith has been shown to activate the reward system in the brain, which can lead to feelings of pleasure and satisfaction. Faith encompasses a belief and trust in something. This belief and trust can take different forms depending on the individual or the belief system they adhere to. For many, faith is a belief in a higher power or divine presence, characterized by trust in its goodness and power, and often accompanied by a sense of commitment and devotion. For others, it may be a belief in a set of principles or teachings. Some may find solace and comfort in the idea of a higher power guiding and directing the world, while others may find meaning and purpose in a set of teachings or principles. Additionally, some may find that their trust in a higher power or teachings is reinforced by personal experiences or observations, such as a sense of inner peace or a feeling of connection to something greater than oneself. Furthermore, cultural or societal influences may shape an individual's belief and trust in a higher power. Ultimately, the reasons for why one chooses to trust in a higher power or teachings or principles are personal and unique to each individual. Regardless of the specific form it takes, faith is a central aspect of many belief systems. Asha is the Zoroastrian term for faith, which is a central concept in Zoroastrianism. The term is derived from the Avestan language and is often translated as "truth" or "righteousness." It is the principle of cosmic order and truth that governs the universe, and it is the foundation of the Zoroastrian ethical system. In the Gathas, the oldest texts of Zoroastrianism, Asha is described as the source of life and the embodiment of all that is good and true. In Yasna 31.11, Asha is described as "the best, the most beautiful and the most beneficial of all things." It is also described as the source of life, happiness and prosperity. Furthermore, in Yasna 30.3, it is stated "we worship the good, bountiful and beneficent Asha, the most beautiful, the most desirable, the best, the most effective, the most victorious and the most healing." These passages emphasize the importance of Asha in Zoroastrianism, as it is seen as the source of all that is good, true and beautiful in the world, and it is the foundation of the Zoroastrian ethical system. The Tanakh presents faith as an essential belief and trust in God, and the willingness to obey God's commandments and follow his teachings. The Hebrew word "Emunah" which is often translated as faith, is used in the Tanakh to convey the idea of trust, reliability, and confidence in God, it is a fundamental aspect of the Jewish faith and a central theme in many passages throughout the Tanakh. For example, in the book of Deuteronomy, Moses tells the Israelites that they must put their trust in God and obey his commandments, he says "And now, Israel, what does the Lord your God require of you? Only to fear the Lord your God, to walk in all his ways, to love him, to serve the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul" (Deuteronomy 10:12). The New Testament, written in Greek, uses the word "pistis" which is often translated as "faith" to convey the essential nature of faith for salvation and a close relationship with God. It emphasizes that faith is not just a mental assent to certain beliefs, but a personal trust in Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior. This is evident in passages such as Hebrews 11:1, which states "Now faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen," emphasizing that faith is not just a belief in something, but an active trust that leads to action and change in a person's life. Similarly, Ephesians 2:8-9 teaches that faith in Jesus is the means by which one receives salvation and that it is not based on works but on grace. Throughout the New Testament, it is clear that faith is a personal trust in Jesus Christ that leads to salvation and a close relationship with God, emphasizing that faith is not just a belief in certain doctrines, but a personal trust in Jesus as Lord and Savior. The Talmud, which is a collection of Jewish rabbinical teachings and commentary, states that Emunah is a deep belief in God and his commandments. It emphasizes that true faith involves not just intellectual belief, but also action and adherence to God's laws. For example, the Talmud states in Avot 2:1: "The world stands on three things: Torah, worship, and acts of kindness." This passage highlights that faith in God is not only about studying the Torah, but also about actively practicing the commandments and performing acts of kindness and charity. Additionally, the Talmud teaches that true faith includes complete trust and reliance on God, and a willingness to sacrifice for the sake of God's commandments. In other words, Emunah means faith as well as trust and commitment to God's commandments. The Quran emphasizes the centrality of iman (faith) in the Islamic belief system, which encompasses the belief in the oneness of God (Tawheed), the belief in the Prophethood of Muhammad and the belief in the articles of faith. Furthermore, the Quran teaches that iman is not limited to a verbal declaration of belief, but it also entails action. This is evident in verses such as Surah Al-Baqarah (The Cow) verse 177, which states: "It is not righteousness that you turn your faces towards East or West; but it is righteousness- to believe in Allah and the Last Day, and the Angels, and the Book, and the Messengers; to spend of your substance, out of love for Him, for your kin, for orphans, for the needy, for the wayfarer, for those who ask, and for the ransom of slaves; to be steadfast in prayer, and practice regular charity; to fulfill the contracts which you have made; and to be firm and patient, in pain (or suffering) and adversity, and throughout all periods of panic. Such are the people of truth, the Allah-fearing." This verse emphasizes that righteousness is not limited to performing religious rituals, but it also encompasses having true faith in God and practicing that faith through good deeds and righteous actions. Additionally, Surah Al-Ankabut (The Spider) verse 2 states: "This is the Book (the Quran), whereof there is no doubt, a guidance to those who are Al-Muttaqoon (the pious and righteous persons who fear Allah much (abstain from all kinds of sins and evil deeds which He has forbidden) and love Allah much (perform all kinds of good deeds which He has ordained))." This verse emphasizes that the Quran is a guidance for those who have true faith and fear of God, and that true faith leads to righteousness and piousness. The Quran teaches that iman is a comprehensive and holistic understanding of God's message and a commitment to living according to its teachings. It encompasses a belief in God, His Messengers, and the articles of faith, as well as a commitment to following the Five Pillars of Islam and living a righteous life. Thus, iman is not just a verbal declaration of belief, but it is a combination of belief and action, and it is essential for salvation and attaining a close relationship with God. Faith, or Shraddha, is a central concept in Hinduism. The term is derived from the Sanskrit language and is often translated as "faith" or "devotion." It is the belief in the authority and truth of the sacred texts, such as the Vedas, as well as the belief in the ability of the gods and goddesses to grant blessings and protection. In the Bhagavad Gita, Shraddha is described as the foundation of one's spiritual practice and the means by which one attains spiritual knowledge. In Chapter 2, verse 42, Lord Krishna states "the objects of faith should be constantly worshipped with one's own duty. By doing so, one attains perfection." This passage emphasizes the importance of Shraddha in Hinduism, as it is seen as the foundation of one's spiritual practice and the means by which one attains spiritual knowledge. Additionally, in the Manusmriti, Shraddha is described as the duty of a person to honor and venerate one's ancestors and the gods. The importance of Shraddha in Hinduism is further highlighted in the practice of performing daily puja or worship, which is a devotional ritual that is considered an essential part of one's spiritual practice and is performed with the intention of cultivating Shraddha. These passages emphasize the importance of Shraddha in Hinduism, as it is seen as the foundation of one's spiritual practice and the means by which one attains spiritual knowledge and honors one's ancestors and gods. Buddhism is a non-theistic (no god) religion that focuses on the teachings of the Buddha and the path to enlightenment. The term for faith in Buddhism is "Saddhā" which is a Pali word, generally translated as "confidence", "conviction", "faith", "trust" or "belief". It is considered one of the three qualities that lead to enlightenment, the other two being moral virtues (sīla) and mental development (samadhi). Saddhā is often thought of as a necessary foundation for the other two, as it provides the motivation and inspiration to live a virtuous life and to practice meditation. The Buddhist scriptures, such as the Dhammapada, describe Saddhā as an essential factor for spiritual progress and for achieving the ultimate goal of enlightenment. For example, in the Dhammapada verse 102, it states: "Through faith one finds a refuge, through virtue, wisdom, and through wisdom, one finds a refuge in the ultimate goal". This verse emphasizes that faith is an important aspect of Buddhism as it provides the foundation for spiritual progress and for attaining the ultimate goal of enlightenment. Additionally, verse 112 of the Dhammapada states "Faith is the foundation of all good qualities; lack of faith is the foundation of all evil." This verse emphasizes that faith is necessary for the development of good qualities and that the lack of faith is the foundation of all evil. In Taoism, the concept of faith is not as central as it is in some other religions. The Chinese word for faith is "xin" which can be translated as "trust" or "confidence." In Taoism, the focus is on living in harmony with the Tao, the natural order of the universe, rather than on having faith in a specific deity or set of beliefs. The Tao Te Ching, a foundational text in Taoism, encourages individuals to let go of their desires and attachments, and to trust in the natural flow of the universe. This understanding of trust or confidence in the natural order of things can be considered a form of faith in Taoism. Asatru is a modern neo-pagan reconstruction of ancient Nordic polytheistic beliefs that date back to pre-Christian times. The word "Asatru" means "true to the Aesir" which refers to the gods of the Norse pantheon. Trú is the concept of trust in the gods, the divine, and the natural world. In Asatru, it is believed that by having faith in the gods, one can find strength and guidance in difficult times. The Havamal, Sigrdrifumal, and Voluspa are all texts from Norse mythology and they mention the concept of trú, and how it is important for the believer and that it could bring strength and luck. Faith in this context can be seen as a form of inner strength that allows believers to take on difficult tasks and to always strive to do their best. Here are a few examples of passages from Norse texts that mention the concept of Trú: "Trú shall make thee strong" - Havamal, "Trú is the best of possessions" - Havamal, "To trust in the gods is trú" - Sigrdrifumal, "The trú of men is the root of all luck" - Voluspa. These passages emphasize the importance of trust in the gods, as it is seen as the foundation of strength, luck, and success. Druidry is a modern pagan spiritual movement that seeks to connect with the natural world and the sacredness of life. It is not a religion, but a way of understanding the interconnectedness of all things and finding strength and guidance through a relationship with the natural world. Faith plays a central role in this spiritual practice, as it is based on the belief in the power of the natural world and the presence of the divine in all things. This faith is not limited to a specific set of gods or deities, but rather is a trust in the natural cycles of the world and the interconnectedness of all things. This concept is reflected in some of the traditional spiritual texts, such as the Carmina Gadelica, which contains prayers and incantations related to nature, the seasons, the elements, and the relationship between the human and the divine. One example of this is a prayer from the Carmina Gadelica that reads: "May the faith that is in the elements be in my breast, may the faith that is in the elements be in my mind, may the faith that is in the elements be in my soul". This prayer speaks to the deep sense of faith in the natural world and the interconnectedness of all things that is fundamental to Druidry. This deep sense of faith in the natural world is what sets Druidry apart from other spiritual movements and emphasizes the importance of connecting with the earth and understanding our place within the world. It is important to note that the faith and belief of each individual druid may vary, and druidry is an eclectic and personal set of beliefs and practices. Additionally, it is also worth mentioning that ancient druids had an oral tradition and did not leave any texts, so much of what is known about their practices and beliefs comes from accounts written by Roman and Greek writers. Atheists do not have faith in a higher power or deity, but they may have faith in others. Faith in others can take many forms, such as trust in friends and family, belief in the goodness of humanity, or confidence in the ability of people to make positive change. Atheists may also have faith in certain principles or values, such as reason, logic, and scientific inquiry. Atheism does not necessarily mean a lack of faith or belief in anything, it simply means a lack of belief in a god or gods. Some atheists may have faith in human capability and the power of reason and evidence to understand the world. Faith as a personal trust and commitment to a higher power can provide a sense of purpose and guidance in one's life and can bring a deeper sense of meaning and fulfillment. Even for those who do not believe in the existence of a higher power, the concept of faith as a personal trust and commitment to a set of values or principles can still be a valuable aspect of one's life. It can provide a sense of direction, a moral compass, and a framework for making choices and decisions. It can also foster a sense of community and connection with others who share similar values and beliefs. Therefore, even for an atheist, the concept of faith as a personal trust and commitment can be a valuable aspect of one's life, providing a sense of purpose and guidance, fostering a sense of community, and bringing a deeper sense of meaning and fulfillment. Faith can be compared to a compass. Just as a compass helps guide a person through unknown territory, providing direction and orientation, faith can guide a person through the unknowns and uncertainties of life. A compass is not dependent on the physical presence of a particular landmark or location, but rather it points towards a fixed direction, regardless of where one is. Similarly, faith can provide a sense of direction and guidance, independent of one's current circumstances. Just as a compass needs to be calibrated and maintained to function properly, faith also needs to be cultivated and nurtured through practices such as prayer, meditation, and adherence to moral principles. In this way, faith acts as a compass, guiding one's actions and decisions, providing a sense of purpose and direction, and helping one navigate through the unknowns of life. When I first saw "Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End," the idea of faith being compared to a compass really struck me. In the movie, the compass is a central plot point and it's used to guide the characters through unknown territory. The scene is set on a deserted island, the crew of the Black Pearl is stranded, they have been searching for the legendary ship for weeks. Captain Jack Sparrow is sitting on a rock, holding the compass, staring at it intently. Will Turner and Elizabeth Swann are with him. Jack Sparrow: "You see, mates, this compass, it's more than just a tool for navigation. It's a symbol of me faith. Just like a compass guides us through the unknown waters, faith guides us through the unknowns of life. It's not dependent on physical landmarks or locations, but rather it points towards a fixed direction, regardless of where we are." Elizabeth Swann: "But Captain, the compass only points to one's true love, not a physical location." Jack Sparrow: "Aye, that's true, my dearie. But love, true love, is the ultimate guiding light, isn't it? It's the one thing that can guide us through the darkest of storms and the roughest of seas. And that's why I have faith in this compass. It will guide me back to my true love, the Black Pearl." Will Turner: "But Captain, the Pearl is just a ship, it's not a person." Jack Sparrow: "Ah, but Will, the Pearl is more than just a ship known for her speed and ferocity in battle . She's a part of me, a part of my soul. And with faith in this compass, I know we will find her and set her free." [Jack holds the compass close to his heart and looks out into the horizon, determined to find his way back to the Black Pearl] Understanding Desire Desire is a complex emotion that has been studied by scientists and researchers for centuries. It is believed to be an evolved trait that serves as a survival adaptation, helping individuals to pursue the things they need or want in order to thrive and survive. Learning and adaptation are essential for human survival and well-being, as they allow us to navigate and thrive in a constantly changing environment. The types of desire can range from basic needs to more complex and abstract wants, and often stem from the belief that happiness is a fundamental human right. Common desires include positive relationships, meaningful work, financial security, good health, personal growth, and a sense of purpose and fulfillment. The pursuit of happiness, a natural and universal desire, can motivate and inspire individuals to pursue their dreams and goals and strive for a meaningful, fulfilling, and satisfying life. The concept of desire has been present in many different cultures and societies throughout history and has been explored and debated by philosophers, theologians, and scholars in various fields. desire has been viewed as both a potential source of suffering and as a driving force that can motivate individuals to pursue their goals and seek out pleasure and happiness. There is evidence to suggest that human desire has evolved over time in response to changing environmental, cultural, and social conditions. It is my belief that humans have a natural desire for social connection and that this desire has played a role in the evolution of human societies. Additionally, the human tendency to seek out new and novel experiences and stimuli. This desire is thought to be rooted in our natural curiosity and desire to explore and learn about the world around us. It is also thought to be related to our need for stimulation and the avoidance of boredom. The desire for novelty is often associated with positive emotions such as excitement, pleasure, and enjoyment, and it can motivate people to engage in a variety of activities such as travel, adventure, and creative pursuits. However, it can also lead to negative outcomes if it becomes excessive or if it leads to unhealthy or risky behavior. It has been suggested that wisdom, self-control, moderation, and living in harmony with the natural world can help individuals manage their desires and achieve contentment and happiness. Desire has also been linked to the pursuit of pleasure, the avoidance of pain, the cultivation of virtue, and the choice between good and evil. It is believed that individuals have the ability to overcome negative desires and cultivate virtuous qualities through spiritual discipline and self-control. It is also emphasized that living in harmony with the natural world and respecting the rights and dignity of all living beings are important in managing desire and achieving a sense of fulfillment and happiness. Cultivating Good Desire In psychology, good desires are referred to as pro-social or pro-social motives, as they involve wanting to do things that are beneficial or helpful to others or to society as a whole. Examples of pro-social desires include wanting to help others, wanting to contribute to the well-being of the community, or wanting to engage in activities that promote social harmony or cohesion. Pro-social motives are thought to be an important aspect of human psychology, as they help to promote positive social interactions and contribute to the overall well-being of individuals and society. Research has shown that pro-social motives are related to a variety of positive outcomes, including increased life satisfaction, better mental and physical health, and greater social connectedness. It's worth noting that pro-social motives can also be seen as a subset of intrinsic motivations, which are driven by personal interest or enjoyment rather than external rewards or incentives, in contrast to extrinsic motivations which are driven by external rewards or incentives such as money, fame, or recognition. The Abrahamic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all place a strong emphasis on loving and serving God, as well as loving and serving others. This can include desires such as seeking to live a virtuous and moral life, helping those in need, and striving to bring peace and justice to the world. The Hebrew Bible, also known as the Tanakh or the "Mikra," contains passages from the Torah, Nevi'im, and ketuvim that discuss good desires. These passages include Deuteronomy 10:12-13, which states that the Lord asks his people to fear him, walk in his ways, love him, serve him with all their hearts, and observe his commands for their own good. Leviticus 19:18 tells Jews not to seek revenge or bear a grudge against anyone among their people, but to love their neighbors as themselves. Isaiah 1:17 advises Jews to learn to do right, seek justice, defend the oppressed, and plead the case of the fatherless and the widow. Micah 6:8 states that the Lord requires Jews to act justly, love mercy, and walk humbly with him. Psalm 106:3 states that those who observe justice and do righteousness at all times are blessed, and Proverbs 3:27 advises Jews not to withhold good from those to whom it is due when they have the power to act. I have found that the Hebrew Bible encourages people to have a desire to be kind, fair, helpful to others, and to follow God's rules. The Talmud is a collection of Jewish texts that includes both the Mishnah, a code of Jewish law, and the Gemara, a commentary on the Mishnah. The Talmud is an important source of Jewish law and tradition, and it includes a number of passages that discuss good desires. One passage, from the Mishnah (Avot 2:12), states that the right way for a person to conduct themselves is to have a heart that is concerned with the welfare of others and to be eager to fulfill the wishes of their fellow man as much as their own. Another passage, from the Talmud (Baba Batra 10b), asserts that the Holy One helps and gives wisdom to Torah scholars who are humble, desirous of learning, and exert themselves to learn and teach Torah. A third passage, from the Talmud (Sotah 14a), notes that the attribute of loving-kindness is the foundation of all virtues, and that when a person is kind to others, they will eventually come to be kind to themselves. These passages from the Talmud highlight the importance of good desires such as compassion, humility, and a desire to learn and help others. The New Testament is the second part of the Christian Bible and contains the teachings and messages of Jesus Christ and his followers. It includes a number of passages that discuss good desires, including Matthew 22:39, which states that the commandment to love one's neighbor as oneself is one of the most important commandments, and Colossians 3:12-13, which advises Christians to clothe themselves with compassion, kindness, humility, gentleness, and patience, and to forgive one another as they have been forgiven by God. Philippians 2:3-4 instructs Christians to avoid selfish ambition and vain conceit, and to value others above themselves in humility. Galatians 5:22-23 lists the fruit of the Spirit as including love, joy, peace, forbearance, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control, and James 1:27 states that a pure and faultless religion involves looking after orphans and widows in their distress and avoiding being polluted by the world. Ephesians 4:32 advises Christians to be kind, compassionate, and forgiving towards one another, just as God has forgiven them. These passages from the New Testament emphasize the importance of good desires such as love, compassion, humility, and forgiveness in the Christian faith. The Quran emphasizes the importance of good desires such as love, compassion, humility, and forgiveness. For example, in Surah al-Hujurat, verse 13, it states: 'O mankind, indeed We have created you from male and female and made you peoples and tribes that you may know one another. Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Acquainted.' This passage emphasizes the importance of treating others with kindness and compassion, and recognizing that all people are equal in the sight of God. Similarly, in Surah al-Maida, verse 8, it is stated: 'O you who have believed, be persistently standing firm in justice, witnesses for Allah, even if it be against yourselves or parents and relatives. Whether one is rich or poor, Allah is more worthy of both. So follow not [personal] inclination, lest you not be just. And if you distort [your testimony] or refuse [to give it], then indeed Allah is ever, with what you do, Acquainted.' This passage emphasizes the importance of upholding justice and fairness, even when it may be difficult or unpopular to do so. In Surah al-Nisa, verse 135, a similar message is conveyed: 'O you who have believed, be persistently standing firm in justice, witnesses for Allah, even if it be against yourselves or parents and relatives. Whether one is rich or poor, Allah is more worthy of both. So follow not [personal] inclination, lest you not be just. And if you distort [your testimony] or refuse [to give it], then indeed Allah is ever, with what you do, Acquainted.' Finally, in Surah al-Baqarah, verse 177, it is stated: 'Righteousness is not that you turn your faces toward the east or the west, but [true] righteousness is [in] one who believes in Allah, the Last Day, the angels, the Book, and the prophets and gives wealth, in spite of love for it, to relatives, orphans, the needy, the traveler, those who ask [for help], and for freeing slaves.' This passage emphasizes the importance of being compassionate and helpful to others, especially those in need." The Quran teaches us to be kind, fair, and helpful to others and to follow God. There are several passages in the Hadith (sayings and actions attributed to the Prophet Muhammad) that discuss the importance of good desires such as love, compassion, humility, and forgiveness. For example, the Hadith states: 'The most perfect of believers in faith is the one whose character is finest and who is kindest to his wife' (Sahih Bukhari). Another Hadith says: 'None of you has faith until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself' (Sahih Bukhari). The Hadith also emphasizes the importance of good manners and character, stating: 'The best of you are those who have the best manners and character' (Sahih Bukhari). In addition, The Hadith advises us to control our anger, stating: 'The strongest among you is the one who controls his anger' (Sahih Bukhari). The Hadith also emphasizes the importance of mutual love, mercy, and kindness among believers: 'The believers, in their mutual love, mercy, and kindness are just like one body; when any part of the body complains, the whole body responds to it with wakefulness and fever' (Sahih Bukhari). The Hadith is a book that teaches us to be kind, loving, and patient with others and to have good manners and character. Contextualizing Neutral Desires Neutral desires are desires that are neither good nor bad in and of themselves, but may become good or bad depending on the context or the actions taken to fulfill them. Examples of neutral desires include the desire for food, shelter, rest, knowledge, companionship, and physical activity. These desires can be necessary for survival and well-being, but can also become harmful if pursued to excess. It is important to recognize that while some desires may be neutral in themselves, the actions we take to fulfill them can have moral implications. For example, the desire for food is essential for survival and well-being, but the actions we take to fulfill this desire, such as how we acquire and consume food, can have moral implications. Similarly, the desire for companionship or connection with others is neutral, but the actions we take to fulfill this desire, such as how we treat and interact with others, can have moral implications. It is up to us to consider the potential consequences of our actions when it comes to fulfilling our desires, as they may have moral implications that go beyond the neutrality of the desire itself. By considering the potential consequences of our actions, we can make more informed and ethical decisions about how to fulfill our desires in a way that is positive for ourselves and those around us. Impulses and neutral desires are similar in that they both influence our behavior and motivate us to take action. They can come from a variety of sources, including emotions, past experiences, personal beliefs and values, and external stimuli. Both impulses and neutral desires can be influenced by emotions, and some examples of emotions that might influence both include: a desire for happiness or satisfaction, a desire to avoid negative or dangerous situations, a desire to do things for the people we care about, a desire to address or respond to perceived injustices or wrongs, and a desire for excitement and adventure. It is clear that Impulses and neutral desires are internal drives or urges that make us want to take action and can be influenced by our emotions. There are key differences between impulses and neutral desires. Impulses are typically sudden, strong desires or urges that may not be well thought out or considered, and can sometimes lead to impulsive or reckless behavior. Neutral desires, on the other hand, are generally more moderate or long-term in nature and are typically less likely to lead to impulsive or reckless behavior. Neutral desires may be based on practical considerations or personal preferences, and may be more reflective and thought out than impulses. It is also important to recognize that impulses are a natural and normal part of human behavior, and it is not always possible or desirable to completely suppress them. Instead, it can be helpful to learn to recognize and understand one's own impulses and to find healthy and constructive ways to act on or manage them. It is also important to recognize that impulses and neutral desires can sometimes overlap or influence each other, and it can be helpful to find a balance between acting on impulses and considering long-term goals and values. Past experiences, personal beliefs and values, and external stimuli such as advertisements, social pressure, or cultural norms can also shape our desires and motivations. Impulses may be driven by a desire to recreate positive experiences or stay true to ourselves, while neutral desires may be motivated by a desire to avoid negative past experiences, a belief in the importance of hard work and dedication, or external factors. Impulses are strong, sudden urges that can sometimes cause us to act recklessly without thinking carefully about the consequences, while neutral desires are more thought out and are less likely to cause rash behavior. It is important to consider the role that emotions, such as anger and emotional hurt, can play in shaping our desires and motivations. Emotions can be a powerful driving force behind both impulses and neutral desires, and can influence how we pursue and act on these desires. For example, feelings of anger or frustration may lead to impulsive or reckless behavior, while feelings of emotional hurt or disappointment may motivate more moderate or long-term desires. It is important to recognize the influence of emotions on our desires and motivations, and to try to manage and regulate these emotions in a healthy and constructive way. By being aware of the role that emotions play in shaping our desires, we can make more informed and ethical decisions about how to act on and fulfill these desires. Additionally, focusing on positive emotions, such as happiness, can help us to lead more fulfilling and meaningful lives. Controlling Bad Desire Bad desires are sometimes referred to as antisocial or antisocial motives, as they involve wanting to do things that are harmful or detrimental to others or to society as a whole. Examples of antisocial motives include wanting to harm or hurt others, wanting to engage in self-destructive behaviors, or wanting to acquire power or wealth at the expense of others. Antisocial motives are thought to be an important area of study in psychology, as they can lead to negative outcomes for individuals and society. I have witnessed antisocial motives can lead to a variety of negative outcomes, including increased aggression and aggression-related behaviors, decreased life satisfaction, and poorer mental and physical health. It's worth noting that antisocial motives can also be seen as a subset of extrinsic motivations, which are driven by external rewards or incentives such as money, fame, or recognition, in contrast to intrinsic motivations which are driven by personal interest or enjoyment rather than external rewards or incentives. It is important to control bad desires that can hurt others and choose to do things that are helpful and positive instead. In the Abrahamic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, bad desires, or the desires of the flesh, are often seen as being at odds with the desires of the spirit. To live a fulfilling and meaningful life, individuals may need to seek a balance between these two aspects of themselves. This idea is often expressed in terms of the struggle between good and evil, or the struggle between the will of God and the temptation of sin. In Judaism, bad desires are referred to as "yetzer hara," or the "evil inclination," and are associated with selfishness and sin. Judaism teaches that it is important to strive to control the "evil inclination" and cultivate a relationship with God through prayer, Torah study, and good deeds. In Christianity, bad desires are referred to as "sin," and are seen as a separation from God and a source of spiritual suffering. Christianity teaches that all humans are born with a sinful nature and are in need of redemption through faith in Jesus Christ, and encourages individuals to seek a personal relationship with God through prayer, Bible study, and participation in the sacraments, and to resist the temptation of sin through the power of the Holy Spirit. In Islam, bad desires are referred to as "nafs," or the "lower self," and are seen as a source of temptation and distraction from the path of righteousness. Islam teaches that all humans are prone to sin and are in need of guidance and discipline in order to live a righteous and fulfilling life, and encourages Muslims to seek a personal relationship with God through prayer, fasting, and charity, and to resist the temptation of sin through the practice of self-control and submission to the will of God. All the Abrahamic religions believe it is important to control our desires and make sure we do things that are good and helpful, rather than harmful or selfish, in order to live a good and meaningful life. In Eastern philosophical traditions, such as Buddhism and Taoism, bad desires are often seen as a source of suffering and discontent. These traditions teach that unbridled or excessive desire can lead to negative consequences, such as greed, selfishness, and attachment to the impermanent and changing aspects of life. Both Buddhism and Taoism encourage individuals to cultivate detachment from desire and to cultivate virtues such as compassion, non-attachment, and equanimity in order to find peace and contentment within themselves. In Buddhism, the concept of craving (tanha) is often used to describe bad desires, and is seen as a source of suffering and discontent. Buddhist teachings encourage individuals to cultivate detachment from craving in order to achieve liberation and enlightenment. The Buddha taught that the root of suffering is attachment to the impermanent and changing aspects of life, and that the path to freedom involves letting go of these attachments. By cultivating mindfulness and awareness, individuals can learn to recognize and let go of their cravings, and to find peace and contentment within themselves. In Taoism, the concept of yin and yang is used to describe the balance between the desires of the flesh and the desires of the spirit. Taoist teachings encourage individuals to cultivate balance between yin and yang in order to achieve harmony and enlightenment. This involves cultivating virtues such as non-attachment and non-resistance, and learning to let go of the ego and to live in harmony with the natural flow of the universe. By cultivating detachment from desire and cultivating virtues such as compassion and equanimity, individuals can find peace and contentment within themselves and live in harmony with the world around them. I have learned that Eastern philosophies teach us to control our desires and cultivate virtues like compassion and non-attachment in order to find happiness. It is common for polytheistic faiths to place emphasis on the importance of controlling and directing one's desires in a positive and ethical manner, rather than viewing all desire as inherently "bad." In Hinduism, the concept of "kama" refers to desire, but it is not necessarily considered "bad." In fact, kama is one of the four goals of human life in Hinduism, along with dharma (moral and spiritual duty), artha (material prosperity), and moksha (liberation from the cycle of death and rebirth). However, it is believed that excessive or uncontrolled desire can lead to suffering, and so it is important to strive for balance and moderation in one's desires. In Shintoism, the concept of "tsumi" refers to wrongdoing or sin, and it is believed that tsumi can be caused by selfish or uncontrolled desires. In Shintoism, it is important to strive for purity and harmony with the natural world, and desires that go against this principle may be considered harmful. In Wicca, the concept of the "Threefold Law" holds that whatever energy a person puts out into the world, whether positive or negative, will be returned to them threefold. Therefore, it is important to be mindful of one's actions and desires, and to strive for positive, ethical behavior. In Asatru, the concept of the "Nine Noble Virtues" guides ethical behavior and encourages individuals to strive for courage, truth, honor, fidelity, discipline, hospitality, self-reliance, industriousness, and perseverance. These virtues are believed to be important in helping individuals to control their desires and live a fulfilling life. In Vodou, the concept of "lwa" (spirits) is central to the faith, and it is believed that the lwa can be called upon to help individuals with their desires. However, it is also believed that one should be careful in what they wish for, as the lwa may grant desires in unexpected ways. In Kemetic Orthodoxy, the concept of "ma'at" refers to balance, harmony, and justice. It is believed that living in accordance with ma'at can help individuals to control their desires and act in a way that is ethical and beneficial to others. In many different polytheistic religions believe that it is important to control our desires and make sure they are good and helpful, rather than harmful or selfish. To lead a fulfilling and meaningful life, it is crucial to exercise self-regulation and ensure that our actions align with ethical and pro-social values, rather than succumb to self-serving or detrimental desires. This not only benefits ourselves, but also promotes the well-being of those around us. To achieve this balance, it may be necessary to adopt virtues such as compassion and non-attachment, which can aid in finding contentment and happiness. Failing to control and direct our desires in a positive manner can lead to negative consequences for both the individual and society as a whole. One way to ensure that our actions align with pro-social values is to follow the Golden Rule, a widely recognized ethical principle that encourages individuals to treat others with kindness and respect. By doing so, we can create positive relationships and contribute to a better society for everyone. Acting Out on Desire I believe that everyone has at time been tempted or overcome by strong Hedonic Motivation (Appetites, Cravings, Desires, Wants) to indulge in excessive pleasure. I sometimes act impulsively on the recommendations of others. Watching people experiencing a particular pleasure can cause a certain amount of curiosity to discover what makes the feeling so special. We can be influenced by the delightful stimuli in our environment to produce an hedonic reward in our neural coding that affects our conscious behavior and emotion to seek that particular object of experience for ourselves. Hedonic hotspots (brain sites) within our limbic (emotion and expression) circuitry are thought to generate our desire for pleasure rewards. Getting pleasurable sensations is considered the essential intrinsic value of an instrumental (learned) behavior action performed to reach a particular desired outcome. Hedonic Motivation can trigger actions that have previously yielded immediate pleasure and and temporary emotional happiness. Often, people are unaware that extreme Hedonic Motivation is problematic or can have negative consequences. In the aftermath of a temporary pleasure, you become more prone to magnifying your desire to seek immediate fulfillment again. Indulging in excessive pleasure unknowingly strengthens a craving to the point where one becomes enslaved (addicted) to pleasures regardless of the consequences. It can also become more difficult to experience the satisfaction originally experienced. One can be so involved in the want of having a desire being fulfilled that nothing else seems to matter. Extreme Hedonic Motivation has the power to develop a mental bias towards short-term pleasure maximizing goals and away from judging the merits of pursuing long term well-being. The failure to act on a hedonic craving may result in anxiety and strengthen impulsive behavior even more to seek immediate gratification. The impulsive pursuit of a particular pleasure may interfere with the actual conscious experience of gratification once remembered. Extreme pleasure can cause your body to adapt tolerance to a particular stimuli. When Hedonic Motivation consumes too much time, you and others may eventually regard the behavior disdainfully. This impulsive error of thinking leads to a systematic path of confusion and regret. Reflection of one's own conscious thoughts and feelings become more weakened as the disorder progresses. It is important to stop facilitating impulsive behavior so conscious reality does not become clouded with insatiable desire. Before you lose the power of choice try to disengage from the desire of a pleasure and stop abruptly. Take a deep breath and focus on your body sensations that are driving this impulsive behavior. Is it worth spending time, money, and energy to satisfy your desire for pleasure? At some point it is wise to restrain our physical desires to not override our personal ethics or moral values. Science and wisdom can be used to understand a particular action if one chooses to accept them. There are also Individuals that are motivated to delay and deny immediate and momentary pleasure. The motivation to suffer is usually done to accomplish a goal or achieve a reward in the pursuit of physical gain, enlightenment, empowerment, redemption, salvation or transcendence. One goal may be to set emotional attachment boundaries to make better decisions and adapt within situational environments that may be beyond normal comfort zones. The reward would be the gratification (positive psychological change) experienced as a result of getting past physical and mental stress (struggles) of painful life experiences. Positive transformation is the result of committing to a lifelong process psychological detachment from the constant influence of peer pressure and the strong memories particular pleasures that led to impulsive Hedonic motivations you once felt. Both good and bad habits can come from desire. In both cases, the desire serves as the initial motivation for the behavior, and the habit is the result of consistently acting on that desire over time. While a good habit is a behavior with positive consequences, such as improving physical or mental health or strengthening relationships, a bad habit is a behavior with negative consequences, such as detrimental effects on health or harmful impacts on relationships or society. It is therefore crucial to be mindful of the desires that drive our behaviors and to consider the potential consequences of acting on them. By actively choosing to pursue desires that align with our values and goals, we can work towards developing good habits and avoiding the formation of bad habits. Addiction can often develop from habits over time. The development of an addiction typically follows a series of stages, beginning with initiation, in which the individual first starts engaging in a behavior or using a substance. This may be driven by a desire to cope with stress or negative emotions, or to seek pleasure or relief. In the escalation stage, the individual may start to engage in the behavior or use the substance more frequently or in greater amounts, driven by a desire for the pleasurable effects of the behavior or substance or a need to cope with negative emotions or stress. As the addiction progresses, the individual may start to experience negative consequences as a result of their behavior or substance use, such as problems in relationships or at work, or physical or mental health issues. Despite these negative consequences, the individual may continue to engage in the behavior or use the substance because they have become physically or psychologically dependent on it. At the addiction stage, the individual may have difficulty controlling their behavior or substance use, even in the face of negative consequences, and may experience withdrawal symptoms if they try to stop. It is worth noting that not all habits lead to addiction, and the development of an addiction is a complex process that can be influenced by a variety of factors. While some habits may have the potential to become addictive, the development of an addiction is not inevitable, and it may depend on other factors such as genetics, environment, and personal characteristics. Genetics can play a role in the development of addiction, as certain genetic predispositions can increase an individual's risk of developing an addiction. For example, research has shown that certain genetic factors can influence an individual's sensitivity to certain substances, their ability to metabolize drugs, and their risk of developing addiction. Environment can also be a factor in the development of addiction, as certain environmental influences, such as exposure to drugs or alcohol at an early age, can increase an individual's risk of developing an addiction. Additionally, social and cultural influences, such as the availability of drugs or the cultural acceptance of substance use, can also play a role in the development of addiction. Personal characteristics, such as an individual's personality, coping skills, and mental health, can also influence the development of addiction. For example, individuals who have difficulty coping with stress or negative emotions may be more likely to turn to substance use as a means of coping, which can increase their risk of developing an addiction. Forming good habits can be an effective way to control addiction by providing a healthy and positive alternative to the addictive behavior or substance, strengthening self-control and discipline, and improving overall well-being and quality of life. By focusing on developing good habits, individuals can work towards overcoming addiction and improving their overall well-being and happiness. Discipline is an important aspect of this process, as it involves setting clear goals, making a plan, and consistently practicing the desired behavior or action until it becomes a natural part of one's routine. Repetition is also key, as it involves consistently practicing a specific behavior or action in order to practice and refine it. Good habits are formed through repetition, so by consistently practicing a desired behavior or action over time, individuals can develop good habits that promote well-being and happiness. In addition to discipline and repetition, relationships can also play a helpful role in forming good habits. Having a supportive network of friends, family, or mentors can provide encouragement, accountability, and motivation to help individuals stick to their goals and develop good habits. These relationships can provide a sense of community and belonging, and can offer guidance, advice, and feedback that can help individuals stay on track and make positive changes in their lives. Additionally, seeking the guidance and support of instructors, teachers, or other sages can provide valuable insights, knowledge, and skills that can help build healthy habits and improve their overall well-being and happiness. The Dynamics of Happiness "Son, there are many paths to happiness. But I will share from my experience the shortest path for you." Through the guidance of my father, I learned that different people have various, unique activities, experiences, or circumstances that bring them joy and satisfaction. While my father always encouraged me to hold on to my ideals and to strive for a meaningful and fulfilling life, he also cautioned me that my idealistic approach to life, influenced by my Byzantine Catholic faith, could sometimes be a liability in a material world that is driven by wealth and power. He urged me to be mindful of this and to find a balance between my ideals and the practicalities of life. There are many different types of happiness that people may experience, ranging from fleeting feelings of pleasure to deep and intense joy. One common type of happiness is pleasure, which is often associated with physical sensations or activities such as eating your favorite food or engaging in a favorite hobby. Another type of happiness is contentment, which is a feeling of satisfaction and fulfillment that comes from having your basic needs met and feeling satisfied with your life in general. Joy is a deeper and more intense feeling of happiness that is often accompanied by feelings of excitement and enthusiasm, while bliss is a feeling of complete and total contentment and happiness, often described as a state of being "at one" with the world. Gratitude is another type of happiness that involves feeling appreciation and thankfulness for the good things in your life. It's important to note that happiness is subjective, and what brings happiness to one person may not bring happiness to another, and people may experience different types of happiness at different times in their lives. Happiness is not dependent on eliminating negative emotions such as pain or discomfort. In fact, it is often through facing and dealing with negative emotions and challenges that we are able to grow and develop as individuals. The ability to experience pleasure and happiness in the midst of negative emotions or challenges can be a sign of emotional resilience and strength. This means that we are able to bounce back from difficult experiences and find joy and happiness in our lives despite the challenges we may be facing. Emotional resilience allows us to maintain a positive outlook and find happiness in the midst of adversity. It is an important quality to develop, as it helps us to navigate through life's ups and downs and find meaning and purpose in our lives. So while it may not be possible to eliminate negative emotions entirely, it is possible to find happiness and contentment in the midst of them, and this can be a sign of emotional strength and resilience. It is natural for human beings to desire happiness, and the pursuit of happiness is often considered a fundamental aspect of the human experience. While the desire to find happiness may not be directly linked to survival in the same way that the desire for food, shelter, and safety are, happiness can still play an important role in our overall well-being and quality of life. Research has shown that people who experience higher levels of happiness tend to be healthier, more productive, and more successful in their personal and professional lives. Additionally, the pursuit of happiness can be a motivating factor that helps us to set goals, work hard, and overcome challenges in order to achieve our dreams and aspirations. So while the desire to find happiness may not be crucial to survival in the same way that other basic needs are, it is an important aspect of human life that can contribute to our overall well-being and quality of life. Happiness is a complex and multifaceted concept that is understood and experienced differently by different individuals. While it is often equated with positive emotions and a sense of well-being and flourishing, the specific factors that contribute to happiness can vary significantly based on an individual's culture, upbringing, personality, and circumstances. In psychology, there are several different theories that attempt to explain the nature of happiness and how it is experienced. For example, the Hedonic (Sensual) perspective focuses on the role of pleasure and enjoyment in happiness, while the Eudaimonia (Fulfilling) perspective emphasizes the importance of personal growth and fulfillment in achieving happiness. It is important to recognize that happiness is a subjective experience, and what brings happiness to one person may not bring happiness to another. Additionally, happiness is not a constant state, and it is normal to experience ups and downs in happiness over time. Despite these variations, it is possible to cultivate happiness by engaging in activities and practices that bring joy and fulfillment, such as practicing gratitude, exercising, engaging in hobbies and activities that you enjoy, and building strong relationships with others. Hedonic Happiness Hedonic happiness, or a general sense of happiness or contentment derived from pleasurable experiences or activities, can be an important source of fulfillment and satisfaction in life, a source of motivation and inspiration, and an important aspect of building and maintaining healthy relationships. Engaging in activities or experiencing events that bring pleasure or joy can contribute to a sense of well-being and happiness, and can help to balance out the stresses and challenges of everyday life. When we are engaged in activities or experiences that bring us pleasure, we may be more motivated to pursue them and to work towards achieving our goals, increasing productivity and drive and contributing to a sense of purpose and meaning in life. Sharing pleasurable experiences or activities with others can also help to strengthen bonds and create meaningful connections, and can contribute to a sense of social support and community. Therefore, while hedonic happiness is not the only source of fulfillment or well-being, it can certainly be an important and valuable aspect of life. Tantra Tantra is a spiritual and philosophical tradition that originated in India and has roots in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. It is a multifaceted tradition that encompasses a wide range of practices and teachings, including yoga, meditation, rituals, and sexual practices. In the context of tantra, hedonic refers to pleasure and enjoyment, while eudaimonic refers to a sense of meaning and purpose. The goal of tantra is often described as the attainment of spiritual liberation and union with the divine, which could be considered a eudaimonic goal. However, tantra also includes practices that focus on the cultivation of physical pleasure and enjoyment, such as certain sexual practices, which could be considered hedonic. Therefore, it could be said that tantra includes both hedonic and eudaimonic elements. However, the specific focus and emphasis of individual tantric practices and teachings may vary, and it is important to understand the specific context and goals of each practice. I have been personally taught that Indian principles of Tantra is a spiritual tradition that emphasizes the exploration of one's own and one's partner's consciousness and the cultivation of energy through the use of sensual touch, breath, and other techniques. Some people may find that practicing tantric sex can bring a sense of well-being, connection, and fulfillment, which could potentially contribute to eudaimonic happiness. These practices and philosophies are based on the belief that the universe is interconnected and that individuals can achieve enlightenment or spiritual liberation through the attainment of certain spiritual states or the realization of certain spiritual truths. Tantra practices often involve the use of ritual, meditation, and yoga, as well as the use of sensory experiences, such as music, art, and sexual practices, to facilitate spiritual growth and transformation. Euphoric Hedonia Euphoric happiness and hedonic happiness are both types of pleasure and enjoyment that can bring feelings of satisfaction and contentment. Euphoric happiness is a type of intense happiness or well-being that is characterized by feelings of joy, excitement, and contentment. It is often described as a "high" or "rush," and may be accompanied by physical sensations such as a racing heart or a feeling of warmth. Euphoric happiness is often associated with positive events or experiences, such as falling in love, achieving a goal, or experiencing a sense of accomplishment. Hedonic happiness, on the other hand, refers to pleasure and enjoyment that is often related to sensory experiences, such as taste, touch, and smell. It may be linked to activities such as eating, exercising, or engaging in hobbies or leisure activities. While both euphoric happiness and hedonic happiness involve feelings of pleasure and enjoyment, they may be experienced in different ways and may be associated with different types of activities or experiences. It is possible that the pursuit of hedonic happiness could be at odds with Eudaimonic happiness. This is because hedonic happiness is focused on the pursuit of pleasure and the satisfaction of one's desires, while spiritual happiness often involves pursuing a sense of purpose, meaning, and fulfillment that goes beyond the pleasure of the moment. many spiritual traditions and faiths recognize the struggle between the desires of the flesh and the desires of the spirit and encourage individuals to seek a balance between these two aspects of themselves in order to live a fulfilling and meaningful life. This may involve cultivating detachment from the ego or desires of the flesh, seeking union with a higher power or the soul, or achieving balance between opposing forces. These practices are often aimed at helping individuals to overcome suffering, achieve enlightenment, or live in accordance with their spiritual values. Hedonism Like Tantra and hedonic happiness, Hedonism also involve the pursuit of pleasure. But, the difference is Hedonism is the pursuit of pleasure as an end in itself, while Tantra and hedonic happiness is looks at pleasure as one aspect of well being. Like Tantra and hedonic happiness, hedonism also involves the pursuit of pleasure. However, the main difference is that hedonism sees pleasure as the ultimate end in itself, while Tantra and hedonic happiness view pleasure as just one aspect of well-being. According to hedonism, pleasure is the most important intrinsic good and the pursuit of pleasure is the primary motivation for all human action. This perspective acknowledges that pleasure and happiness are central to human well-being and fulfillment, and that the pursuit of pleasure can bring meaning and purpose to life. Hedonist believe the key to achieving happiness and well-being is to maximize pleasure and minimize suffering. This can provide a clear and concise set of principles to guide one's actions and decision-making, making it easier to navigate the complexities of life. hedonism can be seen as a more realistic and pragmatic philosophy than some other philosophical perspectives that advocate for more abstract or intangible goals. While other philosophical theories may focus on ideals such as virtue or wisdom, hedonism recognizes that pleasure and happiness are tangible and concrete goods that are directly experienced by individuals. This can make hedonism more relatable and accessible to people in their everyday lives. Euphoric hedonism is a specific form of hedonism that focuses on the pursuit of intense pleasure and excitement, often through activities or substances that produce a feeling of euphoria, or intense happiness and pleasure. This can include the use of drugs or other substances, or engaging in activities that produce a rush of adrenaline or other pleasurable sensations. Euphoric hedonism is often associated with a focus on immediate pleasure and enjoyment, without regard for long-term consequences or well-being. Eudaimonic Happiness Eudaimonic well-being, or living a fulfilling and happy life, is a concept that is common to many belief systems, including non-theistic, monotheistic, and polytheistic traditions. All of these belief systems view eudaimonic well-being as being closely connected to one's values, beliefs, and actions, and as something that can be cultivated and maintained over time. In Buddhism, eudaimonic well-being is seen as a byproduct of living a virtuous and ethical life and practicing mindfulness and compassion. Eudaimonic Taoism practitioners may focus on cultivating inner peace and balance, and on living in accordance with the principles of Taoism, such as humility, compassion, and simplicity. In monotheistic belief systems like Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, eudaimonic well-being is often seen as being related to one's relationship with God and their adherence to spiritual practices and ethical principles such as truth and righteousness. In Hinduism, eudaimonic well-being is often seen as being closely connected to the individual's dharma, or the path of righteousness and duty specific to their role and station in life. African, Australian, Mongolian, American, and Shinto tribal belief systems may also view eudaimonic well-being as being closely connected to the values and traditions of the community and to the individual's place within it. Wiccans, Asatru practitioners, and Heathenry practitioners may also incorporate elements of eudaimonia into their spiritual practices by focusing on personal growth and self-improvement and striving to live a meaningful and fulfilling life in harmony with nature and the divine. This may involve incorporating elements of modern psychology and self-improvement techniques into their spiritual practices, as well as living in accordance with their ancestral traditions and cultural values. Overall, these belief systems offer a way for individuals to cultivate a sense of meaning and purpose in life that has the potential to bring lasting happiness and fulfillment. Eudaimonic well-being, or the pursuit of a fulfilling and happy life, is closely connected to virtuous behavior. This includes living in accordance with one's values and beliefs, acting with compassion and kindness towards others, and avoiding actions that cause harm or suffering. On the other hand, actions motivated by selfishness, greed, or a desire to cause harm or suffering to others are often seen as opposed to eudaimonic well-being and as associated with evil. To cultivate eudaimonic well-being, it is important to cultivate virtues such as kindness, compassion, and selflessness and avoid actions motivated by negative emotions or a desire to harm others. Overall, eudaimonic well-being involves living a life that is in alignment with one's values and that seeks to bring happiness and fulfillment to oneself and others. Having positive and supportive relationships with others can support eudaimonic well-being by providing a sense of connection, belonging, and support, which can be a source of happiness and well-being in and of itself. These relationships can also provide a sense of meaning and purpose by allowing individuals to contribute to the well-being of others and feel valued and appreciated. Additionally, pleasurable relationships can provide opportunities for personal growth and development. For example, close relationships with others can help individuals learn about themselves, explore new interests and experiences, and challenge themselves to be their best selves. These experiences can contribute to a sense of fulfillment and purpose, leading to eudaimonic happiness. Overall, positive and supportive relationships with others play a significant role in cultivating eudaimonic well-being and living a fulfilling and happy life. Hedonic and Eudaimonic happiness It is well established that both hedonic and eudaimonic happiness can play important roles in an individual's overall sense of well-being and fulfillment. Hedonic happiness, which is based on the pursuit of pleasure and the satisfaction of one's desires and needs, is often experienced in the moment and may not provide long-term fulfillment or meaning. In contrast, eudaimonic happiness is a sense of well-being and fulfillment that comes from leading a meaningful and purposeful life. It can be achieved through the pursuit of goals and experiences that align with an individual's values and interests and contribute to their overall sense of purpose and fulfillment. Pleasurable experiences and relationships can be important sources of both hedonic and eudaimonic happiness. Engaging in enjoyable activities or spending time with loved ones can provide a sense of pleasure and enjoyment in the moment, which can contribute to hedonic happiness, but these experiences can also contribute to eudaimonic happiness if they are meaningful and contribute to an individual's sense of purpose and fulfillment in life. In philosophy, spirituality, and religion the construct of transcendent pleasures in Hedonia depends on a Good Spirit (Eudaimonia) or the desire of obtaining fulfillment in the highest sense of human good. This form of Happiness is a pleasure of compassion found and given by Love to help one another regardless of who they are. Compassion literally means “to suffer together.” Among emotion researchers, it is defined as the feeling that arises when you are confronted with another's suffering and feel motivated to relieve that suffering. All Monotheistic (One God) faiths have a calling to serve not only the people we see in our daily lives, but look for opportunities to help the oppressed, orphaned, widows, and protect the natural rights of all human beings. Buddhist philosophy teaches the more we care for the happiness of others, the greater our own sense of well-being becomes. The widows and orphans of Native American traditions that I have encountered are loved and cared for by the tribe. Prior to European and Asian contact they received a portion of meat and skins. Living in harmony with the tribe, their neighbors, and nature has been their the way of life. I have been fortunate to have the honor to have met individuals that have guided me on how to slow down and enjoy the moment and not focus on anything. My thoughts become clouds that drift away. I vision a clear blue sky lit by a powerful white light. When I am at this state I like to perform a Devotional Chant (Prayer) that furthers gives understanding (enlightenment) of what Happiness is. I honor the pleasant thoughts that reside within myself. I find that staying in a pleasant state of mind causes people to turn up in my life that have a similar belief system as mine. Eudaimonia and faith are two distinct concepts that have been discussed throughout history by philosophers and religious scholars. While eudaimonia is a term used in ancient Greek philosophy to refer to the concept of human flourishing or a state of being in which an individual is able to live a good and virtuous life, faith refers to belief in something that cannot be proven or seen. Eudaimonia is often translated as "happiness" or "flourishing," and is considered to be the ultimate goal of human existence. It is achieved by living a virtuous life, and following the path of moral virtue and wisdom. In ancient Greek philosophy, eudaimonia is seen as the ultimate end towards which human actions aim. Faith, on the other hand, is characterized by belief in something that cannot be proven or seen. It is often associated with religious beliefs and practices, but can also refer to belief in a person, idea, or concept. The terms such as belief, trust, devotion, conviction, credence, piety, reliance, trustworthiness, confidence, and certainty can be used to describe faith. Faith and eudaimonia can be related in the sense that one's faith may contribute to their eudaimonia. For example, a person who has a strong belief in a higher power may find comfort and guidance in their faith, which in turn may lead to a sense of well-being and contentment. However, the two concepts are not mutually exclusive. One can achieve eudaimonia without a strong faith, and one can have faith without achieving eudaimonia. Furthermore, the path to eudaimonia can be different for different people and different cultures, some may find it through faith and some may find it without it. Euphoria Euphoria is a feeling of intense happiness or well-being that is often described as a "high" or "rush." It is characterized by feelings of joy, excitement, and contentment, and can be accompanied by physical sensations such as a racing heart or a feeling of warmth. Euphoria is often associated with positive events or experiences, such as falling in love, achieving a goal, or experiencing a sense of accomplishment. In some cases, euphoria may be accompanied by a flood of emotions, where a person may feel a range of intense emotions all at once. For example, a person may feel overwhelmed by feelings of joy, love, excitement, and gratitude all at once. However, it is important to note that not all experiences of euphoria are accompanied by a flood of emotions, and the specific emotional experience of euphoria may vary from person to person. Meditation Meditation doesn't come easily to me, especially in today's world where there are so many distractions on social media and elsewhere. It can be tough to focus and stay centered. However, I've found that meditation can help me connect with something bigger than myself and find peace in my life journey. It's not always easy, but I've come to see it as a a useful tool for managing mental states and processes by helping to increase awareness, reduce stress, and improve my overall well-being. Meditation is a practice that involves focusing the mind on a specific thought or activity, such as the breath, a mantra, or a visualization, in order to increase awareness, reduce stress, and improve overall well-being. Meditation can be a useful tool for managing mental states and processes because it can help to cultivate mindfulness, which is the practice of paying attention to one's present-moment experience with openness, curiosity, and acceptance. By focusing the mind on a specific object or activity during meditation, it is possible to become more aware of one's own thoughts, feelings, and sensations, and to observe them without judgment. This can help to bring a sense of clarity and perspective to one's mental experience, and to gain insight into the nature of one's own thoughts and emotions. Additionally, meditation can help to cultivate a sense of calm and relaxation, which can be useful for reducing stress and anxiety, and improving overall well-being. It is important to note, however, that meditation is a personal practice and what works for one person may not work for another. It may be helpful to experiment with different types of meditation and to find what works best for you. As an interpersonal relationship evolves, hedonic adaptation allows us to adjust our habits, routines, impulses, and reactions to mutually accepted behavior patterns. The adaptation benefits give opportunity to build greater understanding and fulfillment of our passions and intuitions of our roots to who we are beyond what we see in our reflection. Hedonic motivation begins the moment we seek out a known (remembered) object of our pleasure. Is there a Happiness effect without a physical cause? Can you have a state of mind of being Happy? Or is Happiness just a temporary emotional response from one or more pleasurable feelings that fades in time? Paragraph 6: I believe that our cognitive awareness of happiness is closely connected to several factors, including our need for physical and emotional connection, our values and goals, and our sense of purpose and meaning. The concept of happiness is subjective and can mean different things to different people, and it is possible to find happiness through the pursuit of physical or mental pleasures, or through other means. Overall, pleasure and happiness are important aspects of the human experience, but they do not depend on the elimination of negative emotions. Building Relationships I have found that strong social connections and a sense of belonging can contribute significantly to my overall sense of happiness and well-being. As human beings, we have a fundamental need for connection and belonging, and this is reflected in our innate desire to be held, viewed, heard, and loved. This desire is likely related to our basic need for social support, which is important for our physical and emotional well-being. Building relationships often involves taking the initiative to reach out to individuals who share your interests. It's always nice to meet someone pleasant and engaging, and introducing yourself is a good way to start. I have learned that it is important to be respectful when initiating a conversation, and I try to be open, honest, and mindful of feelings, opinions, and boundaries in all my communications. This includes being patient, listening to others, and considering their perspective, even if I don't necessarily agree with it. I also hope for and appreciate the same mutual courtesy in return. By actively seeking out and connecting with others who share your interests, you can build strong, meaningful relationships in your life. It is evident that our lives can be enriched by having relationships and bonds with different types of people we interact with. When we like someone, we subconsciously assign positive characteristics to them, such as confidence, intelligence, honesty, kindness, and generosity. Our conscious understanding grows exponentially when we reach out and connect with another object or living being outside of ourselves. However, it is important to recognize that negative emotions can also be present in relationships, and it is essential to work through these emotions in a healthy and constructive way in order to maintain the bond and connection with others. Effective communication is crucial for building and maintaining relationships, whether they are personal or professional. I have learned that each person is unique, and what works for one person may not work for another. In order to communicate effectively, I try to clearly express my thoughts and feelings, and I show an interest in the feelings and experiences of others by asking questions and actively listening to or reading their responses. To avoid misunderstandings or confusion, I also make an effort to paraphrase what has been said or agreed upon by restating it in my own words. I like to think that effective communication is like a dance, A back-and-forth exchange of movement and chance. Both require a response to the other's needs, A dancer attuned to their partner's glance. In order to achieve understanding, connection, and the ability to know when to follow or take the lead. When initiating a conversation, I adjust my communication style to match that of the person I am speaking with in order to make the conversation more comfortable and effective. This may involve adapting my tone, language, pace, and body language to align with theirs. I pay attention to nonverbal cues, such as facial expressions, gestures, posture, and eye contact, as well as verbal responses, including tone of voice and choice of words, in order to tailor my approach and better meet their needs. For example, if the other person is using expressive nonverbal cues and engaging language, I might respond with a more expressive and open communication style. On the other hand, if they are using more reserved cues and formal language, I might choose a more concise and formal approach If someone shows genuine interest in your life, they may ask about your feelings, experiences, and opinions in order to get to know you better. When trying to get to know someone better, it is important to be respectful, open, and honest in your communication with them. Pay attention to how the person behaves in different situations. Do they have similar values and behaviors to yours, or do they seem to approach things differently? A potential friend, partner, or love interest might have a different style of expressing themselves or different ways of interacting with others. Gaining a deeper understanding of someone's personality and values can help to strengthen the connection and build a more meaningful relationship. In the early stages of a relationship, people may experience intense positive emotions, such as excitement and joy. However, over time, these emotions may tend to fade as people get used to the new circumstances and their level of happiness or well-being returns to their baseline. This process of hedonic adaptation can potentially lead to a decline in the intensity of experienced positive emotions. By fostering appreciation and gratitude for the positive aspects of a relationship, people can potentially counteract the negative effects of hedonic adaptation and maintain a sense of happiness and well-being over the long term." Intimacy in a relationship refers to the various levels of closeness with a partner where you feel validated and safe. There different stages where your brain decides what type of relationship you want to pursue. Intimacy with a partner varies from a recreational, aesthetic, intellectual, physical, mental, esoteric, sexual, and spiritual connection. It is possible that partners can share one or all the mentioned intimacies that inspire security, openness, and relaxation. Recreational Intimacy begins when partners find sports, hobbies and interests as a way to connect and bond. It is nice to make friends with people that have similar interests as you. Take every opportunity to share recreational experiences because it is such an easy way to generate and grow the feeling of companionship. Recreational intimacy can also be shared appreciation in physical beauty brought by an object, performance or idea. Discovering mutually enjoyable activities is fun to do together and creates wonderful memories. I personally connect well with individuals that seek the truth and beauty of our gift of life. Each decision we make with our partner can alter both of our entire lives in an instant. In order to survive we need-inappropriate choices to manage our thirst and hunger. And our sex drive is no different. As a bond grows insights may shift attitudes toward sexuality, moral authority, and social liberation. Sex may be considered a domain of pleasure and self-expression that may or may not require a higher purpose beyond immediate temporary gratification. There are also those that practice restrain sexual thoughts in order free ones mind from the bonds of physical matter. Sex produces a deep sense of bonding and spiritual experience. Physical Intimacy begins when there is desire and opportunity to explore the pleasures of physical contact (touching, hugging, kissing, cuddling and sex) with your partner. Pleasurable stimulation of of the body can generate a physical response, such as relaxation, arousal, masturbation, sexual intercourse and orgasm. Good connected partners share their experience with favorite pleasure stimulation switches that induce a stronger desire and erotic energy for physical intimacy. A partner may enjoy having a tense neck rubbed, ears fondled, or skin lightly scratched that stimulate erogenous nerves and feel good hormones. Sustained rhythmic, physical stimulation leads to neural entrainment to enhance one's Arousal (Excitement) to pleasurable feelings that outcompetes our self awareness for access to consciousness.

Dear Reader, please note that I may capitalize, adjust font sizes, and colorize words and phrases for better understanding of a particular topic related to this essay. I also liberally use parentheses to further explain the meaning of a particular word or phrase. Introduction "Son, if you look for the good you will find it. If you look for the bad you will find it too." This was the first moral teaching given to me by my father when I was just a boy. I have found focusing on the good has brought me comfort in troubled times. Learning the truth of good and bad starts with life experiences with family (mothers, fathers, brothers, sisters, grandparents, aunts, uncles, guardians etc..) friends, classmates, teachers (pastors, priests, rabbis, professors, gurus, councilors, etc), adversaries, and unknown individuals. Truth can be further shaped with the knowledge gained from media (music, news, talk shows, art) communicated through devices (radio, phone, cinema, books, tablets, etc.) through various platform networks. In this age of coexisting rationalities (reasons) between Spiritual Faith, Natural Selection, Random Chance, or a Combination of ideas it can be difficult Discerning (Inferring, Understanding) the Truth that is part of an Intelligent Design of a Creative Force of Nature outside known understanding that resides within a Collective Consciousness of all People. Is it possible that like Nature, Truth is shaped by the many transformative ideas shared by emotionally spirited individuals throughout Our existence. For me, Happiness connotes being or tending to be in a pleasant state of mind subjectively content with who I have become and my pursuit of being at peace with myself and everything in the world I interact with. A good mental framework will adapt to a world where Nature competes with a digital universe of mixed media for our time memory. In my present time there is an overabundance of media information on social platforms that it makes it quite difficult to just focus on the thought or just one topic if you are not centered. Although, I personally find Living in the Present is something that is not natural for a dreamer like myself. At first, Meditation reminded me of after school detention. I would stare at the clock until my time was up to leave. Instead I preferred the quick prayer for help from a higher power. It is Self Evident that We the People living in this world have been given the gift of perception and a conscious mind to experience this very moment of what I have written is Now connected to what you are reading in the present. My endeavor is to share to the Wisdom I have gained through life experiences to solve present problems and help map a conscious Well-Being framework within ourselves on how to be happy. I hope that this moment of Connection is a beneficial memory of our shared Pursuit of Happiness that endures and influences others to focus on the good in themselves. Like all Earthly Creatures, we homo sapiens learn through sense of connection to our surroundings. It is our Perceived Sensations (Sensuality) within our body that we can recognize and internally predict what actions are necessary to best survive in either a Natural or Imagined (Virtual) experience. It is through our sensual experience that we gain have gained the ability to reason and believe in more than just ourselves. It's how we react (internally process) to every day feelings that gives us a sense of harmony or conflict that generates both short-term and long-term effects of happiness and misery. All species have the ability to learn and adapt based on past experiences, and we often use this knowledge to avoid pain and discomfort and seek out pleasure and gratification. The things we need to survive, such as food, shelter, and companionship, can provide natural rewards and bring us pleasure. We can form connections with both living and non-living objects, and pleasure and happiness are important aspects of the human experience that can influence our decisions and actions. Understanding Desire The concept of desire has been present in many different cultures and societies throughout history. In ancient Greek philosophy, desire (Epithymia) was often seen as a natural part of human psychology and was associated with the pursuit of Pleasure (Hedonia) and the avoidance of the Pain (Algos) of physical or emotional suffering or discomfort. Plato, for example, argued that desire was a fundamental aspect of human nature and that it played a central role in driving human behavior for pleasure or material possessions. Aristotle also believed that desire was a key aspect of human psychology, and he argued that it was an essential part of the process of achieving Happiness (Eudaimonia). Pleasure is a positive emotion that is often associated with feelings of enjoyment, satisfaction, and contentment. People may pursue pleasure in order to find meaning and fulfillment in their lives, and it can be experienced through physical comforts such as food, water, and sex, as well as through mental pleasures such as artistic or philosophical pursuits. However, it is important to note that pleasure is not dependent on eliminating negative emotions like pain or discomfort. While it is true that people often seek to minimize or avoid negative emotions, it is possible to experience pleasure and happiness without necessarily eliminating negative emotions entirely. The concept of happiness is subjective and can mean different things to different people, and it is possible to find happiness through the pursuit of physical or mental pleasures, or through other means. Overall, pleasure and happiness are important aspects of the human experience, but they do not depend on the elimination of negative emotions. Each one of us has a Sense (Cognitive Awareness) of the abstract concept of Happiness. I believe that we all have an innate desire to be held, viewed, heard and loved. Like other sentient organisms we have survival mechanisms to seek out and gratify our biological desires One mechanism is the gift of a time memory, which enables us to reflect, dream, make decisions, and set goals. Hedonic motivation begins the moment we seek out a known (remembered) object of our pleasure. Is there a Happiness effect without a physical cause? Can you have a state of mind of being Happy? Or is Happiness just a temporary emotional response from one or more pleasurable feelings that fades in time? We will explore whether Happiness involves more than just physical pleasures. I learned early on that a true loving relationship can help alleviate suffering and bring Happiness. A good hedonic appetite nourishes our emotional well being and drives us to find positive ways to express ourselves and connect with others we enjoy. The tone and speed of thoughts expressed predict the the emotional response they invoke. Through active communication with other we learn to choose the proper words, gesture and posture to create coherence in conversations and participant involvement. Our sensuality and rhythmic timing creates a nurturing environment through outward expressions of inner feelings and desires. A relationship (pattern of attachment) forms as soon as we feel comfortable to confide our personal thoughts, feelings and intuitions with another being. Our brain adjusts behavior according to the pleasure or pain actions received from interacting with the world around us. It is evident that our lives can be enriched by having relationships and bonds with different types of people we interact with. When we like someone, we subconsciously assign positive characteristics to them, such as confidence, intelligence, honesty, kindness, and generosity. Our conscious understanding grows exponentially when we reach out and connect with another object or living being outside of ourselves. Once a connection to an object is made there is a process of leaving behind our old identity and becoming something new. Depending on how secure an interpersonal or object attachment is, conscious and subconscious interactions can be quite sensual and immersive (deep) for everyone involved. Emotions can have distinct body reactions, expressive movements, and behaviors. It is possible that your response may induce relaxation or tension for your partner. A good partner understands your feelings and wants to help bring you happiness. As an interpersonal relationship evolves, hedonic adaptation allows us to adjust our habits, routines, impulses, and reactions to mutually accepted behavior patterns. The adaptation benefits give opportunity to build greater understanding and fulfillment of our passions and intuitions of our roots to who we are beyond what we see in our reflection. Experience allows us to perceive and empathize with the emotional feelings of others with relative accuracy. When a person, creature, or an object appears happy, aroused, distressed or another perceived emotion, an auditory, visual, or olfactory trigger may stimulate a response of joy, excitement, gratitude, compassion, sympathy, indifference, discomfort, anger or another feelings within ourselves. Every new understanding is a transitional process of leaving behind our old identity, and becoming a more evolved being. Like a caterpillar form our understanding and behavior go through a series of changes, taking on a new shape. In the cocoon, the caterpillar's form Undergoes a series of changes, our understanding and behavior take a new shape. As the metamorphosis completes its shape. And when the transformation is done, Like a butterfly, we break free, Ready to take to the sky and have fun. Building Relationships Building relationships often involves taking the initiative to reach out to individuals who share your interests. It's always nice to meet someone pleasant and engaging, and introducing yourself is a good way to start. I have learned that it is important to be respectful when initiating a conversation, and I try to be open, honest, and mindful of feelings, opinions, and boundaries in all my communications. This includes being patient, listening to others, and considering their perspective, even if I don't necessarily agree with it. I also hope for and appreciate the same mutual courtesy in return. By actively seeking out and connecting with others who share your interests, you can build strong, meaningful relationships in your life. Effective communication is crucial for building and maintaining relationships, whether they are personal or professional. I have learned that each person is unique, and what works for one person may not work for another. In order to communicate effectively, I try to clearly express my thoughts and feelings, and I show an interest in the feelings and experiences of others by asking questions and actively listening to or reading their responses. To avoid misunderstandings or confusion, I also make an effort to paraphrase what has been said or agreed upon by restating it in my own words. I like to think that effective communication is like a dance, A back-and-forth exchange of movement and chance. Both require a response to the other's needs, A dancer attuned to their partner's glance. In order to achieve understanding, connection, and the ability to know when to follow or take the lead. When initiating a conversation, I adjust my communication style to match that of the person I am speaking with in order to make the conversation more comfortable and effective. This may involve adapting my tone, language, pace, and body language to align with theirs. I pay attention to nonverbal cues, such as facial expressions, gestures, posture, and eye contact, as well as verbal responses, including tone of voice and choice of words, in order to tailor my approach and better meet their needs. For example, if the other person is using expressive nonverbal cues and engaging language, I might respond with a more expressive and open communication style. On the other hand, if they are using more reserved cues and formal language, I might choose a more concise and formal approach If someone shows genuine interest in your life, they may ask about your feelings, experiences, and opinions in order to get to know you better. When trying to get to know someone better, it is important to be respectful, open, and honest in your communication with them. Pay attention to how the person behaves in different situations. Do they have similar values and behaviors to yours, or do they seem to approach things differently? A potential friend, partner, or love interest might have a different style of expressing themselves or different ways of interacting with others. Gaining a deeper understanding of someone's personality and values can help to strengthen the connection and build a more meaningful relationship. In the early stages of a relationship, people may experience intense positive emotions, such as excitement and joy. However, over time, these emotions may tend to fade as people get used to the new circumstances and their level of happiness or well-being returns to their baseline. This process of hedonic adaptation can potentially lead to a decline in the intensity of experienced positive emotions. By fostering appreciation and gratitude for the positive aspects of a relationship, people can potentially counteract the negative effects of hedonic adaptation and maintain a sense of happiness and well-being over the long term." Intimacy in a relationship refers to the various levels of closeness with a partner where you feel validated and safe. There different stages where your brain decides what type of relationship you want to pursue. Intimacy with a partner varies from a recreational, aesthetic, intellectual, physical, mental, esoteric, sexual, and spiritual connection. It is possible that partners can share one or all the mentioned intimacies that inspire security, openness, and relaxation. Recreational Intimacy begins when partners find sports, hobbies and interests as a way to connect and bond. It is nice to make friends with people that have similar interests as you. Take every opportunity to share recreational experiences because it is such an easy way to generate and grow the feeling of companionship. Recreational intimacy can also be shared appreciation in physical beauty brought by an object, performance or idea. Discovering mutually enjoyable activities is fun to do together and creates wonderful memories. I personally connect well with individuals that seek the truth and beauty of our gift of life. Each decision we make with our partner can alter both of our entire lives in an instant. In order to survive we need-inappropriate choices to manage our thirst and hunger. And our sex drive is no different. As a bond grows insights may shift attitudes toward sexuality, moral authority, and social liberation. Sex may be considered a domain of pleasure and self-expression that may or may not require a higher purpose beyond immediate temporary gratification. There are also those that practice restrain sexual thoughts in order free ones mind from the bonds of physical matter. Sex produces a deep sense of bonding and spiritual experience. Physical Intimacy begins when there is desire and opportunity to explore the pleasures of physical contact (touching, hugging, kissing, cuddling and sex) with your partner. Pleasurable stimulation of of the body can generate a physical response, such as relaxation, arousal, masturbation, sexual intercourse and orgasm. Good connected partners share their experience with favorite pleasure stimulation switches that induce a stronger desire and erotic energy for physical intimacy. A partner may enjoy having a tense neck rubbed, ears fondled, or skin lightly scratched that stimulate erogenous nerves and feel good hormones. Sustained rhythmic, physical stimulation leads to neural entrainment to enhance one's Arousal (Excitement) to pleasurable feelings that outcompetes our self awareness for access to consciousness. Foreplay is the sexual excitement from erotic touch and stimulation of body's erogenous zone (tongue, nipples, genitals, anus) the mind (conscious) and soul (imagination) before intercourse. As the anticipation for sexual pleasure builds a female vagina produces lubrication and the male penis get erect (hard), engorged (swollen), enlarged and usually stands outward or upward away from the body. Both the female the pea sized female clitoris, just under the pinkish brown fleshy wishbone shaped clitoral hood, and male the frenulum, the area on the underside of the penis just below the pinkish purple acorn shape head have thousands of nerve ending sending signals to the ejaculation center of the spinal cord. When a woman becomes aroused, glands under the hood folds secrete a lubricant that helps erotic objects (fingers, tongue, penis, or device) to glide over the clitoris without friction. Playful licks and light pressure on the clitoris and frenulum will often coax more blood to these areas and cause heightened states of sensitivity and arousal, and pleasure becomes the center of attention. As passions run high, one can engage in adult activity to stimulate their partners and prepare them for intercourse. Many couples swear by the sensual arousal of erotic massages. Not only is it relaxing to have your body massaged, but is also thrilling to have it done by someone you love. The mere act of massaging lubes or oils onto the unclothed skin is enough to let passions take over. In stimulating your partner, take enough care to be gentle. Foreplay is meant to be a passionate game and not a wrestling match. The genitalia are sensitive enough to respond to the slightest touch. It is by alternating speeds and pressure that one can achieve the state of perfect arousal to sustain a fulfilling intercourse. I believe that everyone has at time been tempted or overcome by strong Hedonic Motivation (Appetites, Cravings, Desires, Wants) to indulge in excessive pleasure. I sometimes act impulsively on the recommendations of others. Watching people experiencing a particular pleasure can cause a certain amount of curiosity to discover what makes the feeling so special. We can be influenced by the delightful stimuli in our environment to produce an hedonic reward in our neural coding that affects our conscious behavior and emotion to seek that particular object of experience for ourselves. Hedonic hotspots (brain sites) within our limbic (emotion and expression) circuitry are thought to generate our desire for pleasure rewards. Getting pleasurable sensations is considered the essential intrinsic value of an instrumental (learned) behavior action performed to reach a particular desired outcome. Hedonic Motivation can trigger actions that have previously yielded immediate pleasure and and temporary emotional happiness. Often, people are unaware that extreme Hedonic Motivation is problematic or can have negative consequences. In the aftermath of a temporary pleasure, you become more prone to magnifying your desire to seek immediate fulfillment again. Indulging in excessive pleasure unknowingly strengthens a craving to the point where one becomes enslaved (addicted) to pleasures regardless of the consequences. It can also become more difficult to experience the satisfaction originally experienced. One can be so involved in the want of having a desire being fulfilled that nothing else seems to matter. Extreme Hedonic Motivation has the power to develop a mental bias towards short-term pleasure maximizing goals and away from judging the merits of pursuing long term well-being. The failure to act on a hedonic craving may result in anxiety and strengthen impulsive behavior even more to seek immediate gratification. The impulsive pursuit of a particular pleasure may interfere with the actual conscious experience of gratification once remembered. Extreme pleasure can cause your body to adapt tolerance to a particular stimuli. When Hedonic Motivation consumes too much time, you and others may eventually regard the behavior disdainfully. This impulsive error of thinking leads to a systematic path of confusion and regret. Reflection of one's own conscious thoughts and feelings become more weakened as the disorder progresses. It is important to stop facilitating impulsive behavior so conscious reality does not become clouded with insatiable desire. Before you lose the power of choice try to disengage from the desire of a pleasure and stop abruptly. Take a deep breath and focus on your body sensations that are driving this impulsive behavior. Is it worth spending time, money, and energy to satisfy your desire for pleasure? At some point it is wise to restrain our physical desires to not override our personal ethics or moral values. Science and wisdom can be used to understand a particular action if one chooses to accept them. There are also Individuals that are motivated to delay and deny immediate and momentary pleasure. The motivation to suffer is usually done to accomplish a goal or achieve a reward in the pursuit of physical gain, enlightenment, empowerment, redemption, salvation or transcendence. One goal may be to set emotional attachment boundaries to make better decisions and adapt within situational environments that may be beyond normal comfort zones. The reward would be the gratification (positive psychological change) experienced as a result of getting past physical and mental stress (struggles) of painful life experiences. Positive transformation is the result of committing to a lifelong process psychological detachment from the constant influence of peer pressure and the strong memories particular pleasures that led to impulsive Hedonic motivations you once felt. A remarkable change occurs when we switch our physical desire from "I want to be held, heard and loved" to a mental intention of "I want to hold, listen, and love." According to neuroscientists, the hormones Oxytocin and Vasopressin are responsible for interpersonal bonding and attachment to an object. We pay greater attention to objects or people that evoke feelings of empathy, compassion, love, and tenderness. Our Hedonic adaptation begins with words of understanding and encouragement that hopefully will stimulate a positive response. As the connection grows between partners there is a greater dependance on each partner emotionally, physically, financially, and other healthy selfless ways. Actions can often speak louder than words. Sensitivity to a partner's suffering, coupled with a desire to hug, a shared meal, an offer to do a needed task to alleviate their suffering. Expressing a need requires some vulnerability since it signals that you are lacking something or require help from your partner. At the same time, it important for a partner to understand and respect the autonomy and independence of their significant other may need as well. In philosophy, spirituality, and religion the construct of transcendent pleasures in Hedonia depends on a Good Spirit (Eudaimonia) or the desire of obtaining fulfillment in the highest sense of human good. This form of Happiness is a pleasure of compassion found and given by Love to help one another regardless of who they are. Compassion literally means “to suffer together.” Among emotion researchers, it is defined as the feeling that arises when you are confronted with another's suffering and feel motivated to relieve that suffering. All Monotheistic (One God) faiths have a calling to serve not only the people we see in our daily lives, but look for opportunities to help the oppressed, orphaned, widows, and protect the natural rights of all human beings. Buddhist philosophy teaches the more we care for the happiness of others, the greater our own sense of well-being becomes. The widows and orphans of Native American traditions that I have encountered are loved and cared for by the tribe. Prior to European and Asian contact they received a portion of meat and skins. Living in harmony with the tribe, their neighbors, and nature has been their the way of life. I have been fortunate to have the honor to have met individuals that have guided me on how to slow down and enjoy the moment and not focus on anything. My thoughts become clouds that drift away. I vision a clear blue sky lit by a powerful white light. When I am at this state I like to perform a Devotional Chant (Prayer) that furthers gives understanding (enlightenment) of what Happiness is. I honor the pleasant thoughts that reside within myself. I find that staying in a pleasant state of mind causes people to turn up in my life that have a similar belief system as mine. We will access and engage with present and past thinkers who will give greater understanding of my self, your self, and others, and the world we live in through information literacy and science. In my experience creating a Happy healthy mental framework (thought process) of finding meaning with positive and negative emotions through a balance of instruction and shared connections with others. I have chosen to select writings designed to stimulate and strengthen my brain's neuronal pathways as well as create new ones that light the way to finding true happiness. We all have the opportunity to experience a sense of inner peace, if there is a desire (inclination) and patience to recognize the value of it. Constructing a healthy mental framework requires that we identify and then reconstruct the context of Misery (negative memories) by learning how to overcome any negative experience that is uneasy, uncomfortable, unpleasant, and or difficult with understanding. It has taken me a lifetime to accept the discomfort of negative experiences. I have been motivated find solutions to ease problematic memories and that reside within me. One of my main reasons to write this essay began on a cathartic effort to help me process my own personal misery. Everyone has bad days and to function we have to learn how to live our lives. This essay is designed to make your mental framework come alive and diffuse the negative energy of events that cause worry, panic, sadness and bad habits to rise. The first step to changing context is to accept that certain events in life will not go your way. You need to understand yourself as interwoven with the the world outside of you that may at times cause both Joy and Misery. Though meditation (prayer) and education, one can learn to identify and negate destructive reactive behaviors connected with a particular negative memory. Traumatic negative memories and habits may be challenging and take more time overcome depending on the severity of the event or series of events which caused stress, fear, anger, and harm. I personally have been working breaking away the bad habit of repeating the same mistakes again. A habit is a behavior pattern of actions that bring a recognized memory and an associated emotion that is repeated both consciously and subconsciously. We should all want to identify and remove bad habits that bring us Misery and make a concerted (mutual) effort to replace bad habits with good habits that bring us joy. Our understanding of what is a healthy mental framework should be connecting with individuals social and organizational ethical frameworks that compliment a mutual Pursuit of Happiness. In my opinion, Consciousness is relative to our capacity to integrate information we perceive subjectively and objectively to the surroundings around us. Some theorize that a brain creates a reality hallucination that is primarily focused on our survival. There are others that testify to a genuine and distinct spiritual intelligence that communicates the Truth of Life and Who We Are through thoughts we can understand. Regardless, if you believe our Consciousness exists in or outside our physical brain, our True Selves wants to be Happy and in Social Harmony with family and friends. It is Self Evident that our True Selves consist of distinct thoughts and sensations that coexist with a constant changing reality we live in. We are all given personal freedom of Conscious to Believe that the existence of Time, Laws and Declarations are the Design of a Supernatural Creator, a Creative Force of Nature, or a mere ‘Accidental’ Truth. There are those that purpose we are all just Avatars in a Mental Simulation. Some think everything is a mechanism of a Perfect Pattern generated by random chance. Each one of us can evaluate for ourselves what is right and good. But coexisting with others requires communication and respect for different ideas of what is reality. Important life experiences proliferate our memory cells to help stabilize an unique emotional well being. This is similar to data memory in computers. A close analogy would be that Artificial Intelligence is able perceive the environment, engage in decision making of whether to accumulate or discard in moments of time memory. We store, edit, and delete information on our personal computer all the time. Other memory cells get discarded for various reasons. Depending on who you are talking to the True Self, also known as a Subjective Conscious or Soul, gives your physical brain the ability to prioritize attention, make rational choices and take action without being overwhelmed by external stimuli or internal thoughts and feelings. There are times when we all have sudden panic attack where there is a sense or fear of losing control. I have had days where all I was doing was over reacting to emails, texts, phone calls completely dealing with other people’s needs. When get overwhelmed with anxiety and stress I find it healthy to disengage like a bird flying away from a storm. In a safe environment I hunker down and wait for the tempest of hysteria to pass. I choose the analogy of flight of birds, because they are mobile, visible and well-known in the research of stress management. Acute stress response plays an important role in how birds, animals, and humans cope with challenges because elevated corticosterone (CORT) levels can mediate learning and memory consolidation and help to increase their survival prospects. I hope to strip away current bias of belief and unbelief to better formulate what Happiness means by presenting testimony and definitions to you. We will journey past the darkness of ignorance of mere opinion or guess work across disciplines of knowledge to assess justified reasons for spiritual illumination known as True Belief. We will search through the Ages for Wisdom of Theologians, Rabbis, Professors, Philosophers, and sacred text, oral testimony that our existence is nurtured by Transcendence, Enlightenment, Grace, and Desire of Human Beings to share stories. Take a minute and focus on the word HAPPINESS. Now put a smile on your face and meditate on nothing, but what you believe HAPPINESS to be. Do this as long as you feel that it is comfortable. Now close your eyes and focus on Happiness. Take a break from reading and connect with a loved one or friend that is easy to talk to. I will leave the light on for you. Welcome back. Do you have a better idea on what Happiness is? In approximately one-twentieth of a second the words you have been are attentively reading are being experienced and internally processed while other thought streams (trains of thought) are simultaneously processing stimuli you have chosen to see and perceive. Many time memory cells make a home in your mind through a sensory register process (sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch). Time memory cells can connect with similar cells to proliferate (multiply) a dramatic experience through a concept of time. When I explained to my son how the brain processes information, he used the analogy of how telling a story will change over a period of time. The experience may become more dramatic and in context with today to bring audience focus into the story. For me the phrase, "I will leave the light on for you" has a nostalgic tie to when I was young, and my parents would leave the front porch light on when I came home late at night. That episodic memory still puts a smile on my face and like many Americans connected with the advertisement slogans like the nostalgic Motel 6, "We will leave the light on for you." Our ability to recall episodes shows and advertisement slogans have purpose. Episodic memories are formed by physical, internal contained information, and behavioral changes that our regulated by a 24-hour circadian rhythm cycle (body clock). These natural rhythm processes respond primarily to our light/dark, sleep/awake process, and also cell oscillations manifesting as marked changes in memory acquisition and recall of previously encoded events and connected emotions that are stored in the brain. When my son and I see an oval inflated football it brings a smile to our faces. My son and I both enjoy American Football. Luke Jr. is currently experiencing playing the sport for his High School. We both enjoy watching the game live or on television. For me it brings back those happy episodic memories of playing with my friends in my earlier years and celebrating the times when the teams I have rooted for won the game. My son and I enjoy football movies or television series because we emotionally connect to the characters. guy Rudy is one of my favorites. It’s the classic story of an underdog Daniel (Rudy) Ruettiger and his lifelong dream of playing for the University of Notre Dame but lacks the good grades for a scholarship or money to pay for tuition. Coming from a working-class family I can relate to the story's premise. Recreating the context that brought you Happiness will improve your memory performance of the associated emotion. Observing my parents, I learned early on the joy of having someone give support and guidance with life decisions. My parents only incentive was to see me happy and healthy. Their only reward was to see a smile on my face and gratitude for guidance. An example, would be the context for the happy memory "I will leave the light on for you." becomes incorporated with the associations and thus the path of retrieval, facilitating recall of other happy memories that had a similar context, which includes marketing slogans. Watching people helping others in need makes me happy. The associative memory cells (neurons) of watching people helping others triggers an emotional response of happiness that gets strengthened through a process called consolidation. In this process the labile state (Short Term Memory) of your experience is transformed into a more stable state (Long Term Memory) effect during deep sleep and meditation. Try not to immediately engage in attention-demanding tasks after learning. This impairs the consolidation of previously learned information. The memory of Happiness becomes a gift to our conscious that is not easily forgotten. At this moment I want you to recall that fond memory of someone helping you and associate it with the concept that LOVE BRINGS HAPPINESS THROUGH THE SUPPORT AND GUIDANCE OF OTHERS. Take a minute. And focus on the word CONNECTION. Now put a smile on your face and meditate on nothing, but what you believe CONNECTION to be. Do this as long as you feel that it is comfortable. Now close your eyes and focus on Connection that brings Happiness. Take a break from reading and share happy thoughts with a loved one or friend that is easy to talk to. Welcome back. Do you have a better idea on what Connection is? For Humanist, Love can be a Radiant (Aura) of Connection (Mutual Memory) experienced according to the dictates of individual conscious. "We are family. Get up everybody and sing." This timeless song by Sister Sledge shares an amazing message for parents and siblings connecting together in one Spirit of love and faith in each other. Take a minute. And focus on the word SPIRIT and do nothing, but breath. Now put a smile on your face and meditate on nothing, but what you believe SPIRIT to be. Do this as long as you feel that it is comfortable. Now close your eyes and focus on Connecting with a Universal Spirit that brings you Happiness. Take a break from reading and connect with a loved one or friend that is easy to talk to. Welcome back. Do you have a better idea on what Universal Spirit is? "We have Spirit, yes we do, we've got Spirit, how about you?" In Sports competition, the home-team advantage stems from a supportive home crowd that is connected to players. Spirit is defined as a collective belief in an animating force (pervading truth) of principles that keep our nation alive and unchanged in an evolving future. One of our Countries Founding Framers, Patrick Henry understood the American Spirit to be a Devotion (Patriotism) to the cause of rational regulated Liberty (Freedom) through Constitutional Rights where any defects can be amended by the motions made by elected representation on citizens behalf. The American Spirit has been tested in times of war, natural disaster, and peace. The Debates in the Convention of the Commonwealth of Virginia, On the Adoption of the Federal Constitution In Convention, Richmond, Patrick Henry - Thursday June 5, 1788 The American Spirit is defined as a collective belief in an animating force (pervading truth) of principles that keep our nation alive and unchanged in an evolving future. Many people like myself believe Love to be an invisible power connection with the Creator (God, Great Architect, Holy Spirit) of everything we perceive. It is my opinion, that is possible to bridge a connection between Humanist (Materialist) and Theist (Spiritualist) through a broad definition of the Universal Spirit of Love, meaning being in the presence and connecting with one Divine Conscious or many kindred Spirits (soul mates, manifestations) that share the same belief, cause, and/or ideal. The wisdom of the Universal Spirit gives our heads (rational actions) and hearts (emotional actions) a way of becoming free (no attachment) of Misery (guilt, shame, persecution, torment, trauma). It is through the teachings of the Spirit of Love can undo and vanquish the bad actions associated with Misery. Representatives of the Thirteen original colonies wrote that through sheer will and power the our Great Universal Spirit (Creator) endowed humanity with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness as defined in the Declaration of Independence. I ask you the reader to temporarily suspend your preconception or disbelief on whether or not a Creative Force of Nature exists or how a Faith teaching can give understanding on how the choice of our actions can lead to Life of Happiness or Misery until Death. To understand my reasoning on the topic of LOVE it is important to that I give you the reader background on the concepts of truth, virtue and the opportunity for happiness. I will be introducing and organizing relevant subject material (data) that establishes a frame of reference relating to systematic chains of thought that accurately explain the noumenon (concept) known as Virtue (Good Conduct) and how it relates to Love. It is my intention to guide you to the benefit of building strong character traits of respect and love for others without being to verbose, which might be not possible. In humility, I hope my essay to be an addendum to Jefferson's "The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth" (also known as the Jefferson Bible) and George Washington's "Rules of Civility & Decent Behavior" to best present the moral truth found in the Didache of the 12 Apostles and other works of Wisdom. In hope of sharing my personal Happiness, I claim the right to poetic license and layout design when it comes to the Emphasis of my thoughts and feelings in defining this idea. I will cite all my work with hyper text links to support a maxim (theory). Like Washington's Rules of Civility & Decent Behavior it is my first premise that there is a fraternal order of a true beliefs and customs that are self-evident (obvious, eternal) to finding Happiness and virtuous people of good character. We can understand the fragility of life to be self-evident. But, understanding a worthy purpose and value is unclear for many. And we must must be on guard to discern those individuals and media that attempt to dissuade us from the pursuit of true Happiness. The focus this study on discovering Happiness is searching for true wisdom instruction on how to obtain it. To get started on this endeavor; We must commit ourselves to NOT dishonor every gift of Wisdom that we accept as Truth. And knowing the Wisdom of Happiness is different from actually living it. Once good advise has been found, I have tried to honor this achievement in gratitude by inspiring others to discover and share its Usefulness and practice it in daily life. Teachers in fields in education can appreciate the benefit of positive reinforcement. An honest Social Engineer (Constitutional Framer, Lawyer) would see the benefits of a mentally happy community (society) that share the same understanding values. Those of faith would discern this as a method to reinforce the Dynamic (Generation) of Goodwill (Honor). I believe it is self evident that there is no downside to staying upbeat with positive thinking. In this essay we will explore the mechanisms to create positive neuroplasticity (physical change to the brain) and socioplasticity (cultural change to a society) that should be studied for its benefits to the happiness of our human condition. In addition, we will look at the ability to adaptively change the expression of our social behavior (cognitive mechanisms) according to experience we have in understanding the beliefs and intentions of others. This can be done by identifying social constructs of conduct that have been created and accepted by people throughout history. In the Age of Enlightenment the United States Declaration of Independence “the pursuit of happiness” was understood to be both a public duty and a private right by which society is governed through principles of law. I am using President Thomas Jefferson's syllabus method used in his book "The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth" as a starting point to best present the historical evolution of good and bad conduct. Jefferson's book was made made by cutting out gospel wisdom passages of the New Testament (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) and arranging them on the pages of a blank book, in a certain order of time or subject that he thought best to present the philosophical teachings of Jesus without the supernatural attention to showcase a well reasoned path to happiness in the world we live in and the hereafter. Thomas Jefferson to Charles Thomson, 9 January 1816 President John Adams understood the magnitude of Jefferson's work to be separating Jesus from the Divine to Jesus the Philosopher. John Adams to Thomas Jefferson, 14 November 1813 I will follow Jefferson's same syllabus method by adapting the modern technology of copying, cutting, and pasting a reasoned comparison of the Didache's text line by line with my life experiences, media and the Holy Word (Scripture) given by a supernatural Creative Force of Nature that has been witnessed and testified by the Jewish, Christian, and Muslim faiths. In addition, I will include other faiths, philosophy, and natural science in context to critically research a particular social teaching. I have chosen to research based on an outline of the Didache of the 12 Apostles, because the text is honored as the 'first catechism' (articles of faith) of the Christian church. The Didache (dee-da-ke, Greek word for teaching) of the 12 Apostles is a timeless moral compass that identifies selfless positive actions that lead to life and prosperity and negative selfish actions that lead to death and destruction. For nonChristians the Didache is a code of conduct without references to angels, prophecy and miracles. The principles of right living by the golden rule apply to everyone regardless of culture or creed. For those in Behavior Sciences and religious naturalist the Didache is a good window to understanding the evolution of Jewish, Christian, and Islamic social morality. Congruent (in harmony) to the Laws give to the Israelites through Moses, the Didache is an instruction manual that defines how to be righteous (law abiding) Christians. Over time the original Didache was replaced with revised teachings that brought about new catechisms, church schisms, reformations, and the birth of Arianism, Islam, Protestantism, Mormonism and Unitarianism. We will then contrast the Didache's principles of good conduct with British philosopher John Locke social contract theory of civil government that greatly influenced American political thought. My first premise is the path (mechanism) to finding Happiness is to understand, accept and develop a Cognitive Behavior (Conduct) Appetite (Desire) to being Good (Virtuous). I find optimizing Behavior to be similar to understanding the human body by developing a healthy lifestyle. Through repetition one habits will change to clear Vision (Memory, thought) of what past actions and testimonies (teachings) by others brought a true or false Sense (Cognitive Awareness) of Happiness. The first form of repetition you can practice is the wisdom of Hope by sharing the story (memory) how someone helped you find Optimism on your future. It is clear from my experience that people that practice goodwill live longer, happier, healthier lives. My second premise is to understand and distinguish the balance of our desire and memory of Pleasure (Release) and Serenity (Tranquility, Peace) with a clear vision of Virtue in our pursuit of Joy. Throughout this essay I plan to prove that it is Virtue (Honor) that provides us the ability to be aware of a higher form of happiness than a temporary pleasurable moments to our physical Appetites (Cravings). By being Mindful (focusing) on knowledge learned on how to optimize our natural Moral Instinct (Sense, Personality Trait) to love others will bring greater happiness over our Desire (Passion, Inclination, Physical Instinct) of of temporary sensual pleasures. It is also my position that Nature has given our brain the ability to express any form of Virtue or Pleasure( Survival (Necessity) requires. Both forms create a psychological loops, Virtue develops inner regulation of calmness and peace, Pleasure is outer sensory physical release. My third premise that to obtain this Virtue one must learn to develop the ability to discern (reason) what actions (decisions, paths) are deemed good that bring Happiness and the bad actions that bring Misery. It is up each one of us to choose the right path to take and face the outcome of our decision. The achievements and failures we make in life teach us the contrast of Happiness to Misery. For me, Happiness like being comfortably cool floating in clear water with a slight. And Misery is experiencing the agony of sweat boiling from hot stagnant humidity. In time, the repetition of Good (Virtuous) actions that have brought us happiness will develop into automatic habits that are done without intentional thinking. Through practice one can develop a moral sense of Joy by developing a Habit (force of will) doing good (virtuous) actions without the expectation or need to constrain the reward of pleasure. In the Hebrew Scriptures Proverbs 11: 24 One person is generous and yet grows more wealthy, but another withholds more than he should and comes to poverty. To pursue the Truth of Happiness we must aspire to find those unique individuals we universally respect as role models (mentors) and take seriously their wisdom given that leads us away from the darkness of despair to the light of happiness. The function of a good mentor is to evaluate (judge) our mental and emotional wellbeing and to provide explicit and implicit lessons related to development of a conscious controlled balance of maintaining happiness in work and personal life. It is of equal importance to be able to connect our internal understandings of Happiness to the position to a particular role model's moral foundation. 'Practice what you preach!' is common feeling of betrayal when an mentor is caught not following the values that are being taught. We have to remember that even the best of us are only human and stumble from time to time. I know that I have made plenty of mistakes in my life. But, the wisdom that I have learned from flawed mentors like myself has been profound. One lesson I have learned is that Forgiveness (Mercy) is one of the most beautiful acts one can do to obtain happiness. In today's cancel culture forgiveness has become a rarely used function of modern communication. It is my opinion, mercy and a mutual willingness to work together through positive and negative experiences are determining factors on the outcome of finding true joy. The essay will also discuss how to be on guard against individuals that have a negative moral character that ruthlessly pursue their own interests, even when it negatively affects others (or even for the sake of it), while having beliefs that justify these behaviors. Psychologists understand the term 'dark traits' to include negative personality features that are linked to not giving aid to individuals in need. In psychology, the dark quintet comprises the personality traits of egoism, Machiavellianism, narcissism, sadism, spitefulness. People with these traits tend to be callous and manipulative, willing to do or say practically anything to get their way. They have an inflated view of themselves and are often shameless about self-promotion. These individuals are likely to be impulsive and may engage in dangerous behavior—in some cases, even committing crimes—without any regard for how their actions affect others. On my life path to happiness I have had the pleasure and honor of encountering happy mentors that have the ability to dissipate any negative feelings with their welcoming presence and positive influence. Through keen observation these happy individuals have trained (neuro hacked) their minds to consciously Discern (Judge) what is negative and be in harmony with the positive. Through Force of Will (Will Force, Thought Force) they are able to induce (manifest) an aura (good actions, vibrations, energy) love (goodwill) and joy to the environment (people, animals, plants) around them. I have also met persuasive mentors who can confidently look me in the eyes, while asking my interests and what will truly bring happiness (fulfillment) to my life. Through experience I have witnessed the keen ability of these individuals to predict a likely outcome based on my given response. Some predictions by these individual were so powerful that I perceived as true and like grace (magic) that they began to initiate a self-fulfilling prophecy to me in a particular moment of uncertainty. Interacting with these mentors can become a compelling activity for susceptive (vulnerable) people going through life transitions (new job, relocating, ending relationships, children leaving home, medical condition, death). In similar manner I have experienced authoritarian mentors that have the power to dictate and control both the decisions and actions I made in daily life. Through repetitive emotional conditioning a drillmaster (taskmaster, disciplinarian) has an Alpha (Dominant) Will power that totally breaks down individuality and bias experienced living in everyday in mainstream culture. One becomes inculcated (indoctrinate, remolded) to unhesitatingly obey and NOT discuss (question, deviate) from the desired behavior (manner). An authoritarian force of will can cause one to relinquish individual responsibility for actions taken and see behavior to be a consequence of group norms and expectations. At the same time we have to recognize that fear is one of the most basic human emotions programmed into the nervous system and works like an instinct. A good authoritarian mentor teaches you a good framework (form) to confront your worst fears. A bad authoritarian mentor searches for your deepest fears on how to manipulate you and give little actionable advice on how to find happiness. From experience the first trait I look for in a Mentor is one that can remain Calm (Centered) with expressing their feelings and actions. And intentionally cultivates a positive learning environment that supports their method of instruction. Of particular interest is learning essential life skills such as responsible decision making and emotional regulation. Both the mentor and student should share identifiable anxieties honestly, and wholeheartedly encourage seeking of wisdom in order to be able to properly cope with them. The Mentor may not condone certain beliefs or actions the student may have learned in life. But, they need to understand the path they coming from. And one lesson is learning to avoid life mistakes the hard way. As you become familiar with a mentor's idea on how to find Happiness you will be able to better formulate your own method to attain a path to happiness that lies within our individual circumstances. Just like finding a proper mentor you have the right to expect from this written essay the sincerity of my purpose in pursuing happiness and evaluation of the evidence supporting it. It is my endeavor for you the reader to objectively compare my thoughts of happiness and contrast it with the wisdom of others. Understanding happiness can also emanate from produced media (written word, oral tradition, role play, audio podcast, video stream) wisdom and instruction given by wise individuals currently living or no longer dwelling (deceased) on this plane of existence. Finding good instruction on how to truly attain happiness can be a difficult task. The need to convey our feelings and thoughts to each other in the society has been felt from time immemorial. Faced with countless different Authors, how does a truth seeker know what to look at, let alone read? I have found in good books the author's intent (purpose) should be made clear in the introduction. I propose that the truth to happiness is eternal and not relative to the period of time you live in. But, I also do believe that the definition of happiness does evolve and can be subject to the environment that surrounds it. There are many subtle levels of meaning to understand 'What is Reality now and back in past?" Wisdom often is modified, distorted, and scribed into something different from it original meaning. The more accepted eye witnesses accounts to a particular author and the cultural environment around a particular point of time a revelation is revealed the clearer the message will be received. Modern Anthropology uses scientific theory, taxonomy, philosophy, history, and prehistorical evidence to contrast the increasing pace of cultural change of understanding to what is the reality of a particular wisdom writing in your time to that of mine and the past. In writing this essay I have spent many hours researching translations done in the native tongue or source language to get the best representation of ideas expressed in a particular wisdom and its development throughout history. The way that this reality is known is through one's perceptions of it through a nuanced process with respect to revelation expression of any subject or event. We know perceptions based on evidence from one or more of the five senses can derive from a distorted revelation. Van Gogh had a color vision deficiency that was displayed in the contrast of his paintings. Hellen Keller's loss of vision and hearing gave her a different understanding of what is 'inner light' her writing. Moses had a speech impediment so he used his brother's voice to speak with the Israelites. We must then focus on the mind of an author. A young thirteen year old George Washington translated a maxim of conduct from the French book of Manners that one must respect all in Company and Conversation. The Father of the United States taught the Nation that Enlightenment (Understanding) was found through the etiquette of proper manners (behavior). I do my best to follow his advice in all my communication. His decorum of respect for others was followed throughout his life. After explaining this to my 13 year old son Luke, he responded that understanding happiness takes practice doing what you believe to be good. George Washington's Rules of Civility & Decent Behavior It is my hope to give the same Civil (Reasonable) courtesy and respect all the individuals that I mention in this discourse. In my experience Civility leads to rich human conversations, smiles, and laughter. The importance of Respect for others was taught to me early on through televised communication. In the 1970s millions of American parents sat their girls and boys in front of the television to watch Mr. Rogers Neighborhood on Public Broadcasting System (PBS). Fred Rogers was an ordained Presbyterian minister. But, I did not know that when I was a kid. I just remember Mr. Rogers, as a kind gentleman that always wore a warm cardigan sweater and blue sneakers (boat shoes). Mr. Rogers was my first television neighbor who always welcomed me every morning with, "I'm glad we're together again." He taught children like myself to love everyone. Fred Rogers understood the importance of Civility when meeting with other Neighbors, Associates, and any anyone we come in contact with; regardless of race, nationality, religion or other distinctions. The World According to Mister Rogers: Important Things to Remember We are All Neighbors - Page 61 It is my belief that we all have to focus on Righteous individuals like Mr. Rogers that have an instinctive desire to preserve and improve all life. The value of Collective (Sharing) Wisdom from Righteous individuals is enormous; it inspires us; it warns us; it furnishes us with names, facts and scenes from collaborative storehouse of memory. It directs our thoughts, tastes, and accomplishes tasks so intricate that individually we do not have the capacity to obtain. No one can be coerced to search for Happiness. But, through mutual respect and Social Contract (Declaration and Constitution) Society can advocate its Citizens to be healthy and do good in their Independent Pursuit (Liberty) of obtaining the Grace (Gift) of personal Joy. Mr. Rogers did not force me to be mindful of others, rather he gently encouraged me to focus on my Ideal of Happiness and learn to understand its opposite. Fred Rogers masterfully taught me to idealize myself as a special person that had the power to influence the lives of everyone I meet with either happiness or misery. This ideal (fixed purpose) led me to begin visualizing what Happiness and Misery really is. The Pursuit of Happiness In our pursuit for the Truth of happiness I shall begin my essay with a quote from the United States Declaration of Independence adopted by The Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. Behavior Science has taught me that learning comes through observation, imitation, and modelling individuals that appear happy and successful. Every time we learn something new our mirror neuron system (network of neurons located in frontal lobe of brain) becomes active and stores that episodic information, so in the future we can act accordingly. The first advice of of achieving happiness comes from a distinguished American gentleman that exemplified leadership, vision and civil (virtuous) conduct throughout his life. Our nation's first President, George Washington writes a letter to his elderly mother, giving practical advice on what is really important in life. Washington's belief that implicit happiness is not a quantifiable object or equation lost in the world. Rather, America's first President regarded happiness to be found if understood as an internal framework mechanism (attitude) within our conscious that controls the outcome of our thoughts. Any man that can convince and train battle weary soldiers to fight for the ideal of happiness gets a seat in my campfire as guest I value and trust. From George Washington to Mary Ball Washington, 15 February 1787 A Neuroscientist (neurobiologist) at this point may interject and state that Happiness is just an illusion of the mind, due to a flooding of the our brain's limbic reward regions (biocircuitry) with dopamine, a feel good neurotransmitter chemical that causes a decrease in frontal cortex regulation. When when we eat food that we crave or while we have sex our dopamine system is activated, we are more positive, excited and eager to go after goals or rewards, such as food, sex, money, education, professional, family achievements, salvation. A person of faith would look at happiness to be more than just a frontal cortex limitation (illusion) involving higher-order executive functions that maintain; our self-control, emotions, behavioral regulation, awareness, attention, memory, bias, associative learning, which results in a suspension (interception) in judgement (reason) that distorts our perception and future actions within a network of neurons (nerve cells) containing memories that remind us what to seek out and will be rewarded. I believe it is important for us to investigate the various brain states associated with happiness and the components that relate to well-being. And contrast these associations and components of happiness with those of desire. My focus will be group of nerve cells that function as control centers affecting happiness (peace, joy, sated) and desire (motivation, arousal, hunger). Scientist theorize that Happiness as an emotion produced by a interaction between our internal (endogenic) metabolic substances and processes that originate from within the hypothalamus, a peanut sized structure deep inside the brain and external (exogenic) factors of that activate our attentional orienting system. When you experience Joy, happiness floods your body with a wave of endorphins I remember in school as a student my teacher posed the question on which came first, the chicken or the egg? I see a similar case, on which comes first, Happiness or Desire? It is not clear which metaphoric adjective is the cause or effect to these stimuli. Is it Spiritual (Supernatural) or Biochemical perception and response to external (surrounding) world (environment, stimuli)? Or is it a mixture of both? Is our Conscience result of Universal thought manifestations (Spirits) from a Cosmic Creator (Hashem, Allah, God) operating on a dimensional plane outside known Creation? Is the neural activity patterns of our Conscience attention orienting system supernaturally designed (developed, coded)to be intentionally influenced by supernatural manipulation of both space and time affecting our cognitive beliefs, attitudes, behavior involving faith practices, including prayer(meditation, contemplation) and nurtured learning. Science theorizes our conscience to result of a neurochemical identification filtering process that involves not only the evolution of perception through Natural Selection, but through a Bioalgorithm underlying our sociocognitive beliefs, attitudes, or behavior involving intentional and unintentional influence of nature including meditation and nurtured learning. If it is the latter, then we are the product of random chance design that has evolved over time to create an organism with stereotypic burst-firing neurons that involve voluntary (deliberate) and involuntary (unintentional) influence to internal memory, perception, understanding and imagination? If our conscious a result chance of Natural Selection (Biological Determinism) , that our body creates awareness, then awareness is governed by physical laws and sociocognitive learning dies (ceases to exist) along with the body in one final dream. If our consciousness created by a supernatural Spirit, then whether our body is governed physical laws and our consciousness (awareness) experiences death is not clear. Further, I would our Conscious (Mind) is a experiential bridge between our measurable biochemical powered brain perception and our undetectable (unmeasurable) Spirit (soul, light) from an unknown system outside time and space. This experiential bridge has unique design synaptic (brain) thought pattern (configuration) of encoded neurons and synapses memories that are incompatible with biological determinism. The concept of Happiness gives us hope beyond explicit reason. Testimonies of happiness have been shared in wisdom storytelling and spiritual writings (symbology) in cultures since the beginning of recorded time. Through the use of metaphors (symbols) and allegories (parables, tales) our mind can grasp invisible realities (imagination) of the unmeasurable Spirit by association with experiences we have encountered in our physical environment and nurtured learning of reality throughout our lifetime. As our physical and cultural sense grow, our Personal Story (Identity) our Point of View (Frame of Reference) of this world becomes more defined. Monotheists and Polytheists profess (believe) that the Frame of Reference to our physical and Spiritual existence is a result of the Glory and Wonder of the Great Spirit (Creator, God, Hashem, Allah, Brahma). The Conscious Mind of the Creator emanates (radiates) waves of light, energy and sound similar the Sun we see every day. The Creator emanates Thoughts (Angels, Pure Spirits, Constructs, Messengers) manifest themselves throughout our ever expanding Universe. One thought manifestation is known by Christians to be the Spirit of Love. It is believed that the Fruit of the Spirit of Love (Happiness, Joy, Peace, Gentleness, Goodness) is bestowed (Graced) to individuals that Pursuit (Seek, Desire) as a result virtuous deeds to frame their mind to understand and accepting Wisdom (Truth) of this Eternal construct. Galatians 5 Thomas Jefferson believed this it can be quite difficult to see distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior with just one self. Morality is to found by observing our duty to the rules agreed upon by a social contract made with fellow citizens. The imperfection of ego allows one to share false implicit ideas of what is good is a life of self gratification. Self love leads to putting ourselves over our duty to being civil with and at times endanger others. For this reason Jefferson considered that self love should not be defined as being either moral or virtuous. Our late president went further and affirmed that through instruction and discipline one could attain virtue. Jefferson believed the primal emotional pleasure of happiness originates from the realization that that is a natural instinct to love of others. And it is my premise that this love drives our instinct to help others escape the primal emotional pain of misery. But, it is our imperfection of senses that limit our ability to understand this instinct to love with temporary rewarding and pleasurable experiences our brains are wired to seek and enjoy that with excess can impede our pursuit of happiness. Thomas Jefferson to Thomas Law, 13 June 1814 A Social Disposition can be a desirable or undesirable intentional pattern of behavior (character) that can include an intentional stance (belief) and/or action that may impact other individuals or the environment around them for the better or worse. Examples of desirable dispositions; resourcefulness, curiosity, persistence, honesty, empathy, leadership, integrity, and respect. Examples of undesirable dispositions, such as selfishness, impatience, and intolerance. It is my belief that these dispositions are developed through a habit of mind under both by conscious and unconscious suggestions observed from intentional and accidental events. Jefferson wrote to his friend, the principal author of the United States Constitution, James Madison, on his view of proper education playing a key role in safeguarding National Liberty. All Americans should take the time to study the concept of Human Rights and illuminate problems encountered in protecting them. ALL PEOPLE should learn the religious, philosophical and social customs that have evolved and enabled the Framing a Social Contract that is significant to our lives. To James Madison from Thomas Jefferson, 20 December 1787 Before you start reading further, please take the time make yourself comfortable. Relaxation will open your mind to understanding the knowledge being shared to you. Reflect on a cherished memory of people you trust and love. I have many fond memories of vacationing around the country with my parents. One reoccurring memory I have is vacationing at Big Meadows Campground secluded in the rolling hills of Shenandoah National Park. In my memory I am roasting the perfect marshmallow over the glowing coals of our campfire. Dad tells Mom what a good time he was having and how much he loves us. I like to now imagine a new memory of my father camping with the grandchildren he never got to meet during his time here on earth. I can clearly imagine my parents and family ancestors sitting around a campfire with sharing their thoughts of love in a safe bliss of peace. Every time you recall any given moment that brings you happiness, it becomes a catalyst (stimulus) to cause a biochemical synthesis (chemical reaction) that produces extra receptors (signal-receiving neurons) that are stored to the amygdala in a unique emotion long term memory (ELTM). The amygdala is functionally connected to the fusiform face area (FFA) and stimulates a visual episodic long-term memory (VLTM). The amygdala also is connected to the hippocampus and stimulates a unique spatial long term memory (SLTM). Like physical exercise, one must intend to consistently practice thinking about a Happy moment even when it is uncomfortable. Through conditioning neutral and negative stimuli can become connected to that specific long term happy memory (LTHM). I can imagine the Greek Empiricist (Passive Sensualist), Epicurus sitting around our campfire teaching us how to frame our intellect to seek the wisdom of what brings happiness, long life, and good fortune. Their wisdom has taught me to focus on Just (Good, Righteous) social relations. With like minded Good People I have been able to discover further path's to a peace of mind. Some of these good individuals lived at a different point of time, but their words endured the test of time. I now point the torch of wisdom to the Greek Philosopher Epicurus warning one to avoid the unhealthy risks and consequences of engaging with Corrupt (Bad, Wicked) minds in constant unrested conflict. Principal Doctrines, 310 BC – 270 BC Epicurus Epicurus shared good wisdom. We need to guard our conscious against the suggestion of fear, hatred, selfishness, greed, self-depreciation and other negative forces, derived from surrounding ourselves chronically distressed persons or focusing on unfortunate circumstances to be the social norm. We need to train our minds gather accurate Inferences (Conclusions based on evidence and reasoning) from sources that are Just with peace of mind. Let us imagine Aristotle's talks of reason in Lyceum (Peripatetic School, public teaching space outside the city wall of Athens) to the ears of every male citizen taking an active part in the running of the Democratic Athenian government, his method to advance the Western Civilization (Civilized Society, Refined Culture, Advanced Education). Plato's student, Aristotle understood that knowledge of what happiness is comes first through distinguishing and storing the memories of the pains and pleasures that come from our senses every waking moment. Through our memory we are to frame our thoughts to recall and contemplate (meditate) the pleasurable moments to override the painful ones that transpire. Try meditating on the cherished happy memory you choose earlier to relax when you are in pain, stressed, or depressed. Metaphysics , 340 BC Book 1, section 980a Aristotle Aristotle believed virtue (good habits) to be the supporting structure for our internal framework our minds to think above our established visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and tactile pathways to the brain. It is virtue that provides us the ability to be aware of a higher form of happiness than a temporary pleasure moments to our physical appetites (cravings). To obtain this wisdom one must learn to develop the ability to discern (reason) what actions are deemed virtues. In time, the repetition of virtuous actions will develop into automatic habits that are done without intentional thinking. One will gain wisdom (greater understanding) to the benefits and risks of following principles (ideas) that may or may not lead to happiness. A behavior scientist would state this neuronal override is accomplished through Pavlova conditioning of amygdala neutral and negative stimuli can become connected to that specific Long Term Happy Memory (LTHM). The Nicomachean Ethics , 340 BC Book X - Chapter 7 Aristotle In this passage, the Greek philosopher Plato shares the meaning of happiness through conversational exchange between Plato's teacher, Socrates persuading his fellow Athenian, Cleinias to love and share wisdom. It is through this dialogue that Plato frames happiness and good fortune being found through wisdom (knowledge) of the right use of things in life. The Greek philosopher shared his truth to our reality through the Socratic Method (Prose Dialogue) of constructing social exchanges that reason (harmonize) with our independent intellect (mirror neuron system). Euthydemus 380 BC By Plato At this point it is important to do a comparative analysis of Western European thoughts to those a continent away forming different traditions of obtaining happiness. Let us begin in the state Lu (Tengzhou, Shandong Province) just east of the green misted Taihang mountain range, known for its ancient religious worship and schools of Eastern philosophy. Mohist innovation culture, which is the outstanding tradition and important spiritual trait of the Chinese nation the ancients of Chinese mythology, but he criticized the Confucian belief that modern life should be patterned on the ways of the ancients. After all, he pointed out, what we think of as "ancient" was actually innovative in its time, and thus should not be used to hinder present-day innovation Shandong's Mount Tai is the most revered mountain of Taoism and one of the world's sites with the longest history of continuous religious worship. The city of Qufu is the birthplace of Confucius the Hundred Schools of Thought. Mozi (Mo Di, Mo-tze) was a Chinese philosopher who founded the school of Mohism philosophy of logic, rational thought and science. Mozi taught that a Righteous (Superior) Being has a unique ability to frame the mind to sacrifice self-interest and focus on respectful actions of altruism towards others. Superior beings are free from corruption and humble with their fortune. One must respect and love and mourn all that have passed through all stages of life and death. By being mindful (focusing) on knowledge learned on how altruism brings happiness over temporary pleasures. Like Aristole, Mozi aimed at the development of morality and reason. Mozi developed the concept of Universal Love (兼愛; pinyin: jiān ài) arguing that there should be no degree or conditionality in love. Ancient Greeks had at least four different types of love, among which agape was unconditional, spiritual or divine love. in representing the world in their paintings. Moral Relativism to a particular Aristotle provided observational arguments supporting the idea of a spherical Earth, namely that different stars are visible in different locations, travelers going south see southern constellations rise higher above the horizon, and the shadow of Earth on the Moon during a lunar eclipse is round, and spheres cast circular shadows while discs generally do not. Aristotelian physics include the structuring of the cosmos into concentric spheres, with the Earth at the centre (center) and celestial spheres around it. The terrestrial sphere was made of four elements, namely earth, air, fire, and water, subject to change and decay. The celestial spheres were made of a fifth element, an unchangeable aether (ether). Objects made of these elements have natural motions: those of earth and water tend to fall; those of air and fire, to rise. The speed of such motion depends on their weights and the density of the medium. Aristotle argued that a vacuum could not exist as speeds would become infinite. This understanding was accompanied by models of the Universe that depicted the Sun, Moon, stars, and unclothed eye planets circling the spherical Earth, including the noteworthy models of Aristotle (see Aristotelian physics) and Ptolemy. Mozi 470 - 391 BC Book 1 Self-cultivation Mozi was originally a follower of the teachings of Confucius, until he became convinced that Confucianism's dutiful love for the nobles, and the family patriarch, should be replaced with a wider dutiful love and respect for all. Mozi teachings became embraced by the lower classes of society. Mozi Book 4 Universal Love III Confucius is known in China as "Master Kong" (Chinese: Kongzi) a Chinese thinker from Qufu City in the Shandong Province of Eastern China. Confucius is the first professional teacher, writer and scholar of moral education. He believed that human beings were naturally good and that selfish interests could be controlled by adherence to virtue. His influence upon East Asian intellectual and social history is immeasurable. The Analects (Selected Passages) of Confucius recorded by his students. In the Analects of Confucius teaches that outcome is related to one's thoughts and actions. Happiness is having a positive attitude during every moment of your life under any circumstance. Wealth and honors are outside who you are What others say about you is only a guide to how you present yourself. All of these material things fade away. The Analects of Confucius 7. 述而 Shu er - Transmitting - 475 - 221 BC It is said Kunlun became identified with Mount Sumeru (Meru, मेरु), Sineru or Mahāmeru) as the axis mundi in the 5th century. Mount Sumeru is the sacred five-peaked mountain of Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist cosmology and is considered to be the center of all the physical, metaphysical and spiritual universes. On the top of Mt. Meru is the symbolic home of Buddha and the 33 gods. Around Mt. Meru are the four continents in the four directions. Each of the four heavenly kings protect one direction, one continent: Vaishravana (North), Dhritarashtra (East), Virudhaka (South), Virupaksha (West). These four kings represent the first Indian gods incorporated into the Buddhist narrative. The Four Guardian Kings came before Shakyamuni Buddha just after the Buddha achieved enlightenment under the bodhi tree. The four offered, each individually, a black bowl made of sapphire or lapis lazuli to the Buddha. The Buddha accepted the offer and the four bowls miraculously became one bowl. This is the black bowl that is typically seen in the lap of Shakyamuni in painting and sculpture. Although we often speak of "the Buddha," there are many Buddhas with different names, forms that play multiple roles. The word "Buddha" means one who woke up," and in Buddhist doctrine, any such enlightened individual is technically a Buddha. Shakyamuni Buddha is a name given to the historical Buddha, especially in Mahayana Buddhism. So it's nearly always the case that when someone is talking about Shakyamuni, he or she is speaking of the historical figure who was born Prince Siddhartha Gautama, son of King Suddhodana and Queen Maya of the Shakya Clan. In later life, Siddhartha renounced his royal title, became known as Shakyamuni (Sage of the Shakyas). After fighting off Mara, an evil spirit who tempted him with worldly comforts and desires, Siddhartha reached enlightenment, becoming a Buddha (Shakyamuni Budha, Gautama Buddha) at the age of 35 Buddha framed happiness to be found in all beings free of hate or violence. One should have a solid attitude of gladness. Life is a chrysalis (transformation) of existence recorded in many thoughts. Those that are beneficial have a chance to be immutable (unalterable, eternal). But, many thoughts get altered through malice and hate. Shakyamuni Buddha KALAMA SUTTA 563 - 400 BC The Buddha's Charter of Free Inquiry The Four Exalted Dwellings It is a natural desire to want and hope for happiness, long life, and good fortune. Daoist (Taoists) believe emotions and Yi (desires, wishes, intentions, thoughts) are the natural meaning of Xuè (blood) and Qi (Chi, Ki, Gi, Vital Energy, Spirit, Prana, Force). Qi moves through the earth and manifests into an uncountable variation of material forms each with unique conditions. Scientist would define Qi as a type of quantum thermal (kinetic) energy of particles, atoms and molecules. Yang and Qi are believed by Daoism to be the driving forces of biological activities in the human body. Blood is said to be is a denser form of Qi, and more Yin (feminine, nourishing, moistening) in nature. Qi is more Yang (masculine, vital, active, energetic, etheric) in nature. The Shén residing in heart and named Shén and is said to be above others and representing human spirit and in a way the Self. Taoist (Daoist) believe that the universe is a great conduit of Qi that flows through all things. This energy is known as Dan, (Dan Tien, Elixir, Sea of Qi, Cosmic Energy). Like Cosmic Rays, Dan is the force that pervades and nourishes all things in our expanding universe. There is a maxim where Xīn (intention, mind, heart, center, core) goes, Qi follows. At times Qi is attracted to water and gives life to a myriad things. Qi proliferates into the offspring of these new creations. A biologist would define water as a unique medium (substratum) on which living organisms can be made to grow. Shen (Spirit, Mind) implies our consciousness, mental functions, mental health, vitality, and our "presence." We derive our Shen Qi from the Tao, or eternal aspect of the universe and the underlying nature of everything. Shen can be centered (balanced) or uncentered (imbalanced). Daoist believe when someone has centered Shen, they can easily flow with the laws of nature and universal rhythms, and feel plenty of joy. When someone has uncentered Shen, they might experience uncontrollable emotions like sadness, depression, anxiety, or over-thinking. Ancient Chinese people saw the Yellow River (Huang He) as "the Mother River" and a point of convergence (joining) the essences of Qi and Shen (Divine or Inner Human Spirit, life, oneself) that produce Jing (vitality, fertility, DNA). The Yellow River originates from Bayan Har Mountains, a southern branch of the Kunlun Mountains, in the Qinghai province of Western China. It is said that this region is the Axis Mundi (navel, center of the world, cosmic axis) connection between Heaven and Earth" or the "higher and lower realms. In ancient times, it was believed that the Yellow River flowed from Heaven as a continuation of the Milky Way. The Kunlun Mountains are said to be the dwelling place of the gods, fabled plants and mythical creatures. It is in these Mountains that have long been seen as the origin of the Chinese civilization. The name China means Middle Nation" (中国 pinyin, Zhōngguó) is often interpreted as an expression of an ancient perception that the Chinese polity (or group of polities) occupied the center of the world, with other lands lying in various directions relative to it. The ancient Chinese saw Kunlun as a microcosm of order because it was known and settled. Taoist belief, the sacred landscape of Kunlun is also considered to be a medium through which people communicate with the immortals and the primeval powers of the earth. Outside the boundaries of the Kunlun lied foreign realms that, because they were unfamiliar and not ordered, represented chaos, death, or night. But from this center, people ventured in the four cardinal directions, making discoveries, and establishing new centers as the realms became known and settled. Throughout this discourse we will see similar spiritual traditions have a similar view to the Chinese way of orienting our world (human realm) through a sacred landscape (mountain, cave, tree, pillar, gate, ladder) Axis Mundi (hub, navel, center) earth portal (vortex) to something that transcends it (heaven, other worlds) that either brings happiness (prosperity) or misery (destruction). Lao Tzu (Laozi, Lao-Tze, Old Master) was an ancient Chinese philosopher and writer. He is the reputed author of the Tao Te Ching (Book of the Way), the founder of philosophical Taoism, and a deity in religious Taoism and traditional Chinese religions. Tàishàng Lǎojūn (Laozi, Lord Lao of Grand Supreme, Lǐ Ěr, Boyang Li Dan) 601 - 531 BC Nèiguānjīng (Classic of Internal Contemplation) In Daoist literature happiness in life cannot be attained by forcing one's own destiny; instead, one must be receptive to the path laid for them by tiān lǐ (Heaven's law, natural order) and yuán (destiny). Daoist meditation focuses heavily on "developing the mind of intent." All of the more advanced practices are based on developing skill and clarity of this "mind of intent." Tàishàng Lǎojūn (Laozi, Lord Lao of Grand Supreme, Lǐ Ěr, Boyang Li Dan) 601 - 531 BC Nèiguānjīng (Classic of Internal Contemplation) Just as this energy exists in the universe, Daoist believe it exists in people, too in special areas called Dantians (energy flow centers). There are 7 main Dantian elixir-of-life fields where "essence" and "spirit" are stored within the body. These energy centers are known as Chakras and are responsible for delivering energy into the physical, mental, emotional and spiritual bodies. Traditional Chinese Medicine is based on balancing and enhancing Qi to bring the body into a state of health and vitality to maintain long life. Qi Gong (mastery) is an ancient Chinese health care system that integrates physical postures, breathing techniques and focused intention to open vital energy blockages in the body that can manifest as disease. There are a variety of physical and emotional conditions that are thought to diminish your Qi. Among the most common causes are chronic stress and sleep deprivation. The three Dantians are each associated with one energy, collectively known as the three treasures. They are: The Lower Dantian: (Jing) located two inches below the navel, it is the source of energy which builds the physical body and allows us to develop and use Qi and Shen. The Middle Dantian: (QI) located at the heart, it is energy created from food and air and relates to our emotions and thoughts. The Upper Dantian: (Shen) located at a center point just higher than the eye brows, it is related to our spirit and/or consciousness. Shi Tian shi Celestial Master, Heavenly Teacher is title bestowed upon Zhang Daoling and his descendants; the first Taoist religious community Qi gong translates from Chinese to mean, roughly, to cultivate or enhance the inherent functional (energetic) essence of the human being. It can be described as a mind-body-spirit practice that improves one's mental and physical health by integrating posture, movement, breathing technique, self-massage, sound, and focused intent. Chi Kung is the exercise to build Chi and store it in the body. Teachers often compare this to “saving money in the bank for a rainy day.” Qiqong is like saving and investing money. Everyday you put a little Qi in the bank, so when you’re old or sick you have a nice big savings stored up and you can use it to stay healthy, active and vibrant. Li” (etiquette and ceremony). Lao Tzu (Laozi, Old Master) taught his students that how to frame one's mind to seek happiness by learning from individuals with a good attitude towards life and calm actions that are open and respectful towards others free from malice or hate. Tao Te Ching (Daodejing) Classic of the Way and Virtue Chapter 20 Buddha Tönpa Shenrap Miwo (ston pa gshen rab) 1917 BC - 23,000 BC Shenrap is the founder of the yungdrung (eternal) Bön (chant, religion of Tibet). Bön developed their beliefs through folk customs and practices stretching back into Tibet's prehistory Bonpos (believer in Bon) in the existence of energetic channels in the human body, where meditation deities dwell. The tantra is based on the belief that an adept can be transformed into a specific meditation deity thanks to appropriate visualizations and energy manipulation prophecy, reveal truths, give advice, heal the sick people and livestock, exorcise evil spirits, bring good fortune. The Nine Ways of Bon The Ways of the Fruit (Result) The 5th Way of the Virtuous Lay Practitioners (gen nyen, dge, bsnyen theg pa) Ten and the ten far- reaching attitudes (perfections) Zarathushtra 6184 BC - 551 BC Zarathushtra composed the Ahuna Vairya (Yatha Ahu Vairyo) a sacred prayer and wisdom that if understood and implemented into daily life will provide the key to receiving blessing from the Creator and defeat evil, by doing virtuous acts such as protecting the poor with a loving mind. Buddhists would accept happiness to found in all beings free of hate and protecting those in need with love. Epicureans would accept turning away from selfish hate for altruistic love to be a higher frame of mind. Ahuna Vairya, 1500 BC - 1000 BC The Great Prophet Moses taught the just (virtuous) will prosper under the Creator's protective care. Devarim - Deuteronomy - Second Law - Chapter 12, 1300 BC - 609 BC Unlike Zoroaster, the Prophet Moses taught no Dyeumorphic manifestation of abstract concepts such as Truth and Righteousness that emanate from the Creator's thoughts. However, like Zoraster, Moses reveals the Torah (Teaching, Laws) as way for one to connect to the Creator thoughts and receive His blessings of prosperity and offspring. Devarim - Deuteronomy - Second Law - Chapter 12, 1300 BC - 609 BC The Israelite King David made a declaration that the pursuit of happiness is not to be found in ideas given by corrupt minds. Happiness can be found by understanding the laws given by a Just Creator. The Israelite King believes one needs to follow the instructions revealed to Moses to connect to the Creator and receive His blessings of prosperity and offspring. David uses an analogy that like trees that need an adequate water supply to thrive and set fruit, we need to be adequately connected to the Torah given by the Creator to help us be happy, thrive, and be fruitful in all of our endeavors. Psalms, 1407 BC - 586 BC Chapter 1 Peshitta Holy Bible In this passage John write's a letter to a Senior, lady member and her Christian family. John simply states that the Truth to Happiness is the Commandment Yeshua (Jesus) gave to Love. 2 John 1 Christian Church Concious Reason Before he became the Architect of American Government, A young Harvard graduate, John Adams wrote to a school friend, Richard Cranch his plan to study law with James Putnam the leading lawyer of Worcester. In this letter, Adams shared his exploration of understanding the gifts of sense, intelligence, and reason the Creator (Nature) has bestowed upon us. He found acts of kindness to be of lesser value in understanding the purpose to the design of life. From John Adams to Richard Cranch, 29 August 1756 Conscious Liberty for All Washington believed that when the people learn the light of truth they would discard the darkness of an concealed falsity (lie, untruth). From George Washington to Charles Mynn Thruston, 10 August 1794 Bolingbroke taught that History's greatest heroes individuals are endowed with a spirit of reason to restrain to bad inclinations and habits they are addicted to the most, then focus on following the will of the Creator. Henry St John, Lord Viscount Bolingbroke Letters on the Study and the Use of History Letter III Claude Adrien Helvétius defined physical sensibility as an instinctual function of the mind to perceive then remember resemblance and differences in objects. This instinctual function also allows us to distinguish agreements or disagreements of ideas and show compassion for others in their time of need. Ideas that we take notice originate from individuals we trust and have acted to benefit our self interest. It is testimony of these trusted individuals that communicate impressions of pleasure and pain that give a basis of judging the truth of personal and public morality. It is the formation of these accepted ideas that gives us respect of others. Helvétius believed that we praise individuals that promote, support, and defend our self interest. At times the testimony individuals share with us give the illusion of honesty, but in reality stem from their personal self interest and not for our benefit. It is through our intellect that we must reason whether these testifiers are good or bad. If the the individual appears genuinely to believe that his testimony is to our benefit, then we must look to the general interest of the people where the idea the originated. Helvétius explained that the concept of Liberty is the attainment of wisdom of knowledge on how to train our physical pleasure and pain instincts to remember and discern the truth to ideas and actions that make us happy or sad. Further, he was of the opinion that the knowledge of Liberty can only be achieved by an individual with no mental disability, paying close attention and connecting ideas that are being communicated about the subject. The more an individual discusses Liberty the greater one gains Wisdom to genuinely understand the concept of it. Helvétius was of the position the problem of misunderstanding Liberty was not only found in with individuals with mental conditions. Intelligent people with physical sensibility can process and adopt false ideas given by those who they trust and admire. Contextual associations can be linked to deliberative or unintentional false truths (misleading ideas) to agreed upon code (rules) of conduct made with fellow citizens by social contract. A false truth given by those that we have an instinct to love and admire can initiate a duty preserve and propagate the error. De L'esprit, Or, Essays on the Mind, and Its Several Faculties by Helvétius If we are to implicitly believe that the Will of Our Creator is Natural law. Then we can implicitly believe it was the Will of the Creator to give mankind reason to decide what actions in life will bring us happiness or misery. It is the testimony of both prophets and philosophers that the path of happiness is making the choice to follow the greater good at the expense of lesser evil. It is up to government and religious leaders to properly guard Citizens with the use of reason over personal inclinations and be happy with the blessing our Creator has given. It is up to our citizen patriots to understand that the common happiness of Civil Liberty depends on the importance of individual duty in submitting to what the law and government permits, which firmly opposes evil corruption and promotes the common good. Jefferson considered supreme happiness to not come from nobility or priests, but rather from having faith that Nature (Creator) has given us a sense of justice through the cherishment of others. It is also my opinion, that Jefferson also also reasoned against selfish false teachings that man bestowed aristocracy the hereditary right to govern and judge one's fate. It will be through the false teaching of fearing others without sound reason that can as a consequence destroy established law and order built by free men. From Thomas Jefferson to William Johnson, 12 June 1823 The Call of Duty Trust is an essential elixir for maintaining National Unity. Our Founders understood that elected leaders must be held to the highest standards in their service to protect America's Independence and Liberty. Otherwise, leaders may lose public trust that their actions are for the common good. The Federalist Papers : No. 57 The Alleged Tendency of the New Plan to Elevate the Few at the Expense of the Many Considered in Connection with Representation From the New York Packet Tuesday, February 19, 1788. Author: Alexander Hamilton or James Madison Liberty: A Path To Its Recovery by F.A. Harper Page 44 Jefferson and Washington taught the honor in focusing on the welfare of the People of all nations and religions. And to be on guard against those that pursue their own self interest and personal advantage over Civility of accepted conduct. Notes on the State of Virginia: Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826 QUERY XVII As a pastor and evangelist, Elder John Leland believed it was of the utmost importance to safeguard their individual civil rights, religious freedom. Elder John Leland preached to the Citizens of Connecticut his observations of influence and power American Citizens bestow upon their Representatives. The Rights of Conscience Inalienable, by John Leland (1791) Congress gives Washington the Power to Command the Military George Washington to the Executive Committee of the Continental Congress, 1 January 1777 President George Washington believed that Love and Humility (Subordination) were necessary factors in achieving Happiness. When a group of Continental Army soldiers overtook Independence Hall, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, President Washington wrote a letter to Congress to be Public Notice to all Citizens of the United States. The notice was written in response to soldiers demanded back pay for their services to the federal government. President Washington understood the importance of calming the soldiers. He reminded them of the obedience to their oath. George Washington's National responsibilities and experiences as Commander-in-chief bestowed upon him the wisdom of the broader view of the proper communication to the United States institutions and more importantly, its Citizens. From George Washington to The States, 8 June 1783 During the Revolutionary War, oaths of allegiance were administered to officers of the Continental Army under General Washington. These officers swore to defend the Free, Independent and Sovereign States against King George. Extract from the minutes, CHARLES THOMSON, Secretary. Four resolutions of the Continental Congress concerning the loyalty oath. Signed: Extract from the minutes, Charles Thomson, secretary. Journals of the Continental Congress, 197 In Congress, February 3, 1778 After the Revolutionary war, General Washington relinquished his power to serve under the Creator and the Charter of the United States Constitution. It was President Washington's hope that the Creator would bless America with Liberty and Happiness. George Washington, December 23, 1783, Resignation Address In Washington's farewell address our Nation's Founding Father stressed that WE THE PEOPLE must always be on the lookout for those individuals, organizations, and outside nations that desire to weaken our Unity of tranquility, peace, and prosperity. Furthermore, there will be always a cost (expense, debt) of gratitude to share in safeguarding a Social contract that promotes the Happiness of ALL its Citizens (WE THE PEOPLE). More importantly, we must have Respect and Admiration (Love) for All PEOPLE, Foreign and Domestic. Transcript of President George Washington's Farewell Address (1796) Like Bolingbroke, Blackstone wrote that it is the duty of those who Nature (Creator) and Fortune (Grace) have bestowed abilities and time to serve their country and master their understanding of its Civil Laws. It is the power of these Civil Laws that protects all Citizens from physical and mental injury by fellow countryman and foreigners. It is the power of these Civil laws which Civil Liberty is derived. Liberty is what is that which those that govern the land permits. INTRODUCTION. Of the Study, Nature, and Extent of the Laws of England. SECTION I. ON THE STUDY OF THE LAW. The Free Exercise Clause of the United States Constitution gives Citizens and legal foreign guests Liberty to reach, hold, practice and change beliefs freely according to our individual rights of conscience. The United States government may not penalize or discriminate against an individual or a group of individuals because of their religious views, nor may it compel persons to affirm any particular beliefs. United States Supreme Court EPPERSON ET AL. V. ARKANSAS. APPEAL FROM THE SUPREME COURT OF ARKANSAS. No. 7. Argued October 16, 1968.-Decided November 12, 1968. Benjamin Franklin was 81 years old and nearing the end of his life when the Constitutional Convention, also known as the Philadelphia Convention, met in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from May 25 to September 17, 1787. Franklin’s voice was too weak to speak, so he put a paper into James Wilson's hand to read aloud containing his reasons for assenting to the Constitution. Considering all the different points of view of Representatives at the convention, Franklin thought it was remarkable that the Constitution was a superior document of collective wisdom. Benjamin Franklin's Final Speech MR. JUSTICE BLACK delivered the opinion of the Court. United States Supreme Court EVERSON v. BOARD OF EDUCATION OF THE TOWNSHIP OF EWING ET AL. APPEAL FROM THE COURT OF ERRORS AND APPEALS OF NEW JERSEY. No. 52. Argued November 20, 1946.-Decided February 10, 1947. From George Washington to the Hebrew Congregation in Newport, Rhode Island, 18 August 1790 As the primary author of the United States Declaration of Independence , Thomas Jefferson understood the liberty of choice our Creator has given us to pursuit the wisdom of life and prosperity or suffer the evils of death and destruction. The truth of choice that the followers of religion and/or nature, universally agree upon is defined as 'self evident.' History shows that people evolve both physically, mentally, spiritually, and culturally. Individuals, groups, educational institutions, political parties, religions, and even nation states may resistant to change. They find comfort living in an environment they grew up in. And when the environment changes due to a human modification or disregard of a particular custom, individuals may become agitated and possibly hostile. That is why civility of clear and concise communication is important to better understand a proposed change. Jefferson knew through experience, Activist and Politicians like himself become hypersensitive to any proposal of change. Proposals to Revise the Virginia Constitution: Thomas Jefferson to “Henry Tompkinson” (Samuel Kercheval), 12 July 1816 Like Thomas Jefferson, George Washington understood that Civility of Law and Order depends on the cherishment of people in all stations of life that mutually desire Happiness and understand their duty to follow the agreed upon rules to enjoy it. George Washington to Joshua Holmes, 2 December 1783 The Writings of the Late Elder John Leland Including Some Events in His Life. by John Leland, L. F . Greene December 12, 1826 Elder Leland taught the difference between Civil and Divine government. The Function of Civil government is to protect the lives, liberty, and property of the community. The Baptist Elder believed Divine government begins the moment after death. The Christ the King honors those that based their early life on simplicity, humility and their love toward others. The Writings of the Late Elder John Leland Including Some Events in His Life. by John Leland, L. F . Greene The Government of Christ a Christocracy Published 1804 As a devout abolitionist, John Leland believed slavery to be against the Liberty of the individual pursuit (self interest) of Happiness. His Christian Faith (Belief) taught him to understand that Freedom of Liberty in the Bible meant: Freedom for All. The Founders profound respect for our right of conscience is well-documented. From Thomas Jefferson to Samuel Miller, 23 January 1808 James Madison's message is clear to stay away on all matters of liberty of religious conscience that are unessential to government authority. James Madison to Jasper Adams, September 1833 In McCreary County v. ACLU of Kentucky, 545 U.S. 844, it was the Supreme Court opinion that the United States was founded on a secular principle of neutrality in regards to all sincere conscious religious and atheist beliefs. MCCREARY COUNTY v. AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF KY. The Free Exercise Clause is the part of the First Amendment that reads: Washington urged Americans to always place the interests of the nation over their political and regional affiliations. MCCREARY COUNTY v. AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF KY. President George Washington's Farewell address emphasized that Religion and Moralism share the same objective platform in framing a civil society. Both concepts share faith (trust) in others and belief that justice and benevolence (goodwill, virtue) should be universal (equal) truth. Washington's Farewell Address 1796 Having just overthrown the King of England during the American Revolution, Jefferson and his political Democratic-Republican party feared Federalist desire for a strong national government would threaten the Liberty of a young Nation with a growing Federal control of power. The American Colonist revoked their allegiance to the British Crown and the Social Contract (Laws, Rules) that bound them to it. Declaration of Independence General Washington believed that it was through Divine Intervention his Continental Army was able to survive the entire Revolutionary War despite great odds favoring the enemy. He believed that the key to maintaining Divine Purpose was by following a proper code of conduct. From George Washington to Samuel Langdon, 28 September 1789 Washington clearly thought the United States to be similar to the Israelite Nation in gaining freedom from the bondage of a Tyrant through a union of friendship and greatness to be under the Providence of Creator to be self-evident. From George Washington to Landon Carter, 27 October 1777 Both Adams and Cranch were influenced by George Whitefield, a famous Oxford Graduate and Methodist preacher. In his time, he was noted to be a Christian hero of British citizens and American Colonist. Here are some selected quotes Whitefield on how our conscience becomes aware of a greater Divine Being through the selfless love of others. Sermons By George Whitefield Thomas Jefferson himself thought that through reason one can observe a perfect design in nature organized by the power of an Ultimate Creator that was the Initial Cause that set everything into motion. This is the key tenet underlying the Declaration of Independence. From Thomas Jefferson to John Adams, 11 April 1823 Being a staunch defender of Conscious Liberty, Thomas Jefferson was reluctant to talk about his personal beliefs in public. His private letters reveal a man of deep moral conviction who spent a considerable amount of time thinking about the Providence and Justice of the Creator. Jefferson's writings do reveal his acceptance of a Creator and Divine Justice. Notes on the State of Virginia: Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826 QUERY XVIII Thomas Jefferson firmly believed that Judgment is made on the Works in one's life or lack thereof. He also could not deny Jesus works of mercy, compassion and love pointed to the something beyond the works themselves. Jefferson admired the purity of innocence of Jesus unblemished character and hoped everyone follow the virtue to his moral teachings. stripped away the supernatural and left only wisdom he accepted as a materialist Unitarian thinker. From Thomas Jefferson to William Short, 13 April 1820 Thomas Jefferson admired, but did not accept Jesus as the being begotten of the Creator. He considered the Christian Trinity to be analogous to Cerberus, the three headed hound of Hades guarding the gates of the Underworld. Jefferson was greatly influenced by Joseph Priestley, a British Unitarian who rejected the Trinity and asserted the perfectibility of man through reason. In my limited understanding I find the Trinity to be analogous to the three main parts of our brain: the cerebrum (Father with higher sensory functions), cerebellum (Son that receives and carries out instruction) and brainstem (Holy Spirit that connects the Father to the Son and everyone). It is through this system of communication our conscious is made aware. A Behavior Scientist would understand the Holy Spirit, to be a of synonym of Wisdom, a method of integrating the accumulation of knowledge, experience, and deep understanding in daily life. Like Jefferson, Athanasius has been slandered by the followers of Arius, a North African priest who taught that Christ was the Jewish Messiah, but not the Creator. From Thomas Jefferson to James Smith, 8 December 1822 In Joeseph Priestly's work, Socrates and Jesus Compared, Socrates devout religious belief to help citizens and others to be good was greatly admired. He taught the one Law of Nature is to do good in return for good received; or face the penalty of being deserted by your friends in you time of need. Priestly also writes that taught of a decisive power superior to man. And Unlike Epicurus belief that the gods were unconcerned spectators of the plight of man, Socrates reasoned the gods were concerned and interceded in the affairs of man. At his trial Socrates said that he had often heard a Daemon (divine voice) who was frequently present within him. He trusted the judgement of his personal reason and the wisdom of the gods over people. During his trial,Socrates listened to his Daemon repeated commands not to make any defense to the accusations, which led to his demise against tyrants. During Socrates sentencing he pleaded a justifiable reason of vanity that he if was executed, Athens would find no other man like him. Ultimately Socrates execution made him even more famous as a martyr for morality. To Priestly it appears that Socrates had little or no faith in the sanction of virtue in the doctrine of a future state. But, believed in the pleasure received during life and the chance of honored by the living after death. Priestly writes, "Socrates, according to Plato, generally speaks of a future state, and the condition of men in, as the popular belief, which might be true or false. Priestly does mention that Socrates taught that there was a privilege given by the gods to only a select group humans initiated in the right manner into a philosophy of meditation of a pure mind over their body to live with them. Socrates did not know whether or not he had succeeded in this endeavor or not. SOCRATES AND JESUS COMPARED BY JOSEPH PRIESTLY page 22 Priestly maintained Socrates theorized that the substance of man's power of thinking, or mental action may remain when the corporeal body ceases to exist. Priestly then added the Greek general belief of an afterlife during the time of Socrates could have been similar to the Jews idea of afterlife, but the record of this Future State revelation had been long lost. Thomas Jefferson letters and essays reveal an American leader with a strong Unitarian sympathy, but a free spirited man that did not formally belong to any Unitarian congregation and regularly attended Sunday Baptist Services at the United States Capitol. Jefferson passed away one year after the founding of the American Unitarian Association (AUA) in 1825. The Sage of Monticello (Jefferson) prior letter to Doctor Benjamin Waterhouse, co-founder and professor of the Harvard Medical School and Unitarian minister at Cambridge, Massachusetts displays his affinity to the country following the moral teachings of Jesus in proper method to follow a Just Creator. From Thomas Jefferson to Benjamin Waterhouse, 26 June 1822 The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth (The Jefferson Bible) by Thomas Jefferson XXXI. - To be Born Blind No Proof of Sin. Disclaimer Romans 1 Jefferson understood the idea where a man could be both physically and morally blind. But, he rejected the Spiritual (Supernatural) part of John's testimony where Jesus used the Creator's power to give a blind man the miracle of physical sight. John Chapter 9 Great Isaiah Scroll - Chapter 42 Titus Jefferson in the “Kingdom of Everlasting Glory.” Jefferson wrote back a little more than a month later. He thanked King for his letter “because I believe it was written with kind intentions, and a personal concern for my future happiness." Jefferson believed our Freedom Conscience to be a sacred part of our human nature to think for ourselves. Jefferson supported all religions that supported the Freedom of giving us a choice to speak and act honestly towards all members of our society. Thomas Jefferson to Miles King, 26 September 1814

Born 551 BC Zou, Lu, Zhou Kingdom (present-day Nanxinzhen, Qufu, Shandong, China) Died 479 BC Confucius Zhu Xi stated that Analects is the records of Confucius's first- and second-generation pupils. The Analects (Selected Passages) of Confucius 雍也 - Yong Ye - 475 - 221 BC 子曰：“雍也可使南面。 Yong Ye: The Master said, "There is Yong (forever , permanence) "" - he might occupy the place of a prince." [6:11] The Master said: “Hui was indeed Worthy (Righteous, Sage)! With a single bamboo bowl of rice and gourd-cup of water he lived in a back alley. Others could not have endured his misery, but Hui never changed from his happy disposition. Hui was a worthy indeed!” Buddha taught spreading pure selfless thoughts of love without selfish want or hate to all living beings. [6-23] 子曰。知者樂水、仁者樂山。知者動、仁者靜。知者樂、仁者壽。 [6:23] The Master said: “The wise enjoy the sea, the Jen (humane, compassionate) enjoy the mountains. The wise are busy, Jen are tranquil (peaceful). The wise are happy, the Jen are eternal." 6:28 Tzu Kung asked: "Suppose there were a ruler who benefited the people far and wide and was capable of bringing salvation to the multitude, what would you think of him? Might he be called jen?" The Master said, "Why only jen? He would undoubtedly be a sage. Even Yao and Shun would have had to strive to achieve this. Now the jen man, wishing himself to be established, sees that others are established, and, wishing himself to be successful, sees that others are successful. To be able to take one's own feelings as a guide may be called the art of jen." 7:6 Confucius said: "Set your aspirations on the Tao, hold to virtue, rely on your jen, and relax in the study of the arts." 7:15 Confucius said: "I can live with coarse rice to eat, water for drink and my arm as a pillow and still be happy. Wealth and honors that one possesses in the midst of injustice are like floating clouds." 7:33 Confucius said: "I dare not claim to be a sage or a man of jen. But I strive for these without being disappointed, and I teach without becoming weary. This is what can be said of me." 9:28 Confucius said: "The wise are not confused, the jen are not anxious, the brave are not afraid. [12:1] Yan Yuan asked about the meaning of humaneness. The Master said, “To completely overcome selfishness and keep to propriety is humaneness. If for a full day you can overcome selfishness and keep to propriety, everyone in the world will return to humaneness. Does humaneness come from oneself, or from others?” 12:22 Fan Chih asked about the meaning of jen. Confucius said "love others." He asked about the meaning of "knowledge." The Master said, "Know others." Fan Chih couldn't get it. The Master said, "If you put the honest in positions of power and discard the dishonest, you will force the dishonest to become honest." Fan Chih left and seeing Tzu Hsia said, "A little while ago I saw the Master and asked him about 'knowledge,' and he told me, "Put the honest in positions of power and discard the dishonest, and you will force the dishonest to be honest." What did he mean?" 12:24 Tseng Tzu said: "The Superior Man uses his refinement to meet his friends, and through his friends develops his jen. 15:8 Confucius said: "The determined shih and the man of jen will not save their lives if it requires damaging their jen. They will even sacrifice themselves to consummate their jen." 15:32 Confucius said: "If your wisdom can grasp it, but your jen is incapable of maintaining it, even though you have grasped it, you will certainly lose it. If your wisdom grasps it and your jen is sufficient to maintain it, but you don't manifest it, the people will not revere you. If your wisdom grasps it, your jen is sufficient to maintain it, and you manifest it but don't act according to propriety, you are still not perfect." 15:33 Confucius said: "The Superior Man cannot act within the framework of lesser wisdom, but he can handle major affairs. The inferior man cannot handle major affairs, but he can act within the framework of lesser wisdom." 17:6 Tzu Chang asked Confucius about jen. Confucius said, "If you can practice these five things with all the people, you can be called jen." Tzu Chang asked what they were. Confucius said, "Courtesy, generosity, honesty, persistence, and kindness. If you are courteous, you will not be disrespected; if you are generous, you will gain everything. If you are honest, people will rely on you. If you are persistent you will get results. If you are kind, you can employ people." 19:19 Yang Fu, having been appointed Minister of Righteousness by the Meng clan, consulted with Tseng Tzu. Tseng said, "When those in power lose their sense of justice, the people will scatter from them, and it will be a long time before they return. When you are aware of their suffering, then you should be sorrowful, never joyful." 19:22 Kung Sun Ch'ao of Wei asked Tzu Kung: "From whom did Confucius get his learning?" Tzu Kung said, "The Tao of King Wen and King Wu (the legendary sage-kings of antiquity) has not yet sunk into the ground. The Worthies have assimilated the major points, and the less-than-worthy have assimilated the minor points. There is no place where the Tao of Wen and Wu does not exist, so how could the Master not learn it? Why would he need to get it from a certain teacher?"

Matthew 6, 85 CE

14:12 And why should we not rely upon Allah while He has guided us to our [good] ways. And we will surely be patient against whatever harm you should cause us. And upon Allah let those who would rely [indeed] rely." Hillel the Elder taught the way of life was to bring merit to oneself by building a relationship Creator and care your neighbors in this world before it is too late. Otherwise, one's soul will not be worthy of the world to come. Pirkei Avot 1:14 The Great Isaiah Scroll Chapter 11 : John 14 Al-Baqara (The Cow) Mohamed prayed to the Creator to show him the path of truth. He did not want to go want to go the false way given by those who have rejected the Creator and His teachings. Al-Fatiha (The Opening) Mohamed's revelation shows us two highways (paths), the good and the bad. and he choose is the one he wants and he will be asked about the one that he choose on the day of Judgment Quran Balad 90 Mohamed used the metaphor of two angels (demands, receivers) of his concious (nature) to explain intuitive and reflective reasoning. But, in the twilight of death comes the truth we avoid. Quran Qaf 50 Mohamed explained that the Creator has given humans free will to choose to follow (light) or reject (dark) what is good. The ones that do not seek the Creator can never be forced to believe that He exists and the truth He has given. Those that act to coerce a non believer go against the Freedom the Creator has given. But, those interested in finding the Creator can be guided to the path of truth through the power of prayer. Al-Baqara (The Cow)

Macrobius says, a settled opinion among them all; and they held it to be the only true wisdom, for the soul, while united with the body, to look ever toward its source, and strive to return to the place whence it came. Among the fixed stars it dwelt, until, seduced by the desire of animating a body, it descended to be imprisoned in matter. Thenceforward it has no other resource than recollection, and is ever attracted toward its birth-place and home. The means of return are to be sought for in itself. To re-ascend to its source, it must do and suffer in the body. It was the serpent, which, personified as Ahriman, was the Evil Principle of the religion of Zoroaster. In the Gathas, which are the oldest texts of Zoroastrianism and are attributed to the prophet himself, angra mainyu is not yet a proper name.[n 1] In the one instance in these hymns where the two words appear together, the concept spoken of is that of a mainyu ("mind", "spirit" or otherwise an abstract energy etc.)[n 2] that is angra ("destructive", "chaotic", "disorderly", "inhibitive", "malign" etc, of which a manifestation can be anger). In this single instance—in Yasna 45.2—the "more bounteous of the spirits twain" declares angra mainyu to be its "absolute antithesis".[1] A similar statement occurs in Yasna 30.3, where the antithesis is however aka mainyu, aka being the Avestan language word for "evil". Hence, aka mainyu is the "evil spirit" or "evil mind" or "evil thought," as contrasted with spenta mainyu, the "bounteous spirit" with which Ahura Mazda conceived of creation, which then "was". The aka mainyu epithet recurs in Yasna 32.5, when the principle is identified with the daevas that deceive humankind and themselves. While in later Zoroastrianism, the daevas are demons, this is not yet evident in the Gathas: Zoroaster stated that the daevas are "wrong gods" or "false gods" that are to be rejected, but they are not yet demons.[2] Some have also proposed a connection between Angra Mainyu and the sage Angiras of the Rigveda.[3][4] If this is true, it could be understood as evidence of a religious schism between the deva-worshiping Vedic Indo-Aryans and early Zoroastrians. In Yasna 32.3, these daevas are identified as the offspring, not of Angra Mainyu, but of akem manah, "evil thinking". A few verses earlier it is however the daebaaman, "deceiver"—not otherwise identified but "probably Angra Mainyu"[1]—who induces the daevas to choose achistem manah—"worst thinking." In Yasna 32.13, the abode of the wicked is not the abode of Angra Mainyu, but the abode of the same "worst thinking". "One would have expected [Angra Mainyu] to reign in hell, since he had created 'death and how, at the end, the worst existence shall be for the deceitful' (Y. 30.4)

The Breath of the Father (Holy Spirit) is an supernatural living force known by the movement by which he reveals the eternal Living Word to us and disposes us to welcome him in faith Origen De Principiis (Book I) Chapter 3. On the Holy Spirit The Great Isaiah Scroll - Digital Dead Sea Scrolls Chapter 6 The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, volume 2 Expansions of the "Old Testament" and Legends, Wisdom and Philosophical Literature, Prayers, Psalms and Odes, Fragments of Lost Judeo-Hellenistic Work The Ascension of Isaiah The Septuagint In the midst of two living creatures you will be known The Greek translation was in circulation among the Alexandrian Jews who were fluent in Greek, the common language in Egypt at the time, but not in Hebrew. Chavakuk - Habakkuk LXX - Chapter 3 Caesarious of Arles interpreted the two creatures t be the Old and New Testaments in the midst of which Christ is known spiritually. Roberts interpreted the two creatures to be the cherubim of the ark Chavakuk - Habakkuk - Chapter 3 Seraphim Wings by Holicia Watch Digital Art / 3-Dimensional Art / Abstract Chavakuk - Habakkuk - Chapter 3 Tractate Pesachim: Chapter 1 Regulations concerning the removal of leaven from the house on the eve of Passover and the exact time when this must be accomplished. Wisdom Devarim - Deuteronomy - Chapter 29 1 Kings 3 By referring to Jonah the same way He referred to the Queen of the South, Jesus strongly supported the view that Jonah was a historical person. The Queen of the South was the Queen of Sheba (1 Kings 10:1-13). She came from the Arabian Peninsula that for the Jews was the end of the earth (cf. Jer. 6:20; Joel 3:8). She visited Jerusalem because of reports about Solomon’s great wisdom that had reached her ears. The something greater than Solomon was Messiah, the embodiment of divine wisdom. The queen would join the Ninevites in condemning the unbelievers of Jesus’ day because they failed to acknowledge one with greater wisdom than Solomon, as well as one with a greater message than Jonah. Jesus was greater than Solomon in His wisdom, wealth, and works. Matthew 12 Luke 10 John 14 John 16 The Spirit of God, the Holy Spirit, has become the Spirit of Jesus Acts 16 1 CORINTHIANS 2 2 Corinthians 3 17 Now the Lord is the Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord is present, there is freedom. 18 And we all, with unveiled faces reflecting the glory of the Lord, are being transformed into the same image from one degree of glory to another, which is from the Lord, who is the Spirit. Galatians 4 Revelation 11 Catechism of the Catholic Church PART ONE THE PROFESSION OF FAITH SECTION TWO THE PROFESSION OF THE CHRISTIAN FAITH CHAPTER THREE I BELIEVE IN THE HOLY SPIRIT ARTICLE 8 TEACHINGS OF PRESIDENTS OF THE CHURCH: GORDON B. HINCKLEY CHAPTER 7: THE WHISPERINGS OF THE SPIRIT The First Book of Nephi Chapter 10 The Book of Mosiah Chapter 3 Doctrine and Covenants Section 11 Mishlei - Proverbs - Chapter 9 By personifying wisdom Solomon was able to illustrate two things about it in these verses, both of which concern the guidance that is available in wisdom (understanding, insight). Wisdom is available everywhere (vv. 2-3) and to anyone (v. 5). It does not take a superior intellect to be wise in the biblical sense. As Creator, God counted wisdom most important. Wisdom is older than the universe, and it was essential in its creation. Nothing came into existence without wisdom. Wisdom leads to joy because creation produces joy (vv. 30-31) both for the Creator and for the creature. God made and did nothing without wisdom. Therefore it is very important that we obtain it. That is the point. Mishlei - Proverbs - Chapter 8 Matthew 12 Revelation 11 I remember in my youth thinking that God was this immense indestructible being of power with an incomprehensible plan. In the beginning God manifested Himself into a Spirit form that created all things in the Universe. At a point of time the Spirit of God created human life in His image with attributes to see, hear, communicate, an survive in the natural world. When God's Spirit wanted to be known to humans they feared His power, but understood the truth to His words. For a period of time the The Spirit of God choose to interact with humans who both feared and worshiped him. The Spirit of God would come in different forms. And for a period of time Through his Spirit God manifested himself into a human form into the womb of a Holy virgin woman known as Mary. It is testified that the child of God and man was named Jesus, who lived and interacted with mankind for 33 years. When the mortal Jesus was ready to begin His ministry as a teacher to humankind the Spirit of God came upon him in the form of a dove. From the Heavens, the Creator graced some human witnesses hear and bear testimony to His statement of pleasure with the righteous actions of Jesus, His human son. It was during this moment that In time some mortal zealots who associated themselves with the Creator, but did not know or hear Him speak, perceived His son Jesus as a threat to their power over the people. The mortal zealots condemned and put Jesus to death. To let humans witness and give testimony that Jesus human form truly died, Roman guards were placed in front of Jesus tomb to make sure no one stole his corpse. For three days the tomb was not disturbed. At that moment, the Spirit of God that creates life, resurrected Jesus dead mortal corpse to an imperishable living immortal Spirit. Origen De Principiis (Book I) Chapter 2. On Christ. Proverbs 25 Matthew 3

Rulers established their legacy not only by building great structures, they also passed on Wisdom Sebayt (Teaching, Didache) to their offspring and future leaders on the concepts divinity and virtue. The Maxims of Ptahhotep or Instruction of Ptahhotep (2500 - 2400 BC) is considered the oldest collection of wisdom literature in the world written by composed by the Vizier Ptahhotep, during the rule of King Izezi of the Fifth Dynasty. James Henry Breasted credited Amenemope with having a profound influence on Western ethical and religious development due to his Instruction being read by the Hebrews and portions of it being included, sometimes verbatim, in various books of the Bible Ptahhotep considered the heart (ka) the way to measure life, prosperity and health. Those with the strongest heart are those that listen, understand and follow the laws given to keep order (Ma'at) in ones life. The one who listens to to those that do not follow law and order other, but looks for only pleasures to the body will grow a weak heart and only know death, punishment and appear foolish to others. Sabayt Ptahhotep The Sebayt of Amenemope (Didache of Amenomope or Teaching of Amenemope) is pharonic wisdom literature thought to have been written by the Egyptian Pharoah Usermaatre Amenemope of the 21st Dynasty. This coincided during the time when the tribes of Israel first became a unified nation. In the prologue that Amenomope considered it extremely important for a ruler to know how to properly respond to his subjects and foreigners and follow the path of prosperity in life. Sabayt Amenemope Prologue It important that one seeking Sabayt pay strict attention to what is stated and learn how to control your tongue. Teaching of Amenemope Chapter I - The Sabayt The Chokhmah (Chinukh, Didache, Teaching) Meshlei (Proverbs) is Israelite wisdom literature thought to been written by King Solomon during his reign from 970 to 931 BCE. Solomon stressed wisdom begins with fearing our Creator. And understanding the teachings of the holy people brings insight on how to discern and respond to events around you. The knowledge you recieve it. Mishlei - Proverbs - Chapter 9 Similar to Amenemope, Solomon taught that a ruler should be on guard against seductive words of flattery that can influence unwanted actions. Mishlei - Proverbs - Chapter 5 Solomon's father David taught that our Creator is the Shepherd of Creation like he was as a boy. It is our Creator's wisdom, not human that lead to a path of righteousness during our lives. If we stay on the Creator's path no evil shall fall upon us. Tehillim - Psalms - Chapter 23 In ancient Egyptian beliefs, serpents were considered both protectors and enemies of the people. The cobra is most often represented as the Uraeus, the fiercely protective serpent seen guarding the foreheads of Deities, kings, and queens. East of Alexandria, in the city of Dep the Uraeus was known as Wadjet, the serpent goddess often depicted as a cobra. The Ancient Egyptian word Wadj signifies blue and green. Wadjet is also the name for the well-known Eye of the Moon. Indeed, in later times, she was often depicted simply as a woman with a cobra's head, or as a woman wearing the Uraeus. The Uraeus originally had been her body alone, which wrapped around or was coiled upon the head of the pharaoh or another deity. She became the patroness of the Nile Delta and the protector of all of Lower Egypt. The Uraeus was the protector of the pharaoh and was believed to spit fire at enemies from its place on the forehead. Wadjet had a twin sister known as Nekhbet, who was the patron of the city of Nekheb (her name meaning of Nekheb) and later became the patron of Upper Egypt. She takes the form of woman with the head of a vulture, a woman with a vulture headdress or simply just white vulture symbolizing purity. Together, they represented the Uraeus – the two ladies (nebty) protecting the pharaoh and all of Egypt. When Egypt became one, these goddesses were believed to be present during the crowning of a pharaoh and their symbols were found the front of the crown itself. In this light, her role as a protector extended to common people as well. and one of the two patron deities for all of Ancient Egypt when it was unified. Apophis (Apep) was the ancient Egyptian deity who embodied chaos (ı͗zft in Egyptian) and was thus the opponent of light and Ma'at (order/truth). He appears in art as a giant serpent. Teaching of Amenemope Chapter 8 : speak no evil The Literature Of Ancient Egypt The Story of Sinuhe Khnum was originally a water god who was thought to rule over all water, including the rivers and lakes of the underworld. He was associated with the source of the Nile, and ensured that the inundation deposited enough precious black silt onto the river banks to make them fertile. Khnum was similar to the the Creator's Holy Spirit as the Lord of Life of the body and the "ka" (spirit) of each newborn child. (52) his emotions & passions are constantly in a state of arousal ; Chapter 9 : avoid the heated CHAPTER 9 Chapter 10 : say what You think without injuring CHAPTER 10 Chapter 11 : abuse no poor Chapter 17 : do not corrupt the measure Chapter 21 : be reticent Like the Egyptian concept of Ma'at (Order) and Apepi (Disorder), In the Talmud (Tractate Berakoth Folio 5a) Jews believe that the soul of person has both a good spirit (Yezter hatov, impulse, inclination, instinct, genii) and a evil spirit (Yezter hara, impulse, inclination instinct, genii) battling for control.The problem, however, arises when one makes a willful choice to "cross over the line," and seeks to gratify the evil spirits. Rabbi Levi explains the meaning to King David's wisdom on how to maintain Selah (balance, Ma'at) in one's life by praying to the Creator for help to transform our Yezter hara into a good force in our life. Tractate Berakoth Folio 5a Proverbs (especially the sentence literature of chs. 10ff. ) shows "a general parallelism of thought" with Egyptian and Babylonian Instruction. Sebayt (Manuel de Codage transcription: sbA.yt)[1] is the ancient Egyptian term for a genre of pharaonic literature. The word literally means 'teachings' or 'instructions'[2] and refers to formally written ethical teachings focused on the "way of living truly". he book of Proverbs was principally written by King Solomon, David’s son, around 900 BC. Wisdom literature is one of the most important classes of texts from the ancient civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia and sufficient examples survive to illustrate both the different national or cultural preferences and, at the same time, the underlying similarity of thought and expression Helck says, "that Proverbs 22:17-23:11 is largely dependent on the Teaching of Amenemope is now generally accepted".27 Erman demonstrated that the Teaching of Amenemope was closely parallel with the portion of Proverb sometimes subtitled "Words of the Wise" (22:17-24:22) the belly is the home of our passions, emotions, feelings and states of arousal & rest - our sage promotes tranquility ; He has mastered the "inner" conflict between his passions and his mind, namely between the icons of emotions and the symbols of proto-rational cognition, between "belly" and "heart". Egyptian Instructions (both pre-Demotic and Demotic) present collections of maxims and teachings on moral living, these max Amun is first mentioned in the Pyramid Texts (c. 2400-2300) as a local god of Thebes along with his consort Amaunet. Amun as "The Obscure One" left room for people to define him according to their own understanding of what they needed him to be. A god who represented darkness could not also represent light, nor a god of water stand for dryness, etc. A god who personified the mysterious hidden nature of existence, however, could lend himself to any aspect of that existence; and this is precisely what happened with Amun. During the Twelfth dynasty, the New Kingdom the god Amun rose to prominence. In the city of Thebes. Atum was fused with Ra into Amun-Ra. . In his role as Amun-Ra, the god combines his invisible aspect (symbolized by the wind which one cannot see but is aware of) and his visible aspect as the life-giving sun. In Amun, the most important aspects of both Ra and Atum were combined to establish an all-encompassing deity whose aspects were literally every facet of creation. Statue of the ram of Amun Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford This life-sized statue of a ram, the sacred animal of the god Amun, was one of a pair that flanked a threshold in Taharqa’s temple at Kawa c. 680 BC. The base is carved with a hieroglyphic inscription proclaiming the king to be the son of the god Amun. A small figure of Taharqa stands protected under the ram’s chin. Wonderful Ethiopians of the Ancient Cushite Empire Drusilla Dunjee Houston CHAPTER V. PREHISTORIC EGYPT, THE LAND OF WONDERS. Relief depicting the ram-headed Amun-ra on a shrine erected by Kushite King Taharqa in the court of the Temple of Amun built by him at Kawa in Nubia. Late Period, 25th Dynasty, 690-64 BC. NUBIAN PHARAOHS AND MEROITIC KINGS THE KINGDOM OF KUSH NECIA DESIREE HARKLESS p.16 Diodorus is an invaluable source on the history of Egypt and Ethiopia. What does he say about the Ethiopians? “Now the Ethiopians, as historians relate, were the fi rst of all men and proofs of the statement are manifest. For they did not come into their country as immigrants from abroad but were the natives of it and so justly bear the name of Autochone...Th ey that dwell beneath the noonday sun were in all likelihood the fi rst to be generated by the earth... it is reasonable to suppose that the region which was nearest was the fi rst to bring forth living creatures. And they say that they were taught to honor the gods and to hold sacrifi ces and processions and festivals and other rites by which man honors the deity: and that in consequences their piety was published abroad among all men... they state by reason of their piety towards the deity they manifestly enjoy the favor of the gods, inasmuch as they have never experienced rule of an invader from; for from all time they have enjoyed a state of freedom abroad and peace with the other and though many powerful rulers have made war upon them, not one of them succeeded in this undertaking.” Th e fi rst Ethiopians who were mentioned in the bible were from the land of Kush (Cush), which according to the biblical tradition was a territory on the Upper Nile, south of Egypt; it was also later known as Nubia. Kush is the name of the eldest son of Noah and the territory inhabited by his descendants. Th e Kushites are the descendants of Noah who produced the sons: Shem, Ham, and Japhet, each with their own language, clan, and nation. According to Gen. 9:18, the three sons peopled the rest of the earth, which was indicative of the unity of humanity in the ancient mind. Ham’s son, Cush, went to Ethiopia; his son, Mizraim, went to Egypt; Canaan went to Canaan; Phut (Pwnt) went to Punt, which in Egyptian records, the fabulous land on the East coast of Africa, source of myrrh (which included present-day Somaliland, perhaps also Arabia. e Nag Hammadi Library is a collection of religious texts written by early Christians, known as Gnostics, who were excluded from the church as heretics. It is an invaluable source of Coptic lore, buried since 400AD in Nag Hammadi near Luxor in Egypt and discovered in 1945. Th e NUBIAN PHARAOHS AND MEROITIC KINGS 17 Apocalypse of Adam (v.5), one of the Nag Hammadi tracts cast a new light in the treatment of the fl ood biblical genealogy. “And God will say to Noah- whom all generations will call DeucalonBehold I have protected you in the ark. Th erefore I will give the earth to you and your son.” “Th en Noah will divide the whole earth among his sons Ham and Japhet and Shem. He will then say to them, “My sons listen to my words. I have divided the earth among you. But serve Him with all the days of your life. Let not your seed depart from the face of the Almighty.” “Th en others from the seed of Ham and Japhet will come Four thousand men, and enter another land and sojourn with those who come from the eternal knowledge. Th en the seed of Ham and Japhet will form twelve kingdoms of another people.”3 Th e strength of the Ethiopians or Kushites was detested to such a great degree, the prophet Isaiah, an agent of Yahweh (God), issued a proclamation to all: Disaster! Land of the whirring locust beyond the rivers of Cush, who send ambassadors by sea, in little reed- boats across the waters! NECIA DESIREE HARKLESS 18 to a nation tall and bronzed, a mighty and masterful nation.33 We are told in the Old Testament when the Queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon concerning the name of the lord; she came to him with questions. Kings 10:11 Th e queen, who was a virgin and pure, learning about the history of the world, heard of Solomon’s wisdom and was curious to see what she had heard about, set on a long journey from Axum to Jerusalem, in those days when land and sea were not controlled by easy transportation. She proved his wisdom both material and spiritual. 4. And God gave her what she desired... and this gift was a conception of Menelik I, the son of Solomon who is from the tribe of Judah, the descendant of Abraham, and this Menelik was to rule after her, hence the motto “Th e conquering Lion of the Tribes of Judah” which motto is the basis of the country’s faith and key to their ancestry. I Kings 10:1-13 5. We are told in the New Testament that our Lord ...has praised her journey she made to hear the Wisdom of Solomon. Luke 11: 13. The Temple of Wadi es-Sebua “Es Sebua (“Th e Lions”) was the third temple built by Rameses II ninety- three moles from Aswan. Part of the temple is cut from rock. Rameses II dedicated the temple to Re- Harakhte and to Amun as he considered he was a god, by this time. He also worshiped in the temple. Th e entrance to the temple was formed by an avenue of Sphinxes (from which es-Sebua derives its name) that led up to the south pylon before which stood two colossal statues of Rameses II. At the far end of the sanctuary and above the solar bark on which the beetle-headed Re-Harakhte, the solar god is seated under a canopy while he is seated under a canopy while he is being adored on the left by the king and on the right by three baboons. Below is a niche that still shows traces of the three chiseled statues of the temples. Th ree principal gods are painted over the picture of St. Peter.92 Queen Hatshepsut (1479-1457) also campaigned in Nubia. Th utmose III, her youthful coregent and stepson supplanted her. Th e Queen ruled as a king with ceremonial beard and a fi rm hand for twenty years. Th e temple built at Deir el Bahri was the outstanding monument of her reign. Th e walls display her important trading expedition to Punt. However, it was Th utmose III who extended the Egyptian frontier to the foot of the Holy Mountain at Gebel Barkal at the Fourth Cataract in his 47th regal year. His victory stele at Napata marked his triumph and the extent of the Egyptian frontier and in his temple of Amun-Re, he could boast of his satisfaction in both Egypt and Asia. Amenhotep IV (Akhnaten) (1352-1336) was a coregent with his father, Amenhotep the III, during his later reign. Amenhotep changed his name during his reign to Akhnaten, signifying his new devotion to the Sun god Aten, which was in confl ict with the Th eban god Amun, and the priesthood. Th e center of government remained at Th ebes while Akhnaten moved to Amarna with his beautiful wife Nefertari, and the adherents to the new religion that was a forerunner of Monotheism. Akhnaten built a temple at Karnak in honor of Aten. Th e gains made abroad were gradually diminished by lack of attention on the home front. Th e agreement of the factions of Aten and Amun seem to have begun under Semenekhara (1335-1332), who was coregent with Akhnaten for a short period. He was succeeded by Tutankhamon (1332-23) who was successful in returning the splintered worship of Amun to Th ebes. Th e death of Tutankhamon while still a youth made a place for an elderly noble named Ay (1323-1319) who legitimized his claim by marrying the widow of the deceased Alara’s prayer preserved in the Kawa VI relief refl ects his piety and his belief in the providence of the God Amun: O benefi cent god, swift, who calls upon him, look Upon my sister for me, a women born with me in one womb. Act for her (even) as you have acted for him [Alara] that acted For you , as a wonder, unpremeditated, and not disregarded by refl ective people. For you put a stop to him that plotted evil against me after you set me up as king A stela from Kawa, now located in the Ny Carlsberg Glypotek in Copenhagen, shows Alara making off erings to the god. Th e temple B at Kawa depicts the earliest post new Kingdom temple and affi rms that Alara was the fi rst signifi cant restorer of the Nubian Amun cult. Th e fi rst surviving sculptures of the dynasty are a series of ram sphinxes of heavy cut stone placed by Kashta by its pylon when he enlarged the mud-brick temple of Alara (B800) at Jebel Barkal. Kashta’s legitimacy as king was established through the installation of Alara’s sister as princess of Amun, which created the justifi cation for royal succession and facilitated the shared concepts of traditional Kushite practice with Egyptian concepts of kingship. Kashta was married to his sister Pebtatma indicated by her Abydos stela. Her roles are also given as Sistrum-player of Amen Re, King of the Gods, King’s sister, king’s daughter, mother of the Divine Adoratrice (Amenerdis I). Kashta was affi rmed king by the priests of Amun when he arrived in Th ebes. Adams posits that there was no suggestion of military activity connected with this visit. Pianhki (Piye) : conqueror and deliverer It was Pianhki, the son of Kashta, who completed the submission of Egypt. Th e Sandstone Stela of Piye (747 B.C.) records that Pianhki was appointed by Amun as lord of the Th rones of the Two Lands. Pianhki’s mother was Pebatma; sister was “Sistrum-player of Amun Re, King of the Gods and Mother of the Divine Adoratrice (Amenerdis I). Pianhki married Tabiry, sister of Kashta. Pianhki’s daughter was Shepenwepet II whom he installed when he became king, as God’ Wife of Amun Elect. His other daughters were Tabekenamun, Naparaye and Arty. His brother, Prince Pakartror, was buried at Abydos with the Kushite Royal wives of Kashta and Pianhki. Pianhki also had three sons: Khaluit, Taharqa and Piye-Har. Pianhki’s genius as titular King of Egypt, liturgical wizard in the synthesis of Egyptian and Kushite concepts of order as priest, and military might as general is captured in his Great Triumphal Stela from the Gebel Barkal Temple of Amun in the year 727 B.C. which is now in Cairo. Pianhki (Piye) : conqueror and deliverer It was Pianhki, the son of Kashta, who completed the submission of Egypt. Th e Sandstone Stela of Piye (747 B.C.) records that Pianhki was appointed by Amun as lord of the Th rones of the Two Lands. Pianhki’s mother was Pebatma; sister was “Sistrum-player of Amun Re, King of the Gods and Mother of the Divine Adoratrice (Amenerdis I). Pianhki married Tabiry, sister of Kashta. Pianhki’s daughter was Shepenwepet II whom he installed when he became king, as God’ Wife of Amun Elect. His other daughters were Tabekenamun, Naparaye and Arty. His brother, Prince Pakartror, was buried at Abydos with the Kushite Royal wives of Kashta and Pianhki. Pianhki also had three sons: Khaluit, Taharqa and Piye-Har. It has been noted in recent studies of horse skeletons from el Kurru by Bokonyi (1993) and the textual evidence of use of horses in Kushite warfare indicates that the fi nest horses used in contemporary Egypt and Assyria were bred and exported from Nubia. Th is splendid large stela of pink granite with a rounded top has a lunette relief which gives a pictorial summary of the event in the text that describes his wars fought under the protection of Amun bringing him the victory he envisioned. At the left of the lunette is Amun sitting on the throne with Mut the goddess standing behind Amun and Pianhki standing before him. King Namlot, of Hermopolis, is leading a horse in front of Pianhki shaking a sistrum in order to pacify him. Pianhki in the tradition of the pharaohs donated his tribute of war to the god NECIA DESIREE HARKLESS 130 Amun which was vast: “a mass of copper or turquoise as large as yourself, fi nest horses, gold, silver, lapislazuli, property of all kinds, suits of apparel made of byssus of every quality, and couches and coverlets of linen, and anti perfume, vases of unguent, metal vessels or gold ornaments for the neck, crowns for your head, gold vases for ceremonies of purifi cation, precious inlaid stones...” At Kawa, Pianhki added a colonnaded forecourt where his stelae could be erected and pylons to the temple of Amun and built a paved processional road. On the walls of the temple, the ancient thirty-year Sed festival is depicted showing the king restoring his powers. At Kurru, he is entombed in a pyramid with subterranean chamber accessed by a stairway, and his wife Tabiry is buried nearby. Th e horses that he loved were buried as well at Kurru with elaborate trappings of silver and gold. Th e reign of the conqueror lasted 30 years. Pianhki is also remembered from the Sandstone Stela by his speech: ‘Th e Son of Re, lord of Diadems, “beloved of Amun, Pi(anh)ki says: Amun of Napata has granted me to be ruler of every foreign country. He to whom I say, you are chief, he is to be chief. He to whom I say ‘You are not king !’ he is not King . Amun in Dominion (Th ebes) has granted me to be ruler of Black-land. ...Gods make a king, men make a king, But it is Amun who has made me Th e earliest throne name of Pianhki, as Lord of Two Lands was indicative of his godship and kingship. Shabataka assumed the reign of the Kingdom of Kush and Egypt, following the death of his father. His attested wife was Arty, a daughter of Pianhki. Shabataka was enthroned at Th ebes in the great temple of Amun. His titulary included “Whose appearances -endure, Beloved of Ptah and Beloved of Amun. Th is ‘shadowy king’ falls through the cracks of history as so little has been found to affi rm his reign. Th e Karnak Nile level record, year three of Shabataka, records that he arrived at Th ebes, the compound of Amun on the fi fth day of the fi rst month of summer in his third regal year. ============================ Hedjkheperre Setepenre Shoshenq I (reigned c. 943–922 BC)—also known as Sheshonk or Sheshonq I is presumed to be the Shishak (Shishak, Shishaq or Susac) mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. Sheshonq I was the son of Nimlot A, Great Chief of the Ma, and his wife Tentshepeh A, a daughter of a Great Chief of the Ma herself. The Meshwesh (often abbreviated in ancient Egyptian as Ma) were an ancient Libyan tribe of Berber origin from beyond Cyrenaica. According to Egyptian hieroglyphs, this area is where the Libu and Tehenu inhabited. Melachim I - I Kings - Chapter 3 All humans have been given the knowledge of good and evil. Our Creator bestowed Solomon the gift discerning whether the actions of others are good or evil. In return, the Creator had only the request that Solomon keep His statutes and My commandments. Melachim I - I Kings - Chapter 5 Melachim I - I Kings - Chapter 9 Ecclesiastes is presented as an autobiography of "Kohelet" (or "Qoheleth", meaning "Gatherer", but traditionally translated as "Teacher" or "Preacher"). Kohelet's story is framed by voice of the narrator, who refers to Kohelet in the third person, praises Solomon's wisdom, but reminds the reader that wisdom has its limitations and is not man's main concern. One reason the Kohelet is identified as Solomon is that at one time Solomon was the king of Israel, and Ecclesiastes 1:1 identifies the Preacher as “king in Jerusalem.” Also in agreement with Ecclesiastes 1:1, Solomon was a “son of David.” Kohelet - Ecclesiastes - Chapter 1 Abraham Lincoln quoted Ecclesiastes 1:4 in his address to the reconvening Congress on December 1, 1862, during the darkest hours of the American Civil War President Abraham Lincoln Second Annual Message December 1, 1862 Egyptian influence on Israel was particularly strong in the reign of Solomon who became the son-in-law to an Egyptian Pharaoh. It has been suggested that Neterkheperre or Netjerkheperre-setepenamun Siamun was the unnamed pharaoh of the Bible who gave in marriage his daughter to king Solomon in order to seal an alliance between Israel and Egypt. Neterkheperre was the sixth pharaoh of Egypt during the Twenty-first dynasty. He built extensively in Lower Egypt for a king of the Third Intermediate Period and is regarded as one of the most powerful rulers of the 21st Dynasty after Psusennes I. Netjerkheperre-Setepenamun, means "Divine is The Manifestation of Ra, Chosen of Amun" while his name means 'son of Amun (also Amon, Ammon, Amen).' Melachim I - I Kings - Chapter 9 King Solomon incorporated the teachings of Israel Egypt's Vizier Ptahhotep on how to keep good moral sense when making decisions. Ecclesiastes 10 Scripture presents Solomon had access to Egyptian and Babylonian literature. King Solomon's actions caused Israel to fall from the Creator's grace. Melachim I - I Kings - Chapter 11 Kohelet - Ecclesiastes - Chapter 12 While Solomon did pay for his transgressions here on earth, his last word of wisdom does offer hope for his possible Salvation. Shishak, Shishaq or Susac (Hebrew: שישק, Tiberian: [ʃiʃaq], Ancient Greek: Σουσακίμ, translit. Sousakim) was, according to the Hebrew Bible, an Egyptian pharaoh who sacked Jerusalem in the 10th century BCE. He is usually identified with the pharaoh Shoshenq I. Sheshonq I campaign against the Kingdom of Judah and his sack of Jerusalem is contained in the Hebrew Bible (1 Kings 14:25 and 2 Chronicles 12:1-12). According to these books of the Hebrew Bible, Shishak had provided refuge to Jeroboam during the later years of Solomon's reign, and upon Solomon's death, Jeroboam became king of the tribes in the north, which became the Kingdom of Israel. In the fifth year of Rehoboam's reign (commonly dated ca. 926 BCE[2]), Shishak swept through the Kingdom of Judah with a powerful army of 60,000 horsemen and 1,200 chariots, in support of his ally Jeroboam, the king of Israel. According to 2 Chronicles 12:3, he was supported by the Lubim (Libyans), the Sukkiim, and the Kushites ("Ethiopians" in the Septuagint). Shishak took away treasures of the Temple of Yahweh and the king's house, as well as shields of gold which Solomon had made;[3] Rehoboam replaced them with brass ones. According to Second Chronicles, Egyptian military conquests against Assyria and Israel, aided by Ethiopians are recorded in the Books of Kings, Acts, and the Chronicles. Mention is made of an Ethiopian army assisting Shishak ( Sheshonk) who ruled Egypt during the reign of Rehoboam, the King of Judah and the Son of Solomon. Shishak’s army swept across the land of Judah, with twelve hundred chariots and sixty thousand men, leaving in his wake fi re and destruction. Th e people of Lubim and Sukkim, and the Ethiopians are further described as a host with many horses and chariots. Subduing the Judeans in the south, Shishak continued north to Jerusalem, taking away the treasures of the king which included all of the gold shields which Solomon had made.31 Melachim I - I Kings - Chapter 14 Divrei Hayamim II - II Chronicles - Chapter 12

In Jefferson's 1817 letter to John Tyler, our nation's third president acknowledged the colonies use of Blackstone's common laws and the Will of the Creator in forming the the Republic of the United States. But, America's use of English common law was fashioned into a system that was more relevant to a government without a king. It was the Republic's cause of ascension of the rights of citizens over being ruled by a king that made the Declaration of Independence a necessary document to frame the Constitution to new Rules of Law. Thomas Jefferson to John Tyler, 17 June 1812 Locke, Bolingbroke, Blackstone, and Jefferson were well versed on Cicero, a Roman Philosopher that walked Earth 50 years before Jesus Christ. Thomas Jefferson to John Adams, 5 July 1814 On the Spirit of Patriotism Henry St. John Bolingbroke Cicero theorized how the moral sense of law bestowed by the Creator has enabled man to discern by reason what is virtue (good) and what is vice (evil). In The Political Works of Marcus Tullius Cicero, vol. 2 (Treatise on the Laws). Cicero defined the Law of Nature as the governing power of the Creator as both an equitable distribution of goods and discrimination of good and evil. Marcus Cicero believed in a Actively Involved Creator (Divine Providence) over a Do Nothing Creator (Prime Mover) defined by the Greek Philosopher Epicurus that walked this earth 200 years before him. Epicurus taught that pain and death are not evil unto themselves. Cicero believed in the immortality of the soul, and the tranquility of the good after death, and the punishment of the wicked defined by Plato. Epicurus also believed in divine beings, but man cannot be divine and should not expect anything good or bad to come from the gods. Epicurus taught that if one understands that he or she is not immortal, then one can be free of the fear of death and the pain caused from its coming. Epicurus Letter to Menoeceus Marcus Cicero agreed with Epicurus that death and pain are not evil unto themselves. But, he maintained that it was reason that links us to the Creator. It is this Provident Creator that generated man to transcend over the other creatures by reason and thought. And it is the right (successful) reason between the Creator and Man we find self evident, which we call Law. Epicurus believed that circumstance was the Prime Mover and Natural Order of matter. While Cicero maintained that through right reasoning we can take notice of the natural link between our indestructible spirit and our Creator through natural and morally just laws that derive from loving our associates. Epicurus taught that some outcomes happen out of necessity, others by chance, and our own through our own agency (course of action). Epicurus considered Law to be Truth as long as through Prudent Reasoning it is considered to be useful (Natural Justice and Honorable) and successful (pleasurable) to all parties (self evident). The chain of Epicurian reasoning has led us to now consider the infinite outcome reality of quantum self interest over one outcome reality of an outside Creative force of nature watching and interacting with us. It is in only the successful outcome of our decisions that those that believe in either a Provident Creator, a Prime Mover, or No God can agree. 50 years before Epicurus, a sage by the name of Aristotle tutor of Alexander the Great, argued that is through contrary outcomes that we can find Natural Justice. Nicomachean Ethics By Aristotle Another great orator that both born and died the same years as Aristotle (384 - 322 BC) by the name of Demosthenes led a failed revolt against Alexander the Great and took his life rather than being arrested. Demosthenes believed that unjust actions to be wicked and just actions to be good and honest. Demosthenes Against Aristocrates Section 75 Demosthenes argued that those who fail to see and act upon god given opportunities during their lifetime will be judged their denial of the divine good in them. Demosthenes Olynthiac 1 Section 11 Demosthenes and Aristotle would have known Socrates, the Great Greek philosopher that proceeded them. 600 years before Socrates, Aristotle and Demosthenes, the Israelite King Solomon wrote and shared words of wisdom to his people that a perfect weight on honest scales and balances are the Creator's will. Mishlei - Proverbs - Chapter 11 Proverbs 16 The Egyptian scale and balance concept of 'Ma’at' predated the Torah by 2000 years, but had a similar meaning of an active Creative Force of Nature involved in the scales and balances of Justice. Ma’at originated as a concept and evolved into belief in a goddess that was a manifestation of the Creator and Sun god, Amun Ra (Amun Re, Yamānu, Hidden One) to maintain truth, justice and natural universal order by balancing the flow of Ka (vital energy, life force, magic) from opposing powers. Ma’at is also a blatant counter force to the Egyptian term isfet (disorder). As a goddess, through the activation of the Ka (Heka) Ma’at was created by Amun Ra and opponent of Apepi (Aapep) the giant serpent and Lord of Chaos. Egyptians had no concept of Hell after death, Judgement came to those that followed Apepi and heart was not pure during life, their punishment was to devoured by the female demon Ammit into non-existence. In the Egyptian Book of the Dead, Maat represents the ethical and moral principle of truth and honor that every citizen was expected to follow throughout their daily lives. The soul, ka (vital energy, and Chu (Shu, breath of life) originated on earth and were connected to immortality. 300 hundred years before Solomon, the Egyptian Royal scribe, Hunefer made a copy of the funerary Egyptian Book of the Dead for Pharaoh Seti I. Like the Creator in Judaism, Thoth gives long life on earth and the promise of eternal life in the after world to those who are just. Book of the Dead of Hunefer Chapter CLXXXIII Papyrus of Un'neferu The relief portrait of Hammurabi can be found in the House Gallery in the United States Capitol Building. Hammurabi Code of Laws Stele. 500 hundred years before Hunefer, the Babylonian King ,Hammurabi (Khammurabi. Awil Kurda) inscribed his code of law on a stone stele. The Sky god Anu (An) is considered the Chief Justice of the seven gods ( Anunnaki) who reside in the underworld and judge the fate of mankind. It was It was Ea (Enki), the god of righteousness, who proposed to the council that a mortal man should be created to serve the gods. Anu and Ea assigned the Bel Marduk (Ea's son) to oversee the decrees of Anu on the fate of mankind with his Imhullu (divine wind storm weapon). The "Bel" title became associated with the Babylonian patron god Marduk, first as "Bel Marduk", but eventually being commonly used by itself, "Bel." Ea and his son, Lord (Bel) Marduk assigned lesser gods to oversee particular regions on earth and represent the mortals in the council of gods. Anu and Ea who bestowed on King Hammurabi the power to rule over the mortals with righteousness judgement over the wicked. Code of Hammurabi Prologue 1 Bêlit means lady or mistress in Akkadian language. Belet-Seri (also spelled Beletseri, Belit-Sheri, Belit-Tseri) in Babylonian and Akkadian mythology is an underworld goddess. The recorder of the dead entering the underworld, she is known as the "Scribe of the Earth". It is Belet-seri who keeps the records of human activities so she can advise the queen of the dead, Erishkigal, on their final judgement. Married to Amurru, the God of Nomads, she's known as 'Queen of the Desert. She is also known as Erua. She may be the same as Gamsu, Ishtar, Sarpanit May he lament the loss of his life-power, and may the great gods of heaven and earth, the Anunaki, altogether inflict a curse and evil upon the confines of the temple, the walls of this E-barra (the Sun temple of Sippara), upon his dominion, his land, his warriors, his subjects, and his troops. May Bel curse him with the potent curses of his mouth that can not be altered, and may they come upon him forthwith. Yirmiyahu - Jeremiah - Chapter 50 Yirmiyahu - Jeremiah - Chapter 51 Daniel - Chapter 5 Nabonidus suffered from a mental disease and insulted the Babylonian clergy by his monotheistic ideas. 4Q242 Prayer of Nabonidus Daniel - Chapter 6 Darius gives homage to the god Ahuramazda for protecting him DSe, foundation tablet from Susa This palace which I built at Susa, from afar its ornamentation was brought. Downward the earth was dug, until I reached rock in the earth. When the excavation had been made, then rubble was packed down, some 40 cubits in depth, another part 20 cubits in depth. On that rubble the palace was constructed. In 539 B.C. the great Persian king Cyrus conquered Babylon. His government was a Zoroastrian theocracy. Cyrus had a history of pretending to adopt a religion and then subverting it. King Cyrus had become popular among the residents of Babylon by posing as the one who would restore Marduk to his rightful place in the city. In Babylon his first act was to worship Marduk, claiming Marduk had sought a righteous prince and Cyrus was he. As far as the Babylonians were concerned, and evidently Cyrus concurred, Marduk was Ahuramazda. Zoroastrianism was monotheistic. Ahuramazda was the only god, but there was nothing that proclaimed that Ahuramazda was the Creator's only name. Cyrus was happy to adapt all the “Great Lords” of his empire into the one Great Lord. Later Cyrus mocked Marduk and had his image carted off. Cyrus Cylinder The Tyranny of Nabonidus The separation of church and state and freedom of religion Cyrus’s rule caught Thomas Jefferson’s attention. To Thomas Jefferson From Anne Cary Randolph Edgehill Jan. 21 1804 Cyropaedia: Education of Cyrus I by Xenophon Translated by Walter Miller Book 3 Wrong choice has its evil consequences, but as soon as one becomes wise enough to realize the folly, it is over. One is thereafter safe to learn how to replace wrong with right. Ahunavaiti Gatha Song 3 Cyrus Cylinder The Prince of Peace Ezra 1 Ezra 7 King Hammurabi prayed at the temple of Siggil (Marduk) and asked his Lord (Bel) Marduk to increase the riches of Babylonia and the main temple of Sin (god of the moon and the one who created Hammurabi) called Gish-shir-gal ; reestablish the sacred city of Eridu dedicated Lord (Bel) Ea; and purify Apsu (a god encompasses all fresh drinking water) that eternally sleeps due to a spell Ea placed upon him. The weighing of souls method of divine determination was found in the religion of the Kingdom of Elam, which covered the present Iranian southeastern part of Kosu (Khūzestān) and Faros (Fārs). Elamite states were among the leading political forces of the Ancient near East around 2000 BC. The "Elamites" spread their empire to west under King Chedorlaomer. The Elamites had struggled with the Assyrians for domination of Babylon. The great Babylonian dynasty of UR was brought to an end about 1950 BC by the Elamites, who destroyed the city and took its king prisoner. Many scholars believe that the Elamites empire boundaries included present day Taxila and the areas of Baluchistan and Sindh. When an individual was living in the light and on the earth, that person was loyal to the sun god Nahhunte. As soon as a person died, the two gods, Ishine Karab (Isme-karab) and Logmal (Lakamar, Lakamal, Laḫmal, Lagamar) would meet the individual in the realm of the shadows, and bring forth the being before Inshushinak who executed judgment on the soul. Ninsusinak (Inshushinak) was the national god of the Elamite Emprire and judge of the dead. The Assyrians and other Akkadian-speaking people knew him as Susinak. Nahhunte and Inshushinak are referred to as the gods of light and darkness, in other words, the earth and the realm of the dead. In the texts of the tribunal that are left of Elam , witnesses are almost always introduced by two gods: the devotees who were the god of the sun Nahhunte and the god of shadows inshushinak. The word "devotee" means the creator of the day, which was also the god of the execution of sentences. Encyclopedia Iranica ELAM vi. Elamite religion The image below shows the god Lagamal holding the Disc and Rod Image source: Plate 6.5, p.185. The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State (Cambridge World Archaeology) In the 1902 book, The Old Testament In the Light of The Historical Records and Legends of Assyria and Babylonia, Theophilus G. Pinches, writes that the Akkadian King Kudur-laḫmal (Kutir-Lagamar, Kudur-laḫ(gu)mal), is a translation variant of the Bible's King Chedorlaomer of Elam. The Kingdom of Elam was located in present day Iran, Northeast of Babylon and Southwest of Ur. In the 2015 book Moses and the Exodus Chronological, Historical and Archaeological Evidence, author Gerard Gertoux states that Lagamar is an Elamite deity. The 1995 article, Theology and Worship in Elam and Achaemenid Iran, Heidemarie Koch concurs with Gertoux that the name Lagamar is found in middle Elamite texts is Akkadian in meaning the god that shows "No Mercy" that accompanies the god Ishme-karab meaning "He who grants the prayer." In the 1971 book, The Cambridge Ancient History by Geredigeerd Door, two goddesses Ishine Karab and Logmal supported the god of oaths In-Shushinak (Insusiank, Nin-Suvina(k), Su'inak) in his position as 'judge of the dead.' Lakamar appeared in the later Elam middle period. In a legal context Lagamal would be the Prosecution, Ishmekarub would the Defense, and In Insusiank would be the Judge. The inscription is a standard one that celebrates Untash-Napirisha, king of Elam, in what is now Southwest Iran, from ca. 1275–1240 BCE. As translated, it reads (following Dan Potts [1999]): Another temple in Chogha Zanbil complex would be a "temple of the grove" (Holy Garden, Husa. Siyan Husame) dedicated to either In-Shushinak, Lagamal, or other underworld deities. The temple of the dead would face east as the sun rises with a sculpture of In-Shushinak in the front of the gate adorned with with a copper-covered cedar bar (Potts, Archaeology of Elam). The temple of the grove would act as a transition passage of the dead spirit to separate from the body to the underworld through sacred grove of fragrant trees with edible fruits, flowering plants, sculptures, and tombs that would surround the Ziggurat. The gateway may have symbolized the entrance of the dead person into the next world. From the Foundations to the Crenellations Essays on Temple Building in the Ancient Near East and Hebrew Bible Page 56 A tablet unearthed in 1854 by Austen Henry Layard in Nineveh reveals Ashurbanipal as an "avenger", seeking retribution for the humiliations the Elamites had inflicted on the Mesopotamians over the centuries. Ashurbanipal dictates Assyrian retribution after his successful siege of Susa: Although many gods were associated with the cult of the dead, three played a particularly important role: Inšušinak, the weigher of souls, and his two assistants, Išnikarab and Lagamal. death seems to have been the principal preoccupation of the Elamites. Most religious buildings were connected with the cult of the dead, and the principal gods were closely associated with the passage of the dead into the next world. The association of the grove with the funerary cult is certain from Aššurbanipal’s narration of the sack of Susa: (Aynard, 1957, pp. 56-57). https://www.ancient.eu/Ashurbanipal/ The Musée du Louvre Department of Near Eastern Antiquities: Mesopotamia A prism of the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal recounting his campaigns against Elam and the sacking of Susa These holy gardens were also the location where the sacrificial feast was held. In Europe they were the Celts, Germans, and Saxons, also had holy groves where they performed their religious rituals. A stele of Šilḫak-Inšušinak mentions there were nineteen Holy gardens across the entire Elamite empire. The one represented on the Nineveh relief is surmounted by three figures in the posture of prayer, which recalls an epithet of Kiririša: “lady of life, who has authority over the grove, the gateway, and he who prays” Brick with an inscription by Šilḫak-Inšušinak dedicated to the goddess Kiririša “lady of life." (published in Grillot & Vallat 1984) Collection National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK Museum no. NSM A.1960.228 Catalogue: 20140524 wagensonner CDLI no. P464356 https://www.penn.museum/documents/publications/expedition/PDFs/56-3/elamite-inscribed-brick.pdf National god of the Elamite Empire and consort of the mother goddess Pinikir. Inchushinak goddess: This temple, which is presented to the Goddess of Inchushinak, has 5 rooms, all of which are in a row. At the entrance to the temple, there is a crescent hinged of clay and mortar. Below the entrance to the gate of the temple, known as the "Gate Gate", there are bricks and windows that are located on either side of the gate. serpent deities Ninaza, Ningizzida, Tišpak, Ištaran and Inšušinak. http://www.livius.org/pictures/iran/susa/susa-museum-pieces/susa-dedication-to-insusinak/ https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323897#/media/File:Sit-Shamski_bronze_model_from_Susa_0149.jpg hoghaznbil was built in the early 13th century by the Elamite king "Ontas Nepiriha" near the river Dez, and was called "Dorovanes". Choghazenbil Temple is the largest architectural work left over from the Elamite civilization ever known The meaning of Darwin is Castle Ontash. Of course, in some of the texts, the cuneiform of this city, called "Al-Ontas", means the city of Ontash. In the center of the city, a huge temple is built in a state of the art, which today has two floors. This temple is called Dhiquarat, donated to two great Elamite gods, "Inchshinak" and "Nepiriha" At first, Inshushinak was given the title of the father of the weak and the king of the gods, but in the 12th century BCE, he was named by the names of the great servant, the great city servant, the great temple's supporter, the patron and the nurse, and eventually in the 8th century BC The title of the protectors of the gods of heaven and earth is called. The same text that is seen on many of the bricks of Choghazanbil's writings is: "May God Almighty come near, wishing to forgive his gifts, He spoke his words." he Elamite (Elamite) was used by Elam people in the Elam kingdom (Between 3200 BC and 539 BC), , An agglutinative word whose language lineage is unknown. The Elam language, an isolated word, was written in three kinds of letters. The oldest one is Elam pictograms, it assite kings often married off their daughters to the pharaoh in Egypt. In Chapter2 we saw that messengers mediated such a contract and that the girl could beanointed in Babylon as a token of her betrothal. In far-off Armenia a curious car-nelian cylinder seal was found in a grave. We can implicitly conclude that Chedorlaomer the king of Elam was a Servant of the god Lagamar. Abraham and Chedorlaomer: Chronological, Historical and Archaeological Evidence GŽrard GERTOUX last Elamite king of the Awan I dynasty was Kudur-Lagamar (1990-1954). Ashurbanipal, after his conquest of Elam and Susa ransacking, exposed (in 646 BCE) the capture of the goddess Nanaya (in Uruk) by Kudur-Lagamar which occurred around 1300 years earlier (in 1968 BCE). Chedoloamer. most likely resided in the Elamite Ziggurat complex Chogha Zanbil (Dur Untash) approximately 30 km (19 mi) south-east of Susa. Chogha Zanbil is one of the few existent Ziggurats outside Mesopotamia. A Ziggurat is the largest building in the center of town and part of a multi temple complex. The Chogha Zanbil Ziggurat originally measured 105.2 m on each side and about 53 m in height, in five levels, and was crowned with a temple Chedorlaomer’s vassal cities—Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboyim and Zoar—had become rebellious against him and it was time to exact vengeance. https://cdli.ucla.edu/pubs/cdln/php/single.php?id=45 Kiten (Akkadian kidinnu) denotes a protective shielding power that radiates from all dieties. With legal matters the kiten of the god In-shushinak united with the ruler judge violations of the law were committed. Any Elamite breaking an agreement would forfeit the protection of In-Shushinak will be outlawed and 'he shall pass by the graven image of the god and of the king' to be executed. https://books.google.com/books?id=FF5-7JVj4jYC&lpg=PA276&ots=Gem9XdejaO&dq="kiten" (protection)&pg=PA275#v=onepage&q="kiten" (protection)&f=false Now, what was Abraham doing hanging out near the oaks of Mamre near Jerusalem when news arrived that Lot was taken captive (v. 13)? He was in the area because he was likely a nomadic vassal to Melchizedek, king of Jerusalem. http://geekychristian.com/biblical-insights-from-archaeology/Understanding of the Elamite religion requires isolation in the Susian documentation of elements that can be compared with what is otherwise known from the Persian plateau and adjacent areas. . Tidal is a Hittite name. The original name Tudhaliya also appears in the Ugarit archives, and in Kimron’s opinion Tidal was the same as Tudhaliya II who conquered Syria. Onkelos translated Goyim not as a specific city but as meaning various nations; Ibn Ezra wrote likewise in his second commentary. In other words, Tidal ruled over several peoples. Rabbi Hertz claims that Tidal is the same as Tadgula, king of the Kurdish tribes, and Goyim is Gutium in Kurdistan. The gateway may have symbolized the entrance of the dead person into the next world. The one represented on the Nineveh relief is surmounted by three figures in the posture of prayer, which recalls an epithet of Kiririša: “lady of life, who has authority over the grove, the gateway, and he who prays” (Grillot and Vallat, 1984, p. 22). The gods to whom these gateways were dedicated were those most closely associated with the netherworld: Inšušinak (König, nos. 35, 36, 40), Išnikarab (König, no. 37), Lagamal (König, no. 30), and Napiriša and Inšušinak together (König, no. 79). It was also at the gateway of Inšušinak that Puzur-Inšušinak ordered the sacrifice of a sheep accompanied by chants, morning and evening (Scheil, 1902, p. 5). Some gods, particularly Inšušinak (whose name in Sumerian means “lord of Susa”), seem to have been specifically attached to Susa or Susiana; they include Išnikarab (Išmekarab, a god, not a goddess; W. G. Lambert, 1976-80), Lagamal (Lagamar; for variant signs, see Hinz and Koch), and Manzat (W. G. Lambert, 1989). http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/elam-vi Around 1767 B.C.E, Siwe-Palar-Khuppak formed a coalition with Zimri-Lim of Mari and Hammurabi of Babylon. He led this coalition against Eshnunna, conquering it and imposed direct rule from his sukkal Kudu-zulush in Susa.[2] This coalition turned against him as he attempted to expand his power into Babylon. Hammurabi, allied with Zimri-Lim, expelled the Elamite's forces from Eshnunna[2] In a clay tablet, Siwe-Palar-Khuppak refers to himself as "Governor of Elam" and "Enlarger of the Empire". It is speculated that the tablet was made after Siwe-Palar-Khuppak's defeat by Hammurabi's coalition, and that the title "Enlarger of the Empire" refers to conquests made to west in modern Iran to offset his defeat.[ Siwe-Palar-Khuppak - universally respected father of Elam Traces have been found on the inscribed bricks in Chaldea of a king Kudur mapula, who bears also the title of “ravager of the West.” Even nearer to the name is that of Kedar-el-Ahmar, or the red, a great hero in Arabian tradition. He was king of Elam. He appears as a settled king of great power, able to make war 2000 miles from his country, and holding other kings, among whom is the king of Babylon, under his supremacy. Tidal king of Goiim Tidal has been considered to be a transliteration of Tudhaliya In the Book of Genesis it is recorded that King Hammurabi (Amraphel) joined coalition of kings from Mesopotamia invaded Canaan and, in the process, took Lot captive. Amraphel is aligned with King Arioch (Eri-Aku), King Chedorlaomer (Kudur-laḫmal) and King Tidal (Tudhaliya ). Like allied coalitions (ie. Desert Storm) today, it was common practice for allied tribes and city states to accompany a powerful king during their conquests. Below is an excerpt from King Zimri-Lim of Mari. THE CAMBRIDGE ANCIENT HISTORY THIRD EDITION VOLUME II PART 1 HISTORY OF THE MIDDLE EAST AND THE AEGEAN REGION c. 1800-1380 B.C. EDITED BY I. E. S. EDWARDS F.B.A. Formerly Keeper of Egyptian Antiquities, The British Museum NORTHERN MESOPOTAMIA AND SYRIA page 10 Zimri-Lim was allied with Hammurabi in his wars against Elam, Eshnunna, and Larsa. Zimri-Lim lent troops to Hammurabi's campaigns, and although the two kept extensive diplomatic contacts, there are no records that ever met in person. After the defeat of Elam, there was no outside force to keep the precarious balance of power between the Kings of Mesopotamia. The alliance between Zimri-Lim and Hammurabi deteriorated after Babylon's conquest of Larsa. In 1762 BC, Hammurabi unified Babylonia, he conquered and sacked Mari (though it may be that the city had surrendered without a fight), despite the previous alliance. http://arabianprophets.com/?page_id=2158 The alliance of four states would have ruled over kingdoms that were spread over a wide area: from Elam at the extreme eastern end of the Fertile Crescent to Anatolia at the western edge of this region. Because of this, there is a limited range of time periods that match the Geopolitical context of Genesis 14. In this account, Chedorlaomer is described as the king to whom the cities of the plain pay tribute. Thus, Elam must be a dominant force in the region and the other three kings would therefore be vassals of Elam and/or trading partners. some scholars have concluded that Abraham's family may have been Amorites, a Semitic tribe that began to migrate out of Mesopotamiaaround 2100 B.C. The Amorites' migration destabilized Ur, which scholars estimate collapsed around 1900 B.C. Zimri-Lim's court were the communications from the gods. During his time. the variety of paths by which th e opinion of the gods was coaxed multiplied dramalically, and some exceptionally creative methods were launched in Zimri-Lim's own household. As a result of Charpin's insight, it became possible to imagine that when kings were predisposed for it, gods readily dispensed advice in channels other t han exti!\flicy. (Something similar occurred, for example, in the court of Esarhaddon and Assurbanipal of Assyria and probably also in the court of Zakkur of Hamatll.) If so, then prophecy need not origina le in a single area or period and need not follow a linear development. hut it could burst spontaneously and periodically. whenever rulers had doubts about the stability of their rule and whenever courtiers and administrators felt encouraged to comment on them. Not linearity, but opportunity. In a paper for the Birot memorial volume [FM 2], I explored the interplay between a divine message and those who were asked to communicate it to Zimri-Lim: in the palace, in the province, and beyond Mari's border. When they are transmitted from the palace, mostly through his wife, his sister, and his aunt (perhaps his mother), there is a tendency to also comment on them, frequently betraying a heightened sense of imminent danger that must be deflected by the king. This sort of fervor seems to dissipate as we move to the provinces, where bureaucrats dutifully (and mostly lackadaisically for that matter) transmitted divine messages to t he king. Yet we have no reason to believe that Zimri-Lim, despite his drive to know the will of god from as many sources as possible. ever felt obligated to follow the god's directives as channeled by prophets, visionary and dreamers. In fact, there is no evidence t hat he received their messages directly, but seemed content to ask people in diverse regional centers to keep their ears open (A RM 26 196), or to dispatch a trusted llpilum to investigate for him (via extispicy) oracles by Dagan of Terqa (ARM 26 199:8-9). But when Zimri-Lim really needed to learn what god wanted of h im at any particular moment, he turned to his resident-scholars, the b~rll-divin ers.76 And here is where I need to take a detour. Durand's pages in 26/1 on Mari divin ation are rich in documents as in comments.1l When diviners inspected the innards of a sheep for signs, what they saw was no longer a cluster of bloodied orgllns, but a tapestry of divine signs. Their perspective, therefore, was closest to that of astrologers of later times who drew insights from the shifting correspondences of heavenly orbs. https://my.vanderbilt.edu/jacksasson/files/2014/06/Sasson-About-Mari-the-Bible-RA92-1998.pdf There were periods when Elam was allied with Mari through trade.[16] Mari also had connections to Syria and Anatolia, who, in turn, had political, cultural, linguistic and military connections to Canaan.[17] The earliest recorded empire was that of Sargon, which lasted until his grandson, Naram Sin.[ we must keep in mind the possibility, that if the Babylonian king considered that disaster had in any way overtaken his arms, he may not have recorded it at all. Then there is the fact, that the expedition was undertaken in conjunction with allies—Chedorlaomer, Tidal, and Arioch—for none of whom, in all probability, Ḫammurabi had any sympathy. The Elamite was a conqueror from a land over which the Babylonians of earlier ages had held sway, and Arioch had dominion over a neighbouring tract, to which Ḫammurabi himself laid claim, and over which, as the texts above translated show, he afterwards ruled. Ḫammurabi, moreover, claimed also the West-land—mât Amurrī, the land of Amurrū—as his hereditary possession, and he found himself obliged to aid Chedorlaomer, Tidal, and Arioch to subjugate it—indeed, it was Chedorlaomer whom the five kings had acknowledged for twelve years as their overlord, and against whom, in the thirteenth, they rebelled. It is, therefore, likely that Ḫammurabi regarded himself as having been forced by circumstances to aid Chedorlaomer to reconquer what really belonged to Babylonia, and the probability that he would cause it to be used as one of the events to date by, is on that account still less, even if the news of any success which he might have considered himself entitled to reached his own domain in time to be utilized for such a purpose. when two tablets were referred to at the Congress of Orientalists held at Geneva in 1894 as containing the names Tudḫula, Êri-Eaku (Êri-Ekua), and another name read doubtfully as Kudur-laḫ(gu)mal, no publicly-expressed objection to their possible identification with Tidal, Arioch, and Chedorlaomer [pg 223] was made. The names were placed before the Semitic section of the Congress of Orientalists referred to, as recent discoveries, which were certain as far as they went, their identification being a matter of opinion. spelled Eri-e-a-ku in the Babylonian cuneiform script, stood for the original Sumerian ERI.AKU, meaning "Servant of the god Aku," Aku being a variant of the name of Nannar/Sin. It is known from a number of inscriptions that Elamite rulers of Larsa bore the name "Servant of Sin There's only one Hamor mentioned in the Bible and he was a Hivite ruler (נשיא, nasi') and father of Shechem (in Acts 7:16 Stephen equates Hamor with Ephron). When Jacob returned from Paddan-aram and wanted to settle in Canaan, he bought land from Hamor and built the altar named El-Elohe-Israel (Genesis 33:19). At some point, Jacob's only daughter Dinah, the sister of the twelve tribal patriarchs of Israel, went to the nearby town of Shechem to visit the Hivite women. She was noticed by prince Shechem, who fell in love with her and decided to express his feelings by raping her (34:2). Still, Hamor went to Jacob to ask for Dinah as a wife for Shechem, but Jacob's sons told Hamor that he and his people would have to be circumcised for their two families to intermarry. I was curious about this expression, especially in light of the fact that it is in this city that we find the remains of the temple of Baal Berith (“Lord of Covenant”), the chief deity of Shechem during most of the Bronze Age. The name Hamor is the same as the noun חמור (hamor), meaning ass or donkey, or more literal: red-one, from the root חמר (hamar III), meaning to be red: It appears to us here at Abarim Publications that to the Hebrews the color red denoted the rudiments or principal beginnings of civilization (and see our article on the Red Sea for a discussion on how the ancients saw the color red), whereas muddy substances metaphorized the transitional phase between ignorance (water) and understanding (dry land). or a meaning of the name Hamor, both NOBSE Study Bible Name List and Jones' Dictionary of Old Testament Proper Names read Ass and BDB Theological Dictionary has He-Ass. Most literally, however, the name Hamor means Red One. Note that the color red signified the first stage of human civilization, and is connected to both Israel's Hivite nemesis as to Israel's national brother Edom (from Esau, Jacob's brother). Shechem /ˈʃɛkəm/, also spelled Sichem (/ˈsɪkəm/; Hebrew: שְׁכָם‬ / שְׁכֶם‬ Standard Šəḵem Tiberian Šeḵem, "shoulder"), was a Canaanite city mentioned in the Amarna letters, and is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible as an Israelite city of the tribe of Manasseh and the first capital of the Kingdom of Israel.[1] Traditionally associated with Nablus,[2] it is now identified with the nearby site of Tell Balata in Balata al-Balad in the West Bank. Shechem first appears in the Hebrew Bible in Genesis 12:6-8, which says that Abraham reached the "great tree of Moreh" at Shechem and offered sacrifice nearby. Genesis, Deuteronomy, Joshua and Judges hallow Shechem over all other cities of the land of Israel.[6] According to Genesis (12:6-7) Abram "built an altar to the Lord who had appeared to him ... and had given that land to his descendants" at Shechem. The Bible states that on this occasion, God confirmed the covenant he had first made with Abraham in Harran, regarding the possession of the land of Canaan. In Jewish tradition, the old name was understood in terms of the Hebrew word shékém — "shoulder, saddle", corresponding to the mountainous configuration of the place. On a later sojourn, two sons of Jacob, Simeon (Hebrew Bible) and Levi, avenged their sister Dinah's rape by "Shechem the son of Hamor the Hivite, the prince of the land" of Shechem. Shimon and Levi said to the Shechemites that, if “every male among you is circumcised, then we will give our daughters to you and take your daughters to ourselves.”[7] Once the Shechemites agree to the mass circumcision, however, Jacob's sons repay them by killing all of the city's male inhabitants.[8] Following the settlement of the Israelites in Canaan after their Exodus from Egypt, according to the biblical narrative, Joshua assembled the Israelites at Shechem and asked them to choose between serving the god who had delivered them from Egypt, the gods which their ancestors had served on the other side of the Euphrates River, or the gods of the Amorites in whose land they now lived. The people chose to serve the god of the Bible, a decision which Joshua recorded in the Book of the Law of God, and he then erected a memorial stone "under the oak that was by the sanctuary of the Lord" in Shechem.[9] The oak is associated with the Oak of Moreh where Abram had set up camp during his travels in this area.[10] Shechem and its surrounding lands were given as a Levitical city to the Kohathites.[11] Owing to its central position, no less than to the presence in the neighborhood of places hallowed by the memory of Abraham (Genesis 12:6, 7; 34:5), Jacob's Well (Genesis 33:18-19; 34:2, etc.), and Joseph's tomb (Joshua 24:32), the city was destined to play an important part in the history of Israel.[citation needed] Jerubbaal (Gideon), whose home was at Ophrah, visited Shechem, and his concubine who lived there was mother of his son Abimelech (Judges 8:31). She came from one of the leading Shechemite families who were influential with the "Lords of Shechem" (Judges 9:1-3, wording of the New Revised Standard Version and New American Bible Revised Edition).[12] A form of Ba'al-worship prevailing in Israel (Judges viii. 33), and particularly in Shechem (Judges ix. 4). The term "Ba'al" is shown by the equivalent "El-berith" (Judges ix. 46, R. V.) to mean "the God of the Covenant." In considering what the covenant (or covenants) was over which this Ba'al presided, it must not necessarily be concluded that certain definite treaties of the time were alone referred to, such as the Canaanitic league of which Shechem was the head, or the covenant between Israel and the people of Shechem (Gen. xxxiv.). The term is too abstract to have been occasioned by a single set of conditions. Moreover, the temple of the god (Judges ix. 4, 46) in Shechem implies a permanent establishment. Probably the name and the cult were wide-spread and ancient (see Baalim), though it happens to have been mentioned only in connection with the affairs of Shechem. —In Rabbinical Literature: The idol Baalberith, which the Jews worshiped after the death of Gideon, was identical, according to the Rabbis, with Baal-zebub, "the ba'al of flies," the god of Ekron (II Kings i. 2). He was worshiped in the shape of a fly; and so addicted were the Jews to his cult (thus runs the tradition) that they would carry an image of him in their pockets, producing it, and kissing it from time to time. Baal-zebub is called Baal-berith because such Jews might be said to make a covenant (Hebr. "Berit") of devotion with the idol, being unwilling to part with it for a single moment (Shab. 83b; comp. also Sanh. 63b). According to another conception, Baal-berith was an obscene article of idolatrous worship, possibly a simulacrum priapi (Yer. Shab. ix. 11d; 'Ab. Zarah iii. 43a). This is evidently based on the later significance of the word "berit," meaning circumcision. “Those who were bound under the covenant having participated in this ritual became ‘sons of Hamor’ (‘sons of the ass’). The covenant of Hamor ‘was almost certainly related to Baal-Berith, who was the chief god of the city’… Toorn, K. Van Der, Bob Becking and Pieter Willem Van Der Horst. 1999. Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible. Leiden; Boston; Grand Rapids: Brill ; Eerdmans. p.143 And given Shechem (שכם) means “shoulder”, the expression “Hamor, father of Shechem”(חמור אבי שכם), can also be read “Hammurabi’s shoulder” (חמוראבי שכם). This expression therefore suggests that Shechem was the ally of Babylon when it formed a covenant with king Hammurabi. In fact, standing “shoulder to shoulder” is something one does in times of a deadly threat and against an enemy. And I do explain in the book how Hammurabi was motivated to make a covenant with Abraham in order to secure control over the remote Valley of Siddim. Finally, the name Dinah (דינה) is the feminine of “din” (דין), which means “law” in reference to the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible, which includes the Torah (i.e. the original five books of the Old Testament). Clearly, the Shechemites wanted to continue serving the family of “Hamor, Shechem’s father” or “Hammurabi’s shoulder” (חמוראבי שכם), which presumably could be referring to the legitimate descendants of Abraham, Hammurabi’s ally, and still referred to as the “father” of the faith to this day. http://www.pseudepigrapha.com/jubilees/30.htm Jacob's acquisition of land at Shechem (Gen. 33:19; cf. 48:22) and the connubium between the sons of Jacob and the sons of Hamor (as the Shechemites were then called) imply certain covenant agreements. Moreover, the strange name, "sons of Hamor" ( benei hamor, "sons of the ass"), who is said to be the "father of Shechem" (Gen. 34:6), seems to have something to do with covenant making. From the *Tell-el-Amarna Letters (c. 1400 B.C.E.) it is known that there was a strong Hurrian element in Shechem. The Septuagint is therefore probably correct in reading hhry ("the Horite," i.e., the Hurrian) instead of hhwy ("the Hivite") of the Masoretic Text in describing the ethnic origin of "Shechem" (Gen. 34:2); moreover, the uncircumcised Shechemites (Gen. 34:14, 24) were most likely not Semitic Canaanites (see E. A. Speiser, op. cit., 267). It is also known that the slaughtering of an ass played a role among the Hurrians in the making of a covenant. Thus, Baal-Berith or El-Berith may have been regarded by the Shechemites as the divine protector of covenants. Did the early Israelites perhaps regard El-Berith as the God of the covenant made between YHWH and Israel? It is a noteworthy fact that Joshua, who had apparently been able to occupy the region of Shechem without force because Israelites who - many scholars believe - had never been in Egypt were already iiving there, renewed the Covenant of Sinai with all Israel precisely at Shcchem, the city sacred to El-Berith, " the God of the Covenant" (Josh. 8:30-35; 24:1-28). Therefore, even though the late Deuteronomist editor of the Book of Judges (it is conjectured by the adherents of the documentary hypothesis) considered Baal-Berith one of the pagan Canaanite Ba'alim, this term may well have been regarded in early Israel as one of the titles of YHWH. Other terms such as "killing an ass" sheds light on customs which prevailed in patriarchal times and later. The idiom "to kill an ass," khayaram qatalum, is not Akkadian at all, but both words occur in Hebrew and indicated the sacrifice which accompanied the oath of alliance. The connection between sacrificing as ass and concluding a covenant seems to have been preserved by the Shechemites, with whom Jacob and his sons had such unpleasant dealings (Gen. 33:19; 34:1-31). Called the Bene Hamor, "sons of the ass" (Josh. 24:32), their tribal deity was Baal-Berith, "Lord of the covenant" (Judg. 9:4). Later, at the time of Conquest the Bene Hamor of Shechem were, it seems, like the four towns of the Gibeonite confederacy (Josh 9:1ff.), added to Israel by treaty, to judge from various early references to them and their god Baal-Berith." Joseph Vicek Kozar, who reads the narrative as supporting the brothers’ actions, 485 suggests that the significance of interethnic relations is substantiated by symbolic imagery within the story. He points out that the homonym of Hamor’s name (rwmx) is donkey, an animal that “lives among the herd but is not one of them, lacking cloven hooves and not chewing the cud.” 486 This, coupled with the fact that “[a]t the time of Dinah’s rape, her brothers are out with the cattle (34:5),” 487 illumines the resultant confrontation: “The…clash of cultures (and slaughter) shows that the sons of herds and flocks cannot conduct social intercourse with the sons of the ass. This symbolism underlies the group or tribal nature of the events behind the story.” 488 Like Sternberg, Kozar also retrojects later narrative concerns of Israelite interethnic relations onto the clash between the ancestral family and the Hivites. He concludes that Dinah symbolizes Israel and Shechem represents the larger Canaanite culture, and that the story illustrates the danger of Israel’s “being absorbed by the larger Canaanite culture.” 489 Douglas Earl echoes this symbolic thinking in his own analysis, according to which “Dinah symbolizes Israel and Shechem the nations.” 490 The narrative, Earl suggests, “serves to evoke affectually the disastrous consequences of exogamy and mingling, and the zeal with which exogamy is to be avoided. Shechem’s act is evaluated as disgraceful and unacceptable. This transfer is presented as a pretext for the text to come.” 492 The narrator’s repeated use of )m+, furthermore, invokes a “cultic and ritual cognitive domain” 493 (again an Israelite domain) that suggests that Shechem and the Hivites threaten the ancestral family with their outsiders’ impurity. Finally, the continuation of the narrative in Gen 35, in which Jacob commands his household to rid itself of its foreign gods, strengthens the negative socioreligious associations of Shechem. Where Jacob goes next, Bethel, stands in stark contrast: “Bethel, the place where Jacob met his God, represents the ideal of one place, one people and one God. It is opposed to the other place, Shechem, with alien people and alien gods, who have to be buried.” 494 Thus the Dinah interlude is the “hinge” of the ideological reversal from the preceding narrative’s “context of peace and mutual understanding with the Canaanites” to “a mono-ethnic position embedded in a mono-religious position.” 495 Indeed, as van Wolde notes, in Gen 35 the ancestral blessing undergoes a notable revision, as “the blessing of other people is not mentioned any more,” implying that the ancestral family is now the exclusive inheritor of the land BAAL-BERITH (Baʹal-beʹrith) [Owner of a Covenant; once, at Jg 9:46, El-berith, God of a Covenant]. The Baal of Shechem, whom the Israelites began worshiping after the death of Judge Gideon. (Jg 8:33) The designation “Baal-berith” may denote that this particular Baal was believed to watch the keeping of covenants. A kind of treasury was evidently attached to the house or temple of Baal-berith at Shechem. (Jg 9:4) In connection with the grape harvest, the Shechemites apparently held a festival in honor of Baal-berith, climaxed by a kind of sacrificial meal in the temple of their god. It was in the temple of Baal-berith on the occasion of their eating and drinking and cursing Abimelech, likely under the influence of wine, that Gaal incited the Shechemites to revolt against King Abimelech. (Jg 9:27-29) Later, when threatened by Abimelech, the landowners of the tower of Shechem (Migdal-Shechem, AT) sought refuge in the vault of the house of El-berith (Baal-berith), only to perish in the conflagration when Abimelech and his men set the vault on fire.—Jg 9:46-49. Solomon understood that being submissive to the Creator and generous to other will be blessed with long life. Mishlei - Proverbs - Chapter 22 Hammurabi ruled as king of Babylonia Marduk's original character is obscure but he was later associated with water, vegetation, judgment, and magic - Religions of The Ancient Near East Sīn /ˈsiːn/ or Suen (Akkadian: ?? Su'en, Sîn) or Nanna (Sumerian: ??? DŠEŠ.KI, DNANNA) was the god of the moon in the Mesopotamian religions of Akkad, Assyria and Babylonia. - He is commonly designated as En-zu, which means "lord of wisdom". Sīn was also called "He whose heart can not be read" and was told that "he could see farther than all the gods". It is said that every new moon, the gods gather together from him to make predictions about the future. - Nana - Babylonian Moon God. http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/section1/tr121.htm Utu[a] later worshipped by East Semitic peoples as Shamash, was the ancient Mesopotamian god of the sun, . Anu was believed to be the supreme source of all authority, for the other gods and for all mortal rulers, The local god was Zamama, the Tammuz-like deity, who, like Nin-Girsu of Lagash, was subsequently identified with Merodach of Babylon. Ninazu in Sumerian mythology was a god of the underworld, and of healing. the divine king of the city; the White, Wise; who broadened the fields of Dilbat, who heaped up the harvests for Urash; the Mighty, the lord to whom come scepter and crown, with which he clothes himself; the Elect of Ma-ma; who fixed the temple bounds of Kesh, who made rich the holy feasts of Nin-tu; the provident, solicitous, who provided food and drink for Lagash and Girsu, who provided large sacrificial offerings for the temple of Ningirsu; who captured the enemy, the Elect of the oracle who fulfilled the prediction of Hallab, who rejoiced the heart of Anunit; the pure prince, whose prayer is accepted by Adad; who satisfied the heart of Adad, the warrior, in Karkar, who restored the vessels for worship in E-ud-gal-gal; the king who granted life to the city of Adab; the guide of E-mach; the princely king of the city, the irresistible warrior, who granted life to the inhabitants of Mashkanshabri, and brought abundance to the temple of Shidlam; the White, Potent, who penetrated the secret cave of the bandits, saved the inhabitants of Malka from misfortune, and fixed their home fast in wealth; who established pure sacrificial gifts for Ea and Dam-gal-nun-na, who made his kingdom everlastingly great; the princely king of the city, who subjected the districts on the Ud-kib-nun-na Canal to the sway of Dagon, his Creator; who spared the inhabitants of Mera and Tutul; the sublime prince, who makes the face of Ninni shine; who presents holy meals to the divinity of Nin-a-zu, who cared for its inhabitants in their need, provided a portion for them in Babylon in peace; the shepherd of the oppressed and of the slaves; whose deeds find favor before Anunit By making a persuasive art-historical case for beginning their study with our earliest civilizations, they demonstrate the cross-cultural, cross-temporal universality of some persistently compelling themes, such as the image of the scales, a judicial motif attested in both ancient Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt.2 Picked up as well in ancient Greece, the scales are hefted aloft in the hands of embodied goddesses, who in the seventeenth century C.E. acquired a blindfold, s Law Stele of Hammurabi, Literally thousands of clay tablets documenting legal transactions have survived from ancient Mesopotamia. from around 1792 to around 1750 B.C.E. His reign is distinguished for political consolidation of territories neighboring his city-state of Babylon, which he brought under control through a combination of successful military engagements and the calculated making and breaking of diplomatic treaties." The "laws" that are probably the best known are those that seem to offer strong parallels to the Biblical precepts of justice, and are held up as exemplifying the principle of retributive justice, for example: § 196 If a freeman has blinded the eye of another freeman, his eye shall be blinded. § 197 If he has broken the bone of another freeman, his bone shall be broken. § 198 If he has blinded the eye of a dependent or broken the bone of a dependent, he shall pay sixty shekels of silver. § 199 If he has blinded the eye of a slave of a freeman, or broken the bone of a slave of freeman, he shall pay one-half his value in silver.22 It is this section that generally receives the most attention from legal and Biblical scholarship interested in ancient legal codes and covenants.23 Compare the Book of Exodus, 21:22: "If any harm follows, then you shall give life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, burn for burn, wound for wound, stripe for stripe." C. The Relief Sculpture The sculpted relief depicts Shamash, the Mesopotamian sun god, seated facing left, and king Hammurabi, who, standing, faces right.26 Shamash is identified as a divinity by the stylized horned crown he wears and as the sun god by the wavy-line "rays" emanating from his shoulders and the surface detail of his footstool evoking mountainous terrain-the eastern and western locales of his rising and setting. As sun god, Shamash is the Mesopotamian deity of light and illumination, and by logical extension, the god of justice who illuminates the true situation. In addition to "rays," his frequent attribute is a saw, with which he opens the mountains at daybreak and sunset and with which he separates truth from falsehood. Here, instead, he extends or displays to Hammurabi the so-called "Rod and Ring," which occupies the center of the visual field. Opposite the god, Hammurabi is marked by his hea In the voice of Hammurabi, the Epilogue summarizes Hammurabi's purpose in erecting the monument: In order that the mighty not wrong the weak, to provide just ways for the orphan and the widow, I have inscribed my precious pronouncements upon my stele and set [them] before my image, the just king, in the city of Babylon . . .. By the order of [the god] Marduk, my lord, may my engraved design not be confronted by someone who would remove it. May my name always be remembered faithfully in the Esagil temple which I love. 32 Let any man who has a lawsuit come before my image, the just king, and have my words read out loud; let him hear my precious words, let my monument reveal to him the case. Let him see his judgment, let his heart become soothed [reciting the following short prayer]: "Hammurabi, lord, who is like a father and begetter to his people, submitted himself to the command of (the god) Marduk, his lord, and achieved victory everywhere. He gladdened the heart of Marduk, his lord, and he secured the eternal well-being of the people and provided just ways for the land. "3 In one Akkadian period cylinder seal, Shamash sits enthroned before a set of scales, tipping the balance of justice (presumably) in accordance with the petitions of his worshippers, who bring an animal offering before the god (Black 1992: 182-4) throne. Shamash and his wife, Aya, had two important children. Kittu represented justice, and Misharu was law. Every morning, the gates in the East open up, and Shamash appears. He travels across the sky, and enters the gate in the West. He travels through the Underworld at night in order to begin in the East the next day the god Misharu, whose name means "Justice". Holland 2009, p. 115. The Phoenician Sydyk was equated with Roman Jupiter, and hence it has been suggested that Sydyk was connected to the worship of the planet Jupiter as the manifestation of justice or righteousness. the Babylonian Shamash has two sons called respectively Kettu (which, like Sedeq, means "righteousness") and Misharu ("rectitude"). These two deities are mentioned also in the Sanchoniatho fragments of Philo Byblios under the names of Sydyk and Misor, as culture-heroes who have discovered the use of salt. Phoenician inscriptions have Sedeqyathan, "Sedeq gave," as a personal name, as well as combinations of Sedeq with Ramman and Melek. Fr. Jeremias thinks that Sydyk and Misor were respectively the spring and autumn sun in sun-worship and the waxing and waning moon in moon worship. translated as truth, equity, justice kittu as truth Shamas often had a special saw Shamash the judge of heaven and earth had a special saw, call the shasharu. Mesopotamian Scales circa 2350 O Sun, when though goes to rest in mid-heaven May the bars of bright heaven speak peace to thee, May the gateway of of heaven approach thee May Misharu, they loving herald, direct thy pathway Of course Babylonian and Assyrian words may not always have the same content as our words "righteousness" and "truth," but the words kittu and misharu, which we render by "righteousness" and "truth", are derived from kanu, "to be firm," and eshem, "to be straight," respectively; and judging from what was considered "right" and "true," or kittu and misharu, there is no reason for that the standard was very hight misharu, represented the law May Misharu, thy well-beloved servant, guide aright thy progress, so that ebarra The West Semitic name Ammi-Saduqa is translated into Akkadian as Kitum-kittum showing an equivalence of meaning between the West Semitic ṣ-d-q and the Akkadian kittu. Kittu was similarly paired with the god Misharu whose name is a cognate of Misor, meaning "justice". Shamash and the mother of Misharu (god of law and order) and Kittu (god of justice). Aa (A, Anunit, Aya) In Near Eastern mythology (Babylonian-Assyrian), consort of the sun god Shamash, sometimes called Makkatu (mistress; queen). Originally Aa may have been a local male sun god whose gender was changed when the worship of the major sun god, Shamash, took precedence, the minor god becoming the female consort of Shamash. Her attendants were Kittu (truth) and Misharu (righteousness). Misharu, ---, God of law. Son of Aa. instead he became the spokesman for the nation (kemit), heavily indebtedto fairness and truth (maat in Egypt, kittu and misharu in Mesopotamia) Truth or Right was personified and deified as the god Kittu (‘Truth’, ‘Right’; from the Akkadian root kanu. Kittu was often invoked together with the god Misharu (‘Justice’). One or both of these deities was described as ‘seated before Shamash’, i.e. Shamash’s attendant, or as ‘the minister of (Shamash’s) right hand.’ Depictions of Shamash show him holding a ring of coiled rope and a rod, objects ascribed to surveyors and therefore, when linked to rulership, denoting the act of setting things right. The Akkadian words kittu and misharu, translated into English as “truth,” “equity,” or “justice,” describe the “straightening out” of a situation whose equilibrium, put out of balance, had become “crooked.” 2 Shamash is associated with two divinities personifying justice and equity, Kittu and Misharu, which are in fact two deified conceptions of "justice", the exact meaning of which is debated. According to D. Charpin, Hammu-Rabi of Babylon , Paris, 2003, p. 206-207, kittum would be "justice as guardian of public order", and mišarum "justice as restoration of equity" mi-ish-ri-c(!) ish-ru-16%-6-shd. Mi-ish-ri-e I take as a plural of misharu = mishru (ef. cpiru, epru; gimiru, gimru; Delitesch, Gram., p. 105, $45), “righteousness" (hence not of meshril, "riches," H. B. W., p. F88a), and dumqi, on nceount of the pardlclism, in the sense 0 The Egyptian goddess of truth and justice was Maat, who represented “the order which rules the world through balance.” PATRICIA TURNER & CHARLES RUSSELL COULTER, DICTIONARY OF ANCIENT DEITIES 298 (Oxford Univ. Press 2001) (2000). The Sumerian god of truth was Kittu, but, interestingly, his job title did not include justice; that job was his brother’s, Misharu. See James W. Bell, Sumerian Gods, Demons & Immortals Whose Names Start with “K”, http://www.jameswbell.com/geog0050knames.html (last visited March 29, 2007). Addanari is the Hindu goddess of truth, nature, and religion. TURNER & COULTER, supra, at 14. Shiva, among her many other jobs, is also associated with truth. Id. at 427. They were believed to have two offspring: the goddess Kittu, whose name means “Truth”, and the god Misharu, whose name means “Justice”. Utu’s charioteer Bunene is sometimes described as his son. Bunene was worshipped independently from Utu as a god of justice in Sippar and Uruk during the Old Babylonian Period. n the Hebrew Bible, and Kittu in the Babylonian pantheon, who is often invoked with Misharu. 768 Both of these Babylonian deities are described as being seated before Shamash or the minister of Shamash’s right hand.769 M Shamash and his wife Sherida (Aya for Akkadians and Babylonians) had two important sons. Kittu represented justice, and Misharu was the law. Its main sanctuary was in the city of Sippar. Every morning, the eastern doors opened, and Shamash appeared. He traveled around the sky, and entered the west gate Shamu / Kittu, Truth revealed (Shamu), Truth understood (Kittu) Misharu, Justice at work in view of truth, Dayyanu, Judgment that discerns truth Truth or Right was personified and deified as the god Kittu (‘Truth’, ‘Right’; from Akk root kânu, cf. Heb root KWN). Kittu was often invoked together with the god Misharu (‘Justice’)… One or both of these deities were described as ‘seated before Shamash’, i.e. Shamash’s attendant, or as ‘the minister of (Shamash’s) right hand’. . . it appears that the deity known as Kittu in Babylonia was known further to the West under the names Išar and Ṣidqu/ Zedek—all three names having essentially the same meaning but operative in different linguistic communities… West Semitic personal names containing the root SDQ are attested at m Fortress Press, 1998] 66-67). Also, the Babylonian gods Kittu “Righteousness” and Misharu “Justice” parallel to the West Semitic gods Sedheq and Misor In this function Shamash is associated with gods personifying justice and equality, and Kittu Misharu, who actually deifies two notions of "justice", the exact meaning of which is discussed and Dayyanu god. The Great Hymn to Shamash already explicitly mentioned the role of the god of justice, the guardian of good decisions and honest behavior and punishments of unjust and dishonest behavior: Great Hymn to Shamash, translation MJ Seux.

Thomas Jefferson Letter to the Danbury Baptist association in the state of Connecticut 1 January 1802. Jefferson the “wall” metaphor to refer to expunging all references to God, the Bible, and Christianity from public life. He found respecting the moral authority but not necessarily the divinity of Jesus to be the way to separate establishing legal authority from executive authority of the citizens. And judicial authority to be used only when requested by the government or its citizens. Jesus read from the Torah and how to live in peace within a Republican form of government and still obey the Law given by Moses. Matthew 22 Exodus 18 Leviticus Deuteronomy Throughout history there has been a steady change on what We as a Body (People) believe as a nation. The Church as a body of all faiths has become more confederated, progressive and less moral condemning in succumbing to our human passions. Science has grown and intertwined with Church and Morality in our understanding of human Behavior that it too has become confederated by human passion. The Union of the States remains strong, but the Will of the People are bridled under one Federal Head under the Creator. The Church and Moralist are now Conservatives and Progressives with different ideas about Providence, Public Justice, Peace, Benevolence, and Harmony with their fellow man. Many scientific investigations have failed to to uproot and decompose Religion and Morality into theoretically grounded elements of pleasure, happiness, excellence, creativity, harmony, good fortune, and hope. I plan to further the noumenon (concept) known as human wisdom of discerning the truth to what is good and bad in accordance with my understanding of finding purpose to who, what, when, and where we are. Washington's Circular Letter of Farewell to the Army, June 8, 1783 Or are we about to Create a New Union where a pure Democracy controls our laws and customs. Or one guided by passion that rejects Divine Providence? A belief that there is no Pure Morality, only hope, ambition and fortune run by the chance of probability and fate. Will we discard a Country built by Americans that understood a Republican form of government where Providence and Morality are enjoined. Americans as a body President John Adams considered the State to be composed of Religious and Moral citizens. From John Adams to Massachusetts Militia, 11 October 1798 It is my hope to enjoin,"The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth" with The Didache (dee-da-ke, Greek word for teaching) of the 12 Apostles, the 'first recognized catechism' (articles of faith) of the Christian church. The Didache is honored as a timeless moral compass that identifies selfless positive actions that lead to life and prosperity and negative selfish actions that lead to death and destruction. The historical tradition of the Church reveals that it was Jesus brother, James The Just who wrote and passed down a guidebook to Jews, Smaritans, Noahides, and Gentiles to understanding on the honor of being Civil to other Son's and Daughter's of the Creator of the world and the Heavens. Over time the original Didache was replaced with revised teachings that brought about new catechisms, church schisms, reformations, and the birth of Arianism, Islam, Protestantism, Mormonism, Unitarianism, and an evolving isms from a branch of knowledge of what is good and bad. During my research I have found many concepts of happiness to connected to religion, spirituality, philosophy, and science. The principles of right living by the golden rule apply to everyone regardless of culture or creed. For nonChristians the The Didache of the 12 Apostles is a code of conduct without references to angels, prophecy and miracles. For those in Behavior Sciences and religious naturalist I found the Didache to a good window to understanding the evolution of Jewish, Christian, and Islamic social morality. Congruent (in harmony) to the Laws given to the Israelites through Moses, the Didache is an instruction manual Jesus gave to the Apostles (Messengers, Missionaries) that further defines how to be righteous (law abiding) Christians and gain happiness in life. All of those who with faith in a higher power will see the truth to happiness follows the same moral path of guidance. It is the degree of what is considered good and bad that is different between us all. I ask you the reader to temporarily suspend your preconception or disbelief on whether or not a Creative Force of Nature exists or how an Apostolic teaching can give us an understanding on how the choice of our actions can lead to Life and Happiness or Death and Misery until I am finished presenting testimony of definitions of to you. It is my hope that together you the reader and I the writer strip away the bias of belief and unbelief in our quest for truth to better understanding what it means to have good moral sense in life and share the happiness when we find it. I propose the Didache to be a great mechanism to create positive neuroplasticity (physical change to the brain) and socioplasticity (cultural change to a society) that should be studied for its benefits to the happiness of our human condition. It is my belief that our imperfect primal inclinations can subdued by striving on building virtuous habits based on reason without expectation of reward. The reality of happiness expands when one is able to see what is beneficial through another's eyes. My pursuit of happiness started when my Dad read me "Treasure Island" as a child. After each chapter he would tell me to close my eyes and follow my dreams. Since those moments I have traveled around this globe on many life adventures. And have been enlightened through the words of many great teachers, storytellers, grifters, false prophets, and those holy and euphoric beings whose selfless words benefit us all. Hindus believe that True Happiness (Supreme Bliss) can be found by a sinless follower of the Veda (Hindu Sacred Texts, Books of Knowledge) from ancient India. Vedas are also called śruti ("what is heard") literature that has been passed down by Rishi (enlightened ones, sages) after who receivedthe nature of Brahma and the instructions on the rules of conduct. this intense meditation. The Upanishads (Sanskrit Upaniṣad also known as the Vedānta) are the last chapters of the Veda texts known as 'object of the highest purpose.' Upanishad is composed of the terms upa (near) and shad (to sit), meaning “sitting down near” and connecting to a Rishi, an enlightened messenger of the Vedas that is unaffected by desire and wholly free from all cravings. The Rishi have taught that the intensity one is meditates on Vedas determines how close the spirit is to the happiness of the Creator. Christians and Jews would look at a Rishi similar to a Righteous (Tzadik), but not infallible spiritual masters who actively teach and perform Good Deeds (Mitzvah) found in sacred scriptures (Bible, Tanakh). The Taittiriya (Sanskrit Tittiri , Partridge) consist of three Adhyāya (Chapters, Lessons) of the Yajurveda (Worship) rituals taught by the Rishi that are done before the Yajna (Sacred Fire) on the Nature (Knowledge) of Brahma (Highest Universal Principle) and Atman (self, soul) that one can attain the eternal wisdom of joy by not being influenced by desire. The less one is exposed to desire the purer joy achieves. There are several titles given to the Creator that relate to Hinduism's spiritual manifestations : El as the general term for God (Allah); YHWH (Tetragrammaton) is the name of the Uncreated God (Spirit); the Ruach El as the Spirit of the God; Rauch Elohim as Lord of Spirits; (Elyon) as Lord of Most High; Ruach Chokhmah as the Spirit of Wisdom; and Hashem as a being beyond reality. And the meaning of the word Torah to be the mind of the Lord (cosmic conscious), Ha-Navi be a human heavenly messenger, but not infallible , Sandalphon mal’akh Upanishads - 800 BC - 500 BC Taittriya - The Partridge 2.8.1 – 2.8.4 We can see the seeds of understanding equity and justice through the leaders of the monotheistic faiths. Hillel the Elder Shabbat 31a Jesus taught that our Creator will bless us when we treat others they way we want to be treated. Matthew 7 The Apostle Paul taught Christians that all believers share the same universal privilege and position under the Creator. Galations 3 The Prophet Mohamed taught that the Creator wants us to put aside personal self interest and be fair and impartial when dealing with people. An-Nisa (The Women) It is my theory that one must know what it is to suffer to truly understand the aspects of happiness that are both agreeable and contrary to reason and or self interest. Lao Tzu (Laozi, Old Master) Tao Te Ching Tao Te Ching (The way of Righteousness) - 400 BC Chapter 58 America's Founding Fathers rightfully reasoned that all human beings are born equally regardless of differences in gender, skin color, wealth, health, and location. No mortal man can be compared to a God with infinite wisdom and power. The Spirit of Liberty, or more importantly the the Spirit of the Creator becomes unknown to Citizens who willingly submit their Freedom for Self-Interest. All 56 men who signed the Declaration of Independence clearly understood an individual profiting from the institution of owning another human being was morally wrong. Declaration of Independence Some of the Declaration Signers viewed Universal Liberty contrary to their self interest of personal prosperity and material happiness. Many of the Signers lived as Feudal Lords over large plantations involuntarily worked by human Chattel (tangible property), more commonly known as the Institution of Slavery. True Liberty would be a huge expense of Plantation owners relinquishing their Right over Slaves that could be involuntarily eugenically bred and put to work like Horse and Oxen. President and Commander in Chief of the United States George Washington had to live with fighting for the Liberty of Colonists while being Lord over 300 slaves living in his Mount Vernon Plantation. Washington was a Freemason gentleman that lived by law by elected legislative authority. He stated the first order would be to motion giving slaves the Right of Suffrage, meaning the right to vote for Representatives that create and amend the Constitution. From George Washington to Robert Morris, 12 April 1786 Public Notice Philip Dalby Alexandria Advertiser - March 30, 1786 The Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) played a major role in the abolition movement against slavery. In 1775 Pennsylvania Abolition Society was formed by seven Quakers of the ten white members. To George Washington from Robert Morris, 26 April 1786 From John Adams to George Churchman, 24 January 1801 The primary author of the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson, owned over 600 African-American slaves that worked on his Monticello plantation. The retired President Thomas Jefferson foresaw the rising tension between those that considered American Liberty to be a Federal Human Right over State Regulation of Human Right according to designated types. The outcome would affect his and many Founders net working capital (NWC) and creditworthiness to money lenders. From Thomas Jefferson to John Holmes, 22 April 1820 Jefferson's letter to John Holmes was in response to the Democratic-Republican (now known as the Republican Party) Representative James Tallmadge Jr. amendment to a bill regarding the admission of the Territory of Missouri to the Union, which requested that Missouri be admitted as a free state and restrict slavery and involuntary servitude. The Tallmadge Amendment set off a fierce debate about the future of slavery and Congress's power to stem its expansion into new states. Annals of Congress, House of Representatives 15th Congress, 2nd Session - February 16, 1819 From Thomas Jefferson to William Short, 13 April 1820 Washington and Jefferson both both were slave holders. existed in many cultures, dating back to early human civilizations. Since the beginning of civilation, predating written records, and has existed in many cultures. In Pre-Columbian America the most common forms of slavery were those of prisoners of war and debtors. Like European Colonist, Native North American tribes groups over time adopted chattel slave ownership North American indigenous groups over time adopted slave ownership Quakers increasingly became associated with antislavery activism and antislavery literature: not least through the work of abolitionist Quaker poet John Greenleaf Whittier. In 1833, Whittier published the antislavery pamphlet Justice and Expediency,[8] and from there dedicated the next twenty years of his life to the abolitionist cause. Our Countrymen in Chains John Greenleaf Whittier - 1833 Prior to public service, both George Washington and Thomas Jefferson were surveyors. different areas of colonial and frontier territories of the Virginia Coastal Plains across the Western slopes of Appalachian Mountains to the Ohio river and its tributaries. Both gentlemen would have been aware and possibly interacted with the Algonquian (Powhatan), Eastern Siouan (Mannahoac) and Iroquoian (Cherokee) speaking Native Americans. It was the Powhatan people living in eastern Virginia that interacted with English colony of Jamestown in 1607. These hunter-gatherer communities composed of bands of people through kinship and marriage called a Confederation. Each village had a Council House where ceremonies and tribal meetings were held using a democratic process. These Native Virginians would hunt animals, gather fruits and nuts from trees/vines, and pull handfuls of seeds from wild plants to obtain protein, carbohydrates, lipids and nicotine according to the particular biome they lived in. In time seed gathering evolved to trading, and planting maize (corn), beans, squash, tobacco and other seed crops that would thrive in their environment. Eventually planting seed crops (farming )became more reliable food source and could feed more people than hunting or gathering could feed. Farming led to permanent settlements instead of small tribes that moved frequently. The Eurasian Steppe (Great Steppe), is the large area of flat unforested temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome of Euroasia. It stretches from Bulgaria, Romania and Moldova through Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan, Xinjiang, and Mongolia to Manchuria, with one major exclave, the Pannonian steppe or Puszta, located mostly in Hungary. The plains of North America (especially the shortgrass and mixed prairie) is an example of a steppe, though it is not usually called such. A nomad (Middle French: nomade "people without fixed habitation")[1][dubious – discuss] is a member of a community of people without fixed habitation who regularly move to and from the same areas, including nomadic hunter-gatherers, pastoral nomads (owning livestock), and tinker or trader nomads. In the grasslands and highlands of Eurasia, the dry climate and poorer soil made it hard to make a living from growing crops. The term Shepherd (Pastor) is frequently used as a metaphor to mean leader of the people. Homer Iliad Book 1, line 245 Shepherd of Hosts would be considered Commander (Chief) of military forces Homer Iliad Book 2, line 76 Sheep are among the first animals to have been domesticated by humans for meat, milk, skins somewhere between 11,000 and 9000 BC. Homer Iliad Book 5, line 121 Socrates points out that like a shepherd that cares for his sheep, a ruler's primary concern should be doing what is best for his people. The Republic 380 BC Book 1 Plato The Nicomachean Ethics , 340 BC Book VII - Chapter 11 Aristotle References to Shepherds and animal husbandry are found throughout sacred scriptures of the oldest faiths. Prophets, Priests, Rabbis, and Pastors are called Shepherds because they watch over and care for their congregation like those who care for livestock. The wisdom and visions the Shepherds share to those around them reflect the daily socioeconomic world of their time period in our world history. The life of a Shepard is tasked with all aspects of maintaining the health of domesticated animals. They keep a lookout for predators and rescue animals if they get lost or trapped. When a calf gets wounded or sick the Shepherd nurses it back to health. An enormous amount of time is spent guiding the herd to the places of nourishment and rest. The result is a bond of trust that keeps the herd following the shepherd. 'In the 29th chapter of the Yasna (reverence, veneration), known as the The Cow's Lament' found within the 17 Avestan (Zend, Scripture) Gatha (sacred hymns) the Prophet Zarathusthra (Zoroaster) creates an allegorical text on the importance of righteous Shepherding is to our survival. Zarathustra uses metaphor of the Cow soul (spirit, thought) and Ox soul to represent the female and male aspects of humanity. When a calf cries out in help its needs take priority. The Cow soul despairs over being abandoned without an adequate Shepherd to care for his and the cows protection. Their plight is our plight and the provider they seek is what we all seek; the virtuous Shepard (leader) who can lead the Creator's great herd in the pursuit happiness and prosperity. The Cow soul invokes invokes a Dyeumorphic (Deity Characteristic, aspect, manifestation) of Ahura (Lord) Mazda (Wisdom) eminating the unbegotton Amesha (Aməša, Immortal) Spentas (thoughts, spirits) of Armaiti (Devoted Creator and Guardian) and Asha (Truth and Righteousness). Through divine eminating Spentas (Armaiti and Asha) Ahura Mazda, identifies a proper protector, Zarathusthra as the only one fit for the job. The Ox spirit laments all the more, since he regards Zoroaster as a weakling. Ultimately he must make do with him. Zoroaster asks Ahura Mazda through his Holy Spirit Asha to bring peace and happiness to people through Vohu (Good, Loving) and Manah (Thought, Mind). Behavior Scientist and Religious Naturalist would respect one meditating on the wisdom of promoting the mental states of peace and happiness through reason and acting in accordance with the law of the land. Zoroastrians believe that Happiness can be found by a sinless follower of Truth and Good Thoughts. The Cow's Lament' is recited in Ahunuvaiti, the first part of the Zoroastrian Yasna liturgy in the pavi area (inner sanctum) of a fire temple to promote happines, good health and purify the connection between the spiritual and physical worlds. The complete Ahunuvaiti is taken from Chapter 28 to Chapter 34 of the Yasna Gathas. Ahunuvaiti Gatha, 1500 BC - 1000 BC Yasna 29 - the Cow's Lament Persians began breeding sheep for wool since 6000 BC. The wild sheep found in Iran are known to have the largest phenotype (size, color, shape, etc) and chromosome (DNA) variation in the world. The mouflon (Ovis orientalis orientalis) is a subspecies of the wild sheep (Ovis orientalis) found in the Syro-Arabian desert (Kurdistan Region in the north of Iraq and Syria). This location corresponds to the zone of the initial domestication of sheep which includes many native breeds such as Hamdani, Karadi, and Awassi (the native breed of Israel) To Jews and Christians the dove is a symbol of God's peace following judgment. Genesis 8 The Priestly Blessing. Numbers 6 Psalm 34 The wing sun disc is a common symbol of the manifestation of the Creator in the ancient Near East Malachi 3 The dove symbolized the Creator's Holy Spirit. Doves were thought to be not bound to terrestrial existence and were mediators between this world and heaven; Mark https://www.ecatholic2000.com/athanasius/untitled-208.shtml https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses_the_Black The Muslims believe that a dove whispered the word of God into Muhammad’s ear. Chapter 2. Concerning the Posterity of Adam, and the ten Generations from him to the Deluge. Abel...was a lover of righteousness; and believing that God was present at all his actions, he excelled in virtue: and his employment was that of a shepherd. G'd displayed favour to the person bringing the offering and to the offering itself. he brought from the “first,” is that before enjoying the fruits of his labour himself, he wished to express his gratitude to G’d. Only after that would he use the milk and the wool for his personal consumption. He also included in the gift the best quality, seeing that not all were of the same uniform quality. The word חלב is used in that sense on the author’s book Rabbi Joseph Kimchi explains the reason why G’d did not respond to Kayin’s gift as due to the fact that he first ate his fill before giving G’d the share we call bikkurim, the first ripe fruit we produce. Hevel, on the other hand, offered to G’d the very first of the wool his sheep had produced. Genesis 3 Genesis 4 Hebrews 11 The rewards of shepherding are well earned. Abraham rejected his family business of manufacturing idols. He chose a chose to earn his living as a nomadic Shepard. As we see in the book of Genesis raising and selling livestock was prosperious for him. Genesis 13 Genesis 18 Like Zoraster, and Moses, King David considered the Creator to be a faithful shepherd, will never forsake His precious flock (worshippers, followers, congregation, church). Psalms 23 General Washington's dictatated a letter to the The Delaware Nation (Delaware Tribe of Western Oklahoma, Western Delaware, Lenape, Lenni-Lenape ) Chief of Staff and Personal Secretary, Robert Hanson Harrison. on understanding how Happiness can be found by understanding the teachings of Jesus Christ. The Deleware people understood the Creator to be the Great Chief of Heaven and His Son, the Mighty Warrior Jesus Christ, to be the Rescuer of the people of all nations. Address to the Delaware Nation, 12 May 1779 George Washington Commander in chief of all the armies in the United States of America Robert Harrison wrote then crossed out the following additional text to the Deleware Nation: “Which will give you eternal life in the world to come.” This text does not appear on the copies. It is possible that Washington wanted the Deleware to learn the teachings of Jesus and compare them with their legendary Sakima (Chief) Tamanend (translated means affable), who was known to be a beloved peacemaker and friend to everyone. Chief Tamanend reputedly took part in a peace meeting between the leaders of the Lenni-Lenape nation, and the leaders of the Pennsylvania colony held under a large elm tree at Shakamaxon in the early 1680s. The people of Philadelphia began to call him "Saint Tammany" and the "Patron Saint of America." Just like King David, Christians believe the Good Shepard, Jesus taught that happiness results from being morally just in our daily actions and trusting that ultimate security rests with the Creator and secondarily with the righteous individuals that follow His commands. Religious Naturalist and Humanist can appreciate connecting to a determined individual who has compassion and is willing to give hist life for his community's salvation (deliverance) from harm, ruin, loss, and corruption. John 10 gives reason why Christians are conscientiously opposed to accepting services that are run outside their community. Religious Naturalist and Humanist can appreciate the concern of private and public services ethical obligations to a community they are not part of. There potential ignorance in thinking that public and private contractors have the ability handle a situation that spirals out of control and damages the community. In addition, Christians understand that Jesus has given his followers a goal of a salvation and its reward is never finished in this life. Behavior scientist can appreciate that once we complete a earthly goal, maintaining the level and starting over can be difficult. This is why the Good Shepard makes sure the sheep are genuine by listening to obeying his word. Jews and Muslims understand Jesus calling the Creator "Father" to signify an intimate trust that his revelations and actions while on Earth were in perfect harmony as one voice and will of the Most High. They believe the bond between the Father and His Son testified in John to be a moral relationship like Samuel reveals about the Creator favoring (loving) King David as human father would do (II Samuel 7:14 - 15, I Chronicles 22:10). From this type of reasoning of John it can be induced that to gain eternal life one must be in harmony with revelations and actions Jesus taught by authority of the Creator. John 10 Luke 14 Paul thanked the Creator for changing him from the worst of lawbreakers 1 Timothy Just like Christians and Jews, Muslims believe that true happiness (salvation) is a goal never finished in this life. And the ultimate reward is given in the next life. The Prophet Mohamed taught one will be rewarded with happiness by being virtious following good habits taught by the authority of the Creator. An-Nahl (The Bee) 16:97 Gathering data... The four Vedas (knowledge) are generally known by Hindus as the oldest hymns (scriptures) taught by the Creator to Aryan (Andronovo culture) Rishi (Sages) that decended South from Kazakhstan into India. According to Hindu tradition, the first vedas are the Rigvedic hymns taught by the Indra (Creator) to Rishi Vyāsa (Veda Vyāsa, Krishna Dwaipayana). The hymns were later written down by Paila, the disciple of Rishi Vyāsa and divided into ten Mandalas (Books, Volumes). The fortunes of these people have a direct co-relation of their possession of cattle. The cattle were sheltered in separate cow-pens and it was important that were cared for – “happy near us”. Their breeding in prolific numbers would have mattered as well, given that the cattle were the “wealth” of these people. When the Indo-Aryans entered India, they brought with them a religion in which the gods were chiefly personified powers of Nature, a few of them, such as Dyaus, going back to the Indo-European, others, such as Mitra, Varuṇa, Indra, to the Indo-Iranian period. They also brought with them the cult of fire and of Soma Rigvedic period, but, even if they did, the prevailingly loose boundaries of class allowed a man of nonpriestly parentage to become a priest. he Vedas are considered to be the oldest surviving literature of India. The oldest Veda is Rig Veda. Rig Veda The oldest and most important of the four Vedas. Among other features of Rigvedic religious life that were important for later generations were the munis, who were particularly associated with the god Rudra, a deity connected with mountains and storms and more feared than loved. Rudra developed into the Hindu god Shiva, and his prestige increased steadily. The same is true of Vishnu, a solar deity Indra Thunder god Rudra Storm God, part oftrinity in later Hinduism King of the Gods. The chief deity of the Rigveda, the god of weather and war as well as Lord of Svargaloka in Hinduism. Indra, also known as Śakra in the Vedas, is the leader of the Devas and the lord of Svargaloka or heaven in Hinduism. He is the deva of rain and thunderstorms. Indra, Agni, Soma and Varuna are most worshipped Gods in Rig Veda books i-viii, which were the sphere of the Hotṛ or reciting priest his is concerned with the worship of gods that are largely personifications of the powers of nature. The hymns are mainly invocations of these gods, and are meant to accompany the oblation of Soma juice and the fire sacrifice of melted butter. Rudra is very often associated with the Maruts (i. 85). He is their father, and is said to have generated them from the shining udder of the cow Pṛśni. He is fierce and destructive like a terrible beast, and is called a bull, as well as the ruddy (aruṣá) boar of heaven. He is exalted, strongest of the strong, swift, unassailable, unsurpassed in might. He is young and unaging, a lord (í̄śāna) and father of the world. By his rule and univeral dominion he is aware of the doings of men and gods. He is bountiful (mīḍhvá̄ṃs), easily invoked and auspicious (śivá). But he is usually regarded as malevolent; for the hymns addressed to him chiefly express fear of his terrible shafts and deprecation of his wrath. He is implored not to slay or injure, in his anger, his worshippers and their belongings, but to avert his great malignity and his cow-slaying, man-slaying bolt from them, and to lay others low. He is, however, not purely maleficent like a demon. He not only preserves from calamity, but bestows blessings. His healing powers are especially often mentioned; he has a thousand remedies, and is the [57] greatest physician of physicians. In this connexion he has two exclusive epithets, jálāṣa, cooling, and jálāṣa-bheṣaja, possessing cooling remedies. Rudra, in glory, the mightiest of the mighty, O wielder of the bolt. f Rudra; in vii. 46, 1 he is described by the epithets sthirádhanvan having a strong bow, kṣipréṣu swift-arrowed, tigmá̄yudha having a sharp weapon, and in vii. 46, 3 his lightning shaft, didyút, is mentioned Rudra. They are described as ‘true’ and ‘not deceitful’, being friends and protectors of the honest and righteous, but punishing sin and guilt. s the Soma sacrifice formed the centre of the ritual of the RV., the god Soma is one of the most prominent deities. With rather more than 120 hymns (all those in Maṇḍala ix, and about half a dozen in others) [153] addressed to him, he comes next to Ágni (i. 1) in importance. The anthropomorphism of his character is less developed than that of Indra or Varuṇa because the plant and its juice are constantly present to the mind of the poet. Soma has terrible and sharp weapons, which he grasps in his hand; he wields a bow and a thousand-pointed shaft. He has a car which is heavenly, drawn by a team like Vāyu’s. He is also said to ride on the same car as Indra. He is the best of charioteers. In about half a dozen hymns he is associated with Indra, Agni, Pūṣan, and Rudra respectively as a dual divinity. he exhilarating power of Soma led to its being regarded as a divine drink bestowing immortal life. Hene it is called amṛ́ta draught of immortality. All the gods drink Soma; they drank it to gain immortality; it confers immortality not only on gods, but on men. It has, moreover, medicinal powers: Soma heals whatever is sick, making the blind to see and the lame to walk. Soma also stimulates the voice, and is called ‘lord of speech’. He awakens eager thought: he is a generator of hymns, a leader of poets, a seer among priests. Hence his wisdom is much dwelt upon; thus he is a wise seer, and he knows the races of the gods. Soma appears to be a real plant that has intoxicating properties, as well as being a god and a "life force" that permeates all animate beings. The Rig-Veda forms the great literary memorial of the early Aryan settlements in the Punjab. The earlier hymns exhibit the Aryans on the northwestern frontiers of India, just starting on their long journey. Whatever the original homeland of the Aryans may have been, the RigVeda makes no explicit mention of regions distant from the Indian subcontinent. The Rig Veda - 6,000 - 3000 BC Mandala (Book) 6 Hymn 28 - Cows Hindus believe that True Happiness (Supreme Bliss) can be found by a sinless follower of the Veda (Hindu Sacred Texts, Books of Knowledge) from ancient India. Vedas are also called śruti ("what is heard") literature that has been passed down by Rishi (enlightened ones, sages) after who receivedthe nature of Brahma and the instructions on the rules of conduct. this intense meditation. The Upanishads (Sanskrit Upaniṣad also known as the Vedānta) are the last chapters of the Veda texts known as 'object of the highest purpose.' Upanishad is composed of the terms upa (near) and shad (to sit), meaning “sitting down near” and connecting to a Rishi, an enlightened messenger of the Vedas that is unaffected by desire and wholly free from all cravings. The Rishi have taught that the intensity one is meditates on Vedas determines how close the spirit is to the happiness of the Creator. Christians and Jews would look at a Rishi similar to a Righteous (Tzadik), but not infallible spiritual masters who actively teach and perform Good Deeds (Mitzvah) found in sacred scriptures (Bible, Tanakh). The Taittiriya (Sanskrit Tittiri , Partridge) consist of three Adhyāya (Chapters, Lessons) of the Yajurveda (Worship) rituals taught by the Rishi that are done before the Yajna (Sacred Fire) on the Nature (Knowledge) of Brahma (Highest Universal Principle) and Atman (self, soul) that one can attain the eternal wisdom of joy by not being influenced by desire. The less one is exposed to desire the purer joy achieves. There are several titles given to the Creator that relate to Hinduism's spiritual manifistations : El as the general term for God (Allah); YHWH (Tetragrammaton) is the name of the Uncreated God (Spirit); the Ruach El as the Spirit of the God; Rauch Elohim as Lord of Spirits; (Elyon) as Lord of Most High; Ruach Chokhmah as the Spirit of Wisdom; and Hashem as a being beyond reality. And the meaning of the word Torah to be the mind of the Lord (cosmic conscious), Ha-Navi be a human heavenly messenger, but not infallible , Sandalphon mal’akh Upanishads - 800 BC - 500 BC Taittriya - The Partridge 2.8.1 – 2.8.4 KALAMA SUTTA The Buddha's Charter of Free Inquiry The Four Exalted Dwellings The Father of Western Philosophy The Nicomachean Ethics Book X - Chapter 9 Buddha taught to spread pure selfless thoughts of love without selfish want or hate KALAMA SUTTA The Buddha's Charter of Free Inquiry The Four Exalted Dwellings After reading the above I asked my son Luke how is it we find happiness? He responded, "Happiness to me is found within ourselves." My son, Luke reasoned that one should not be dependent on others to find happiness." At this point, do you the reader see happiness to be found in our love of self or love of others? Or is happiness found in a mixture of both? One should first correctly diagnose the cognitive ability of an audience to learn concepts. There are individuals with mental disabilities that suffer from the brain's ability to receive and process information to fully understand what Liberty really means. I am of the belief that the meaning of Liberty can be taught as long as the one teaching the concept correctly addresses what is needed to convey the idea so that it is not too overwhelming to gain interest. We all learn concepts through familiar knowledge and life experiences. If you share an idea an individual already understands and accepts; and then associate the known idea by contextual association to an unknown idea; new contexts and problems become linked. At times new contextual associations concur or conflict with the ideas we know. Contextual associations can solve problems or create new ones for us solve. In logic, when two ideas are compared that are mostly different from each other, but share one or more attributes (properties, components, traits) in common, an analogy can be formed to create a new idea. From my experience it is best to start with knowing the background of the audience you are communicating with. There are individuals with a cognitive Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder marked by an ongoing pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with concentrating (focusing) on Ideas (topics) that they have little interest in learning. Autism is another mental condition characterized by impaired social interactions, limited communication and repetitive behaviors that impede concentration of new ideas. Dementia is also a condition that causes a gradual decrease of cognitive memory and the ability to connect ideas that are being communicated. In addition, there are individuals that have physical visual and auditory conditions that impede communication and sharing ideas. Traumatic brain injury (physical brain damage) located in the frontal or temporal lobes of the organ of soft nervous tissue contained in the skull of individuals can result in confusion, memory loss, poor organizational skills, disinhibition, poor reasoning skills and judgment. Sometimes I find an individual's background through familiar life experiences. There are those that suffer from substance abuse (drug addiction) and mental disorders (or mental illnesses) are conditions that affect cognitive memory and concentration. Depression is a common mental disorder that causes people to experience a depressed mood that interferes with their interest in concentrating on ideas. Understanding the cognitive abilities of the audience your communicating, gives greater chance for acceptance of your idea. After reading the above passages I asked my son again how he plans to find happiness. Luke reasoned, that we are not dependent on others to find happiness or misery. But, our internal understanding of happiness and misery can be refined through observation of others. "If you only interact with yourself, then you will not understand how others define happy and sad. But, if others are good to you, then you feel happy. If others are bad to you, then you will feel sad." He then asked me a question, "How can I tell whether person is good or bad?" I told him to first, observe whether the individual appears to be honest or just acting in their own self interest. Second, does the individual's ideas resemble or differ from the ones he trusts to make him him happy. Third, do any part of these new ideas protect or endanger his happiness and those he trusts. Essays on the Principles of Morality and Natural Religion Henry Home, Lord Kames Solomon repeated his former counsel in view of this limited perspective (cf. 2:24). “Do good” (v. 12) should read “enjoy themselves.” We could translate verse 13, “If any man eats and drinks and finds satisfaction in all his toil, it is a gift of God.” Ecclesiastes 3 The Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki (Rashi) explained the above passage of Ecclesiastes Solomon's the wisdom of choice and reward and punishment is found the compiled testimonies of many rather rather than one source. Individuals that fail to discern the truth of the wisdom of their deeds will not understand value to their choices. It is difficult to see the importance of repenting the evil actions committed in a material world. Those that do value their choice understand that they do not know the time and place of their demise and the importance of enjoying the gift of life each day and to do actions that are good. Rashi The Rabbi (teacher) Jesus washed the feet of his disciples. He reminded humankind that we are all equal under the Creator's eyes. We are all His Children. We must humble ourselves and cherish others before our own self interests. No truth is greater than God's Natural Law. We need to embrace this reality that our own reasoning and inclinations may not be beneficial to our Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. John 18 John 13 Philippians 2 Al-Baqarah (The Cow) Jews, Christians, and Muslims would agree with King David's teaching that People can become dependent upon their earthly leaders for guidance, and forget the Creator is the originator of all eternal wisdom and laws. Psalms 146 Matthew 20 Al-Baqara (The Cow) George Washington's first act as President of the United States was to thank the Creator for providing the citizens of the United States assistance in the Revolutionary War to gain its freedom from the power of England and its king. He considered this gratitude to be a universal sentiment of the Nation. He then asked for the Creator's blessing to make Liberty in the United States sacred. Note. I do add parentheses ( ) to add further explanation to words that are not frequently used. George Washington's Inaugural Address 1798 Scripture reveals that God owes man nothing. God is not unjust because He hides truth from some while revealing it to others. Hiding things from some is an evidence of God’s judgment, not His justice. That He extends mercy to any is amazing. That He extends it to those who are inadequate and totally dependent is even more incredible. Furthermore, because He hides truth from those who reject it He shows mercy to them because He will just all people by their response to the truth they have. Matthew 11 John 17 Saint Paul tells us after Jesus has conquered evil and death, he will relinquish his power to serve under the Creator and his Laws. The Creator will then have direct relations and share power with all of His righteous children throughout eternity. 1 Corinthians 15 Philippians 2 The Religious naturalist would accept understaning our environment and respecting Natural laws that govern is the key to understanding our Liberty and Happiness. Jefferson acquired John Locke's notion how Nature has transcribed into man the understanding of primal inclinations of happiness and misery that influence our actions. In the 1689 book, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Locke writes. Chapter III No Innate Practical Principles An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, ( Chapters 2 -3) John Locke writes that the knowledge of the truths of Nature, Happiness and Misery comes through our senses from acquired experiences that are placed into memory. In infancy sensory development begins with our innate ability to differentiate pain from pleasure, hot from cold, bitter from sweet, stench from perfume, light from dark, loud from quiet, and rough from smooth. Locke notes that as our development continues, our minds begin to acquire general abstract ideas from familiar objects and prior experienced events. Some of the abstract ideas our minds formulate are right (successful) and some are wrong (failure). Our ability to recognize right and wrong ideas is what John Locke calls "the use of reason." Acquired ideas that become more accepted by reason are given names and basic language is formed. Ideas that are shared, understood and accepted by others become undoubted truths are what John Locke defines as "maxims." Many undoubted truths not known to others are reasoned by reflecting on their own unique development experiences. Undoubted truths that are reasoned and accepted before they are known are what John Locke terms "implicit maxims.' Ideas that are shared and not understood to be accepted as true or false, assent or dissent, are considered ignorant. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding John Locke Chapter 3 No Innate Practical Principles Chapter 28 Of Other Relations To understand how Thomas Jefferson acquired maxim of the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God we must first review Commentaries on the Laws of England by English judge, Sir William Blackstone published in 1765. Blackstone considered the Will of the Creative force of Nature is called Natural Law. It is the explicit Will of Natural Law that binds us to this Universe and each other. It is the implicit Will of Natural Law to protect those who choose to accept and follow what we find to be good and self evident with our life. Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England Introduction Of the Nature of Laws in General. Locke, Blackstone, Adams and Jefferson believed that a Creative Force of Nature has given us power over our body and mind to pursue or avoid sensations and reflections of pleasure and pain. John Locke believed that the Creator willed us to follow moral laws of virtue and happiness that preserve our individual selves and society from pain. Locke wrote that mankind will be rewarded if we abide by the given laws and punished if we disobey them. In John Adams letter to Thomas Jefferson mentions Smithfield, London the location of executions of heretics and political rebels over the centuries. Scottish patriot Sir William Wallace, and Wat Tyler, leader of the Peasants' Revolt, were among the many religious reformers and dissenters ended in Smithfield. It is probable that Adams, Jefferson, and the Founding Fathers of the United States may have feared they might be added to the list of martyrs. Rebellion against the failure of a monarch to properly rule by a destructive system of Colony Administration. It was Adam's hope that the Creator would support the injustice that caused the degradation of descendants of English Freemen to a state of servitude. John Adams to Thomas Jefferson, 9 August 1816 Benjamin Franklin delivered this Petition of the Continental Congress, dated October 26, 1774 and signed by fifty-one delegates to the Congress, to Britain's King George III. The petition, stated the grievances of the American provinces and asked for the King's help in seeking solutions to their new founded misery. That their actions would be considered just to the Creator who would be the final judge to every one of them. The Petition of the Grand American Continental Congress, to the King's Most Excellent Majesty Oct. 26 1774 letter of transmittal King George considered the Colonist message of loyalty and attachment to his kingdom to be a farce. The Creator had blessed in England with Freedom and Bounty. Many of King's subjects gave their lives so that that the citizens of England could enjoy the greatest freedom that one could desire. King George considered the words of the rebellious criminal leaders to misrepresenting the truth about the constitution of colonies to be subordinate to Great Britain. America's Continental Congress were unlawfully taking control of British legislative, executive and judicial powers through acts of acts of violence threatening the property and lives of people loyal to the crown. The happiness of England and her subjects depended on her defending the resources the Creator had blessed them with. King George III Speech to Parliament, October 27, 1775 King George was no hero. We will see that King George's greatest failure was that he did not cherish his Subjects as equal citizens, but rather let his emotions lead him to the ignorance of considering them to be indentured caretakers of his corporate empire. Reason would have shown him that the common rights, and interests, of mankind are what all leaders should see. It is clear that George III learned through his instruction that there are times when one must restrain their personal inclinations of the appetite (self interest) for the greater good of the nation. This becomes evident when George III intended to marry his true love to marry Lady Sarah Lenox, the sister of the Duke of Richmond. When the marriage was opposed by his adviser John Stuart, Earl of Bute. George immediately broke off the relationship and wrote in his journal “The interest of my country shall ever be my first care, my own inclinations shall ever submit to it; I am born for the happiness or misery of a great nation and consequently must often act contrary to my passions.” Later, King George III asked Lady Sarah to be one of the ten bridesmaids at his wedding to Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. It was John Stuart who designed the curriculum that shaped the future king's thoughts on history, law, and politics, relying heavily on works such as a manuscript version of William Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England and St. John Bolingbroke's The Idea of the Patriot King (1740). Like King George, Thomas Jefferson was very familiar with Bolingboke's work. Much of his commonplace book follows Bolingboke's method of critical reasoning and evidence. Jefferson may have looked at Boilingbroke's words on the human inventions of gods, on his own reasoning of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Further, Jefferson's was on the same opinion of the idolatry of revering the papacy and kings.Henry St. John Bolingbroke considered any leader that put the interests of People that support him befere to him to be a hero. A hero finds virtue through a natural progression of reason to self discipline emotions. Boilingbrook correctly understood deifying human heroes that help maintain order during their lifetime is a blasphamous deception of the higheset order. No leader has the Divine Right to put himself above others. Bolingbroke considered this type of self idol worship to be the cause to the effect of polytheism. These type of leaders deceive even themselves to be worshiped as Divine Judges. But, in the end all of these human idols gain no power from the Creator, unlesss His Divine Will to do so. Boilingbroke does make a good point that these divine clowns betray an imperfection of our nature, being our pride, vanity, and presumption? The notion of lawgivers or a leader deceiving subjects, to be ordained by the Creator, would be known by any simpleton as using His name for personal Vanity. Any lawgiver or leader that deceives Citizens to believing thier office to be Divine and sacred should be considered false idol worship. Jefferson most likely understood that Boilingbrook lead King George and his readers into a Sophist trap by inventing a false presumption that our happiness is dependent on good society and king. While Society does plays a significant role in a person's happiness, but is not the only factor. Monotheist would instantly point that the Prophet Abraham left the comfort of society fillled with false idol worship and found the Creator. Thomas Jefferson would have also rebuked any notion that we are always governed by laws that are always of interest to the People. Further, Jefferson would also have rebuked any duty or obligation of submission to laws that take or give away any person's right to Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness given by the Creator. It is my understanding that our third president would have argued that any laws enacted on personal self interest would not be ordained by the Creator in any way. It is true that Lawmaking and governing becomes more difficult, if the People do not share the same morality, grievances and common enemies as their leaders. A Patriot must protect Liberty, whether or not it is in his interest to do so. It is all our duty protect Liberty and promote happiness for all mankind. But a good Leader must hold the highest conduct, because it is his duty to do so; a duty that he owes to The Creator by one law, and to his people by another. Both Jefferson would support the implicit idea that the Creator has given power to no particular individual, because by nature all Men are Equal; therefore, by Natural Law Power is given to the People or Multitude. At this period of time Jews, Christians, and Muslims would most likely have objected Pure Democracy by pointing to the royal bloodline of King David of the Old Testament. Britains's Royal College of Arms believes Queen Elizabeth, to bee a direct descendant of King David. Queen Elizabeth is also head of the Anglican Church. The Idea of a Patriot King Henry St. John Bolingbroke Reading Boilingbroke, King George would have taken notice of Sir Robert Filmer, an English political theorist who defended the divine right of kings. In his work, The Natural Power of Kings, Sir Robert considers Liberty to be the cause of action for the Fall of Adam. An example of Liberty, would be reformulating the first sentence in a contest that fits with today's culture. The Fall of the first archetype couple (Eve and Adam) was caused not following a command given the Creator. If we believe that the Creator is Nature, then Eve and Adam went against the Law of Nature with their given Liberty of Choice; called Reason. The Natural Power of Kings. By the Learned Sir Robert Filmer Baronet In the Book of Acts we see the body of Christ (Apostles) not follow a command given by the High Priest (Magistrate, Head of Sanhendrin, [Supreme Court]) that no Jew to mention the name of the Rabbi (Teacher), Jesus the Christ (Savior), who hung on a tree (Crucified, Cursed by the Creator). Council Member and Rabbi Gamaliel, of Hillel Pharisee of School of Law, stood up and suggested the possiblity that the Apostles may messengers of the Creator (Hashem, Allah). All Commands of the Creator should dutifully honored. If the Council was to punish the Apostles, the Creator may go against them like he did with King Saul. Acts 5 Hebrews and Christians believe and testify that the first recorded action In law, is a set of recorded events of disobeying the Creator and Master that led to their Fall. It is important to note that Muslims and Mormons and other faiths have different implicit accounts, which I plan to discuss. I also plan to define the fourth rational character known as the serpant, that testifies the implicit Liberty concept of Disobedience with the penalty of suffering mortal death. Other serpants have been known to Jews and Christians. In Scripture we read an account where the Isrealite nation complains and is ungrateful for the help the Creator has given to them during their time time in the wilderness. Their complaint was the implicit Liberty concept of vanity, which is considered a violation of a command the Creator previously had given to the Israelites. The penalty of death by fiery serpant was judged upon them. Those who did not die immediately die, took responsibility for the their actions and asked for forgiveness. The Creator choose to give mercy to the remaining Isrealites. He gives Moses a remedy for the plague: craft a snake snake of fiery copper on pole and was cured the poisen snake bites. Numbers Chapter 21 Shmuel I - I Samuel - Chapter 8 1 Corinthians 12 Ephesions 4 In the the city of Jerusalem (Peace, Shalem, Salaam,) there once was a temple (tabernacle, palace) to the Creator (Hashem) of the Most High. Tehillim - Psalms - Chapter 76 We can imagine when the Creator appeared it was like a moving thunderstorm. 47:2 "Ner" is the Hebrew word for candle; the soul is the candle of God Tehillim - Psalms - Chapter 50 In Jerusalem, King Machizedek High Priest at the tabernacle (temple) of God (Hashem) of the Most High. One of his duties was that a peacemaker of disputes. In this passage the reader is placed of scene of King Melchizedek shaing bread and wine to Abraham and his foe King Sodom to agree on terms of surrender and war reperation. King Melchizedek congratulates Abraham with blessing from the Creator of the most high who posseses (owns) everything. Note. I use the text color aquablue to represent the righteous and grey to represent the supernatural. Red denotes the adveraries (Satan) Bereishit - Genesis - Chapter 14 Targum Jonathan on Genesis 14:18-24 Letter to the Hebrews Chapter 7 Divrei Hayamim I - I Chronicles - Chapter 1 Luke 3 Matthew 5 The Dead sea scroll proclaims Prince Melchizedek will return Isreali prisoners to their home and property. Prince Melchizedek will announce a special Day of Atonement where he will judge and release righteous Israelis from any debt of their sins. The Melchizedek Document (11Q13) Translated by James Scott Trimm God had foretold Abraham that his offspring would become kings of many nations. Bereishit - Genesis - Chapter 17 God had made Abraham a powerful person, which his Hittite neighbors acknowledged Bereishit - Genesis - Chapter 23 The Creator's initial purpose for the Citizen of Israel to be all princes and He to be their king. Shemot - Exodus - Chapter 19 Rabbi Obadiah ben Jacob Sforno (1470-1550) wrote an important commentary on Exodus 19:6 It had been G’d’s intention to make the Jewish people immortal at the time of the revelation at Mount Sinai, giving them the status that Adam had enjoyed before he sinned. Alas, just as Adam had sinned and had become mortal in the Garden (gan) Eden, the Jewish people sinned with the golden calf and suffered the same fate as the first man. The disaster is documented in Exodus 33,6 “the Children of Israel had to divest themselves of their jewelry which had been given them at Mount Chorev.” Mekhilta De-Rabbi Shimon Bar Yohai Tractate Bahodesh Chapter XLIX:IV Mekhilta De-Rabbi Shimon Bar Yohai Tractate Bahodesh Chapter XLIX: V 18. Vayikra - Leviticus - Chapter 19 The Creator made provision for kings to rule His people in his place. Devarim - Deuteronomy - Chapter 17 The Torah relates that the Kohen is to perform the judicial duty to resolve conflict and to assist in purifying skin disease or mildew. Devarim - Deuteronomy - Chapter 21 Rashi, in his commentary to Books of Chronicles, notes that while the priests and Levites were occupied with Torah instruction and teaching Devarim - Deuteronomy - Chapter 24 Shmuel I - I Samuel - Chapter 8 The am ha-arez in the Talmud refers to "the people of Land" to uneducated Jews, who were deemed likely to be negligent in their observance of the commandments due to their ignorance wanted a king like other nations around them. Babylonian Talmud: Tractate Sanhedrin Folio 20a Quran Surah Al-Baqarah - The Cow Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki (Rashi) from 11th century France defines the word “Cohen (Kohen)” as a prince, referencing 2nd Samuel, where it states that David’s sons were chief officers (Cohanim or Kohanim). Shmuel II - II Samuel - Chapter 8 Tehillim - Psalms - Chapter 45 the ministers of the King where present to ascertain that the nation took their words with due respect and seriousness. Divrei Hayamim II - II Chronicles - Chapter 17 The "Mekhilta de-Rabbi Yishmael" has traditionally been ascribed to Rabbi Ishmael. The Mekhilta (Mekilta; a collection of rules of interpretation) is divided into nine treatises (massektot). The Massekta de-Bahodesh (quoted as "Baḥ.") Mekhilta d'Rabbi Yishmael 19:6 God purposed to bless all other nations through His theocratic reign over Israel. This was a rule that God chose to administer through divinely chosen mediators who spoke and acted for God in governing functions and who were personally responsible to Him for what they did. These vice-regents were people like Moses, Joshua, the judges (including Samuel), and the kings, but God remained the real sovereign down to the end of this kingdom in history (1 Chron. 29:25). The Shekinah cloud visibly represented God’s presence as the divine ruler. This glorious cloud entered and filled the tabernacle at the inception of the kingdom Mekhilta de - Rabbi Shimon Bar Yohai Bolingbroke wrote that on occasion, the Creator bestows His Holy Spirit on a few individuals born to do His Will through public service. These individuals have graced with superior talents (genius, knowledge, and experience) that make them distinct from the rest of society. These are individuals are endowed with a spirit of reason to cope with ambition, avarice, despair, and not let sensual pleasures run their life. During the American revolution there were capable Patriots on both sides considered to be blessed with superior talents. The difference was the British heroes were ignorant, or had prejudice against the colonies loss of Liberty. Their British failure of reason would cause a misapplication talents that would be considered a crime in its nature and consequence of going against the Designs of Providence. Jefferson would have concluded to tip the balance in America's favor, it new leaders must use their God given talents and reason the good and welfare of the colonies, then Divine vengeance would surely fall upon Britain. Following Bolingbroke's Spirit of Patriotism, the Declaration of Independence taught that America's citizens can hope to achieve the happiness attributed to the Creator by employing the greater good at the expense of lesser evil. It is up to government leaders to guard our people with the use of reason. It is up to our citizen patriots to understand that the common happiness of Liberty depends on the importance of individual duty in submitting to law and government, which firmly opposes evil corruption and is grateful for the blessings of the Creator. Is Virtue real? Or is the appearance of it good enough? Monotheist have a much deeper implicit viewpoint than the Natural Diest Bolingbroke writes. On the Spirit of Patriotism Henry St. John Bolingbroke George Wythe was the first American law professor, a noted classics scholar, and a Virginia judge. The first of the seven Virginia signatories of the United States Declaration of Independence, Wythe served as one of Virginia's representatives to the Continental Congress and the Philadelphia Convention. Jefferson studied Bolingbroke's Works during his time as George Wythe's legal apprentice. Wythe remained particularly close to Jefferson, and left Jefferson his substantial book collection in his will. We can see Jefferson was agreement with Bolingbroke on the talents and moral character of appointed Judges. From Thomas Jefferson to George Wythe, June1776 By 1771, when he advised young Robert Skipwith on his book buying, Jefferson included Bolingbroke’s Political Works in his suggested of catalogue of 30 books. From Thomas Jefferson to Robert Skipwith, with a List of Books for a Private Library 3 August 1771 Here is a partial list of literary works that Jefferson recommended that apply to our journey of discovering the Creative Force of Nature designs for Life and Happiness or Death and Misery If we are to believe that the Will of Our Creator is Natural law. INTRODUCTION. Of the Study, Nature, and Extent of the Laws of England. SECTION I. ON THE STUDY OF THE LAW. The science thus committed to his charge, to be cultivated, methodized, and explained in a course of academical lectures, is that of the laws and constitution of our own country: a species of knowledge, in which the gentlemen of England have been more remarkably deficient than those of all Europe besides. In most of the nations of the continent, where the civil or imperial law, under different modifications, is closely interwoven with the municipal laws of the land, no gentleman, or at least no scholar, thinks his education is completed, till he has attended a course or two of lectures, both upon the institutes of Justinian and the local constitutions of his native soil, under the very eminent professors that abound in their several universities. And in the northern parts of our own island, where also the municipal laws are frequently connected with the civil, it is difficult to meet with a person of liberal education, who is destitute of a competent knowledge in that science which is to be the guardian of his natural rights and the rule of his civil conduct. ...Far be it from me to derogate from the study of the civil law, considered (apart from any binding authority) as a collection of written reason. No man is more thoroughly persuaded of the general excellence of its rules, and the usual equity of its decisions, nor is better convinced of its use as well as ornament to the scholar, the divine, the statesman, and even the common lawyer. But we must not carry our veneration so far as to sacrifice our Alfred and Edward to the manes of Theodosius and Justinian; we must not prefer the edict of the prætor, or the rescript of the Roman emperor, to our own immemorial customs, or the sanctions of an English parliament; unless we can also prefer the despotic monarchy of Rome and Byzantium, for whose meridians the former were calculated, to the free constitution of Britain, which the latter are adapted to perpetuate. Without detracting, therefore, from the real merits which abound in the imperial law, I hope I may have leave to assert, that if an Englishman must be ignorant of either the one or the other, he had better be a stranger to the Roman than the English institutions. For I think it an undeniable position, that a competent knowledge of the laws of that society in which we live, is the proper accomplishment of every gentleman and scholar; an highly useful, I had almost said essential, part of liberal and polite education. And in this I am warranted by the example of ancient Rome; where, as Cicero informs us,(a) the very boys were obliged to learn the twelve tables by heart, as a carmen necessarium or indispensable lesson, to imprint on their tender minds an early knowledge of the laws and constitution of their country. And, first, to demonstrate the utility of some acquaintance with the laws of the land, let us only reflect a moment on the singular frame and polity of that land which is governed by this system of laws. A land, perhaps, the only one in the universe, in which political or civil liberty is the very end and scope of the constitution. This liberty, rightly understood, consists in the power of doing whatever the laws permit, which is only to be effected by a general conformity of all orders and degrees to those equitable rules of action by which the meanest individual is protected from the insults and oppression of the greatest. As therefore every subject is interested in the preservation of the laws, it is incumbent upon every man to be acquainted with those at least with which he is immediately concerned; lest he incur the censure, as well as inconvenience, of living in society without knowing the obligations which it lays him under. And thus much may suffice for persons of inferior condition, who have neither time nor capacity to enlarge their views beyond that contracted sphere in which they are appointed to move. But those, on whom nature and fortune have bestowed more abilities and greater leisure, cannot be so easily excused. These advantages are given them, not for the benefit of themselves only, but also of the public: and yet they cannot, in any scene of life, discharge properly their duty either to the public or themselves, without some degree of knowledge in the laws. All gentlemen of fortune are, in consequence of their property, liable to be called upon to establish the rights, to estimate the injuries, to weigh the accusations and sometimes to dispose of the lives of their fellow-subjects, by serving upon juries. In this situation they have frequently a right to decide, and that upon their oaths, questions of nice importance, in the solution of which some legal skill is requisite; especially where the law and the fact, as it often happens, are intimately blended together. And the general incapacity, even of our best juries, to do this with any tolerable propriety, has greatly debased their authority; and has unavoidably thrown more power into the hands of the judges, to direct, control, and even reverse their verdicts, than perhaps the constitution intended. Yet farther; most gentlemen of considerable property, at some period or other in their lives, are ambitious of representing their country in parliament: and those, who are ambitious of receiving so high a trust, would also do well to remember its nature and importance. They are not thus honorably distinguished from the rest of their fellow-subjects, merely that they may privilege their persons, their estates, or their domestics; that they may list under party banners; may grant or withhold supplies; may vote with or vote against a popular or unpopular administration; but upon considerations far more interesting and important. They are the guardians of the English constitution; the makers, repealers, and interpreters of the English laws; delegated to watch, to check, and to avert every dangerous innovation, to propose, to adopt, and to cherish any solid and well-weighed improvement; bound by every tie of nature, of honor, and of religion, to transmit that constitution and those laws to posterity, amended if possible, at least without any derogation. And how unbecoming must it appear in a member of the legislature to vote for a new law, who is utterly ignorant of the old! ...the science of legislation, the noblest and most difficult of any. Apprenticeships are held necessary to almost every art, commercial or mechanical: a long course of reading and study must form the divine, the physician, and the practical professor of the laws; but every man of superior fortune thinks himself born a legislator. Yet Tully was of a different opinion: “It is necessary,” says he,“for a senator to be thoroughly acquainted with the constitution; and this,” he declares, “is a knowledge of the most extensive nature; a matter of science, of diligence, of reflection; without which no senator can possibly be fit for his office.” ...where the imperial law is much cultivated, and its decisions pretty generally followed, we are informed by Van Leeuwen that “it receives its force from custom and the consent of the people, either tacitly or expressly given; for otherwise,” he adds, “we should no more be bound by this law, than by that of the Almains, the Franks, the Saxons, the Goths, the Vandals, and other of the ancient nations.” Wherefore, in all points in which the different systems depart from each other, the law of the land takes place of the law of Rome, whether ancient or modern, imperial or pontifical. ...A copy of Justinian’s pandects, being newly discovered at Amalfi, soon brought the civil law into vogue all over the west of Europe, where before it was quite laid aside, and in a manner forgotten, though some traces of its authority remained in Italy and the eastern provinces of the empire.This now became in a particular manner the favorite of the popish clergy, who borrowed the method and many of the maxims of their canon law from this original. The study of it was introduced into several universities abroad, particularly that of Bologna, where exercises were performed, lectures read, and degrees conferred in this faculty, as in other branches of science; and many nations on the continent, just then beginning to recover from the convulsions consequent upon the overthrow of the Roman empire, and settling by degrees into peaceable forms of government, adopted the civil law, (being the best written system then extant,) as the basis of their several constitutions; blending and interweaving it among their own feudal customs, in some places with a more extensive, in others a more confined authority. a Norman abbot, being elected to the see of Canterbury, and extremely addicted to this new study, brought over with him in his retinue many learned proficients therein; and, among the rest, Roger, surnamed Vacarius, whom he placed in the university of Oxford to teach it to the people of this country. But it did not meet with the same easy reception in England, where a mild and rational system of laws had been long established, as it did upon the continent; and though the monkish clergy, devoted to the will of a foreign primate, received it with eagerness and zeal, yet the laity, who were more interested to preserve the old constitution, and had already severely felt the effect of many Norman innovations, continued wedded to the use of the common law: King Stephen immediately published a proclamation, forbidding the study of the laws, then newly imported from Italy, which was treated by the monks as a piece of impiety; and, though it might prevent the introduction of the civil law process into our courts of justice, yet did not hinder the clergy from reading and teaching it in their own schools and monasteries. From this time the nation seems to have been divided into two parties, the bishops and clergy, many of them foreigners, who applied themselves wholly to the study of the civil and canon laws, which now came to be inseparably interwoven with each other, and the nobility and laity, who adhered with equal pertinacity to the old common laws; both of them reciprocally jealous of what they were unacquainted with, and neither of them, perhaps, allowing the opposite system that real merit which is abundantly to be found in each. But wherever they retired, and wherever their authority extended, they carried with them the same zeal to introduce the rules of the civil, in exclusion of the municipal law. This appears in a particular manner from the spiritual courts of all denominations, from the chancellor’s courts in both our universities, and from the high court of chancery before mentioned; in all of which the proceedings are to this day in a course much conformed to the civil law: for which no tolerable reason can be assigned, unless that these courts were all under the immediate direction of the popish ecclesiastics (clergy), among whom it was a point of religion to exclude the municipal (governing) law; Pope Innocent the Fourth having forbidden(l) the very reading of it by the clergy, because its decisions were not founded on the imperial constitutions, but merely on the customs of the laity. ...a science, which distinguishes the criterions of right and wrong; which teaches to establish the one, and prevent, punish, or redress the other; which employs in its theory the noblest faculties of the soul, and exerts in its practice the cardinal virtues of the heart; a science, which is universal in its use and extent, accommodated to each individual, yet comprehending the whole community; that a science like this should ever have been deemed unnecessary to be studied in an university, is matter of astonishment and concern. Aristotle himself has said, speaking of the laws of his own country, that jurisprudence, or the knowledge of those laws, is the principal and most perfect branch of ethics. experience may teach us to foretell that a lawyer, thus educated to the bar, in subservience to attorneys and solicitors,(n) will find he has begun at the wrong end. If practice be the whole he is taught, practice must also be the whole he will ever know: if he be not instructed in the elements and first principles upon which the rule of practice is founded, the least variation from established precedents will totally distract and bewilder him: ita lex scripta est(o) is the utmost his knowledge will arrive at; he must never aspire to form, and seldom expect to comprehend, any arguments drawn, a priori, from the spirit of the laws and the natural foundations of justice. The inconveniences here pointed out can never be effectually prevented, but by making academical education a previous step to the profession of the common law, and at the same time making the rudiments of the law a part of academical education. For sciences are of a sociable disposition, and flourish best in the neighborhood of each other; nor is there any branch of learning but may be helped and improved by assistances drawn from other arts. If, therefore, the student in our laws hath formed both his sentiments and style by perusal and imitation of the purest classical writers, among whom the historians and orators will best deserve his regard; if he can reason with precision, and separate argument from fallacy, by the clear simple rules of pure unsophisticated logic; if he can fix his attention, and steadily pursue truth through any the most intricate deduction, by the use of mathematical demonstrations; if he has enlarged his conceptions of nature and art, by a view of the several branches of genuine experimental philosophy; if he has impressed on his mind the sound maxims of the law of nature, the best and most authentic foundation of human laws; if, lastly, he has contemplated those maxims reduced to a practical system in the laws of imperial Rome; if he has done this, or any part of it, (though all may be easily done under as able instructors as ever graced any seats of learning,) a student thus qualified may enter upon the study of the law with incredible advantage and reputation.

Introduction "Son, if you look for the good you will find it. If you look for the bad you will find it too." This was the first moral teaching given to me by my father when I was just a boy. I have found focusing on the good has brought me comfort in troubled times. Learning the truth of good and bad starts with life experiences with family (mothers, fathers, brothers, sisters, grandparents, aunts, uncles, guardians etc..) friends, classmates, teachers (pastors, priests, rabbis, professors, councilors, etc), and adversaries. Truth can be further shaped with the knowledge gained from media (social platforms, news programs, radio, phone, cinema, books, etc.). In this age of coexisting rationalities between Science Theory and Spiritual Faith it can be difficult Discerning (Inferring) the Truth that comes from a Creator, or a Creative Force of Nature and other transformative ideas shared by individuals throughout our existence. It is Self Evident that We the People were given perceptive eyes and a conscious mind to experience this very moment of what I have written and what you have are reading. It is my hope that this Connection will last as long as our memory endures and influences others to focus on the good and find Happiness. In science, Happiness (Hedonia) depends on eliminating negative “pain and displeasure” emotions to free one self to pursue, engage, and find meaning in fundamental pleasures (food, sex) of the body that can overlap with higher-order pleasures (monetary, artistic, musical, altruistic, and transcendent pleasures) of the mind. Each one of us has a Sense (Cognitive Awareness) of the abstract concept of Happiness. And we are able to learn to apply actions based on a past experiences of pleasure in our surroundings and internally that brought us happiness to new situations. The Objective of this essay is to give you accurate information on how to construct a healthy mental framework (thought process) based on positive moments of connection through instruction and shared enjoyment with others. I have chosen to select writings designed to stimulate and strengthen the brain's neuronal pathways as well as create new ones that light the way to finding true happiness. We all have the opportunity to experience a sense of inner peace, if there is a desire (inclination) and patience to recognize the value of it. It is my endeavor to share to the Wisdom I have gained through life experiences to solve present problems and help map a conscious Well-Being framework for future generations to access. It is my opinion, that Consciousness is relative to our capacity to integrate information we perceive subjectively and objectively to the surroundings around us. We are all given personal freedom of Conscious to Believe that the existence of Time, Laws and Declarations are the Design of a Supernatural Creator, a Creative Force of Nature, or a mere ‘Accidental’ Truth. There are those that purpose we are all just Avatars in a Mental Simulation. Some think everything is a mechanism of a Perfect Pattern generated by random chance. I hope to strip away current bias of belief and unbelief in our quest for truth to what better formulate what Happiness means by presenting testimony and definitions to you. We will journey past the darkness of ignorance of mere opinion or guess work thinking and journey across disciplines of knowledge to assess justified reasons for spiritual illumination known as True Belief. We will search through the Ages for Wisdom of Theologians, Rabbis, Professors, Philosophers, and sacred text, oral testimony that our existence is nurtured by Transcendence, Enlightenment, Grace, and Desire of Human Beings to share stories. I have an idea! Take a minute and focus on the word HAPPINESS. Now put a smile on your face and meditate on nothing, but what you believe HAPPINESS to be. Do this as long as you feel that it is comfortable. Now close your eyes and focus on Happiness. Take a break from reading and connect with a loved one or friend that is easy to talk to. I will leave the light on for you. Welcome back. Do you have a better idea on what Happiness is? In approximately one-twentieth of a second the words you have been are attentively reading are being experienced and internally processed while other thought streams (trains of thought) are simultaneously processing time you have chosen to see and perceive. Many time memory cells make a home in your mind through a sensory register process (sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch). Time memory cells can connect with similar cells to proliferate (multiply) a dramatic experience through a concept of time. For me the phrase, "I will leave the light on for you" has a nostalgic tie to when I was young, and my parents would leave the front porch light on when I came home late at night. That episodic memory still puts a smile on my face and like many Americans connected with the advertisement slogans like the nostalgic Motel 6, "We will leave the light on for you." Our ability to recall episodes shows and advertisement slogans have purpose. Episodic memories are formed by physical, internal contained information, and behavioral changes that follow a 24-hour cycle circadian rhythms. These natural rhythm processes respond primarily to our light/dark, sleep/awake process, and also cell oscillations manifesting as marked changes in memory acquisition and recall of previously encoded events and connected emotions that are stored in the brain. Recreating the context that brought you Happiness will improve your memory performance of the associated emotion. Observing my parents, I learned early on the joy of having someone give support and guidance with life decisions. My parents only incentive was to see me happy and healthy. Their only reward was to see a smile on my face and gratitude for guidance. An example, would be the context for the happy memory "I will leave the light on for you." becomes incorporated with the associations and thus the path of retrieval, facilitating recall of other happy memories that had a similar context, which includes marketing slogans. Watching people helping others in need makes me happy. The associative memory cells (neurons) of watching people helping others triggers an emotional response of happiness that gets strengthened through a process called consolidation. In this process the labile state (Short Term Memory) of your experience is transformed into a more stable state (Long Term Memory) effect during deep sleep and meditation. Try not to immediately engage in attention-demanding tasks after learning. This impairs the consolidation of previously learned information. The memory of Happiness becomes a gift to our conscious that is not easily forgotten. At this moment I want you to recall that fond memory of someone helping you and associate it with the concept that LOVE BRINGS HAPPINESS THROUGH THE SUPPORT AND GUIDANCE OF OTHERS. Constructing a healthy mental framework requires that we identify and then reconstruct the context of Misery (negative memories) by learning how to overcome any negative experience that is uneasy, uncomfortable, unpleasant, and or difficult with understanding Happiness. Our mental construct of Love will adapt to a world where Nature competes with a digital universe of mixed media for our time memory. We will access and engage with present and past thinkers who will give greater understanding of my self, your self, and others, and the world we live in through information literacy and science. This essay designed to make your mental framework come alive and diffuse negative events that cause worry, panic, sadness and bad habits to rise. The first step to changing context is to accept that certain events in life will not go your way. You need to understand yourself as interwoven with the the world outside of you that may at times cause both Joy and Misery. Though meditation (prayer) and education, one can learn to identify and negate destructive reactive behaviors connected with a particular negative memory. Traumatic negative memories and habits may be challenging and take more time overcome depending on the severity of the event or series of events which caused stress, fear, anger, and harm. I personally have been working breaking away the bad habit of repeating the same mistakes again. A habit is a behavior pattern of actions that bring a recognized memory and an associated emotion that is repeated both consciously and subconsciously. We should all want to identify and remove bad habits that bring us Misery and make a concerted (mutual) effort to replace bad habits with good habits that bring us joy. Our understanding of what is a healthy mental framework should be connecting with individuals social and organizational ethical frameworks that compliment a mutual Pursuit of Happiness. Take a minute. And focus on the word CONNECTION. Now put a smile on your face and meditate on nothing, but what you believe CONNECTION to be. Do this as long as you feel that it is comfortable. Now close your eyes and focus on Connection that brings Happiness. Take a break from reading and share happy thoughts with a loved one or friend that is easy to talk to. Welcome back. Do you have a better idea on what Connection is? For Humanist, Love can be a Radiant (Aura) of Connection (Mutual Memory) experienced according to the dictates of individual conscious. "We are family. Get up everybody and sing." This timeless song by Sister Sledge shares an amazing message for parents and siblings connecting together in one Spirit of love and faith in each other. "We have Spirit, yes we do, we've got Spirit, how about you?" In Sports competition, the home-team advantage stems from a supportive home crowd that is connected to players. Spirit is defined as a collective belief in an animating force (pervading truth) of principles that keep our nation alive and unchanged in an evolving future. Speech of Patrick Henry - June 5, 1788 The American Spirit is defined as a collective belief in an animating force (pervading truth) of principles that keep our nation alive and unchanged in an evolving future. Many people like myself believe Love to be an invisible power connection with the Creator (God, Great Architect, Holy Spirit) of everything we perceive. It is my opinion, that is possible to bridge understanding between Humanist (Materialist) and the Theist (Spiritualist) through a broad definition of the Universal Spirit of Love, meaning being in the presence and connecting with one Divine Conscious or many kindred Spirits (soul mates, manifestations) that share the same belief, cause, and/or ideal. The wisdom of the Universal Spirit gives our heads (rational actions) and hearts (emotional actions) a way of becoming free (no attachment) of Misery (guilt, shame, persecution, torment, trauma). It is through the teachings of Love that the Universal Spirit can undo and vanquish the bad actions associated with Misery. Take a minute. And focus on the word SPIRIT and do nothing, but breath. Now put a smile on your face and meditate on nothing, but what you believe SPIRIT to be. Do this as long as you feel that it is comfortable. Now close your eyes and focus on Connecting with a Universal Spirit that brings you Happiness. Take a break from reading and connect with a loved one or friend that is easy to talk to. Welcome back. Do you have a better idea on what Universal Spirit is? Representatives of the Thirteen original colonies wrote and passed through word of mouth tradition, that through it was through sheer will and power the our Great Universal Spirit endowed humanity with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness as defined in the Declaration of Independence. I ask you the reader to temporarily suspend your preconception or disbelief on whether or not a Creative Force of Nature exists or how an Apostolic teaching can give understanding on how the choice of our actions can lead to Life and Happiness or Death and Misery. Important life experiences proliferate our memory cells to help stabilize an unique emotional well being. This is similar to data memory in computers. A close analogy would be that Artificial Intelligence is able perceive the environment, engage in decision making of whether to accumulate or discard in moments of time memory. We store, edit, and delete information on our personal computer all the time. Other memory cells get discarded for various reasons. To understand my reasoning on the topic of LOVE it is important to that I give you the reader background on the concepts of truth, virtue and the opportunity for happiness. I will be introducing and organizing relevant subject material (data) that establishes a frame of reference relating to systematic chains of thought that accurately explain the noumenon (concept) known as Virtue (Good Conduct) and how it relates to Love. It is my intention to guide you to the benefit of building strong character traits of respect and love for others without being to verbose, which might be not possible. In humility, I hope my essay to be an addendum to Jefferson's "The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth" (also known as the Jefferson Bible) and George Washington's "Rules of Civility & Decent Behavior" to best present the moral truth found in the Didache of the 12 Apostles and other works of Wisdom. In hope of sharing my personal Happiness, I claim the right to poetic license and layout design when it comes to the Emphasis of my thoughts and feelings in defining this idea. I will cite all my work with hyper text links to support a maxim (theory). Like Washington's Rules of Civility & Decent Behavior it is my first premise that there is a fraternal order of a true beliefs and customs that are self-evident (obvious, eternal) to finding Happiness and virtuous people of good character. We can understand the fragility of life to be self-evident. But, understanding a worthy purpose and value is unclear for many. And we must must be on guard to discern those individuals and media that attempt to dissuade us from the pursuit of true Happiness. The focus this study on discovering Happiness is searching for true wisdom instruction on how to obtain it. To get started on this endeavor; We must commit ourselves to NOT dishonor every gift of Wisdom that we accept as Truth. And knowing the Wisdom of Happiness is different from actually living it. Once good advise has been found, I have tried to honor this achievement in gratitude by inspiring others to discover and share its Usefulness and practice it in daily life. Teachers in fields in education can appreciate the benefit of positive reinforcement. An honest Social Engineer (Constitutional Framer, Lawyer) would see the benefits of a mentally happy community (society) that share the same understanding values. Those of faith would discern this as a method to reinforce the Dynamic (Generation) of Goodwill (Honor). I believe it is self evident that there is no downside to staying upbeat with positive thinking. In this essay we will explore the mechanisms to create positive neuroplasticity (physical change to the brain) and socioplasticity (cultural change to a society) that should be studied for its benefits to the happiness of our human condition. In addition, we will look at the ability to adaptively change the expression of our social behavior (cognitive mechanisms) according to experience we have in understanding the beliefs and intentions of others. This can be done by identifying social constructs of conduct that have been created and accepted by people throughout history. In the Age of Enlightenment the United States Declaration of Independence “the pursuit of happiness” was understood to be both a public duty and a private right by which society is governed through principles of law. I am using President Thomas Jefferson's syllabus method used in his book "The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth" as a starting point to best present the historical evolution of good and bad conduct. Jefferson's book was made made by cutting out gospel wisdom passages of the New Testament (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) and arranging them on the pages of a blank book, in a certain order of time or subject that he thought best to present the philosophical teachings of Jesus without the supernatural attention to showcase a well reasoned path to happiness in the world we live in and the hereafter. Thomas Jefferson to Charles Thomson, 9 January 1816 President John Adams understood the magnitude of Jefferson's work to be separating Jesus from the Divine to Jesus the Philosopher. John Adams to Thomas Jefferson, 14 November 1813 I will follow Jefferson's same syllabus method by adapting the modern technology of copying, cutting, and pasting a reasoned comparison of the Didache's text line by line with my life experiences, media and the Holy Word (Scripture) given by a supernatural Creative Force of Nature that has been witnessed and testified by the Jewish, Christian, and Muslim faiths. In addition, I will include other faiths, philosophy, and natural science in context to critically research a particular social teaching. I have chosen to research based on an outline of the Didache of the 12 Apostles, because the text is honored as the 'first catechism' (articles of faith) of the Christian church. The Didache (dee-da-ke, Greek word for teaching) of the 12 Apostles is a timeless moral compass that identifies selfless positive actions that lead to life and prosperity and negative selfish actions that lead to death and destruction. For nonChristians the Didache is a code of conduct without references to angels, prophecy and miracles. The principles of right living by the golden rule apply to everyone regardless of culture or creed. For those in Behavior Sciences and religious naturalist the Didache is a good window to understanding the evolution of Jewish, Christian, and Islamic social morality. Congruent (in harmony) to the Laws give to the Israelites through Moses, the Didache is an instruction manual that defines how to be righteous (law abiding) Christians. Over time the original Didache was replaced with revised teachings that brought about new catechisms, church schisms, reformations, and the birth of Arianism, Islam, Protestantism, Mormonism and Unitarianism. We will then contrast the Didache's principles of good conduct with British philosopher John Locke social contract theory of civil government that greatly influenced American political thought. My first premise is the path (mechanism) to finding Happiness is to understand, accept and develop a Cognitive Behavior (Conduct) Appetite (Desire) to being Good (Virtuous). I find optimizing Behavior to be similar to understanding the human body by developing a healthy lifestyle. Through repetition one habits will change to clear Vision (Memory, thought) of what past actions and testimonies (teachings) by others brought a true or false Sense (Cognitive Awareness) of Happiness. The first form of repetition you can share the wisdom of Hope by sharing the story (memory) how someone helped you find Optimism on your future. It is clear from my experience that people that practice goodwill live longer, happier, healthier lives. My second premise is to understand and distinguish the balance of our desire and memory of Pleasure (Release) and Serenity (Tranquility, Peace) with a clear vision of Virtue in our pursuit of Joy. Throughout this essay I plan to prove that it is Virtue (Honor) that provides us the ability to be aware of a higher form of happiness than a temporary pleasurable moments to our physical Appetites (Cravings). By being Mindful (focusing) on knowledge learned on how to optimize our natural Moral Instinct (Sense, Personality Trait) to love others will bring greater happiness over our Desire (Passion, Inclination, Physical Instinct) of of temporary sensual pleasures. It is also my position that Nature has given our brain the ability to express any form of Virtue or Pleasure( Survival (Necessity) requires. Both forms create a psychological loops, Virtue develops inner regulation of calmness and peace, Pleasure is outer sensory physical release. My third premise that to obtain this Virtue one must learn to develop the ability to discern (reason) what actions (decisions, paths) are deemed good that bring Happiness and the bad actions that bring Misery. It is up each one of us to choose the right path to take and face the outcome of our decision. The achievements and failures we make in life teach us the contrast of Happiness to Misery. For me, Happiness like being comfortably cool floating in clear water with a slight. And Misery is experiencing the agony of sweat boiling from hot stagnant humidity. In time, the repetition of Good (Virtuous) actions that have brought us happiness will develop into automatic habits that are done without intentional thinking. Through practice one can develop a moral sense of Joy by developing a Habit (force of will) doing good (virtuous) actions without the expectation or need to constrain the reward of pleasure. In the Hebrew Scriptures Proverbs 11: 24 One person is generous and yet grows more wealthy, but another withholds more than he should and comes to poverty. To pursue the Truth of Happiness we must aspire to find those unique individuals we universally respect as role models (mentors) and take seriously their wisdom given that leads us away from the darkness of despair to the light of happiness. The function of a good mentor is to evaluate (judge) our mental and emotional wellbeing and to provide explicit and implicit lessons related to development of a conscious controlled balance of maintaining happiness in work and personal life. It is of equal importance to be able to connect our internal understandings of Happiness to the position to a particular role model's moral foundation. 'Practice what you preach!' is common feeling of betrayal when an mentor is caught not following the values that are being taught. We have to remember that even the best of us are only human and stumble from time to time. I know that I have made plenty of mistakes in my life. But, the wisdom that I have learned from flawed mentors like myself has been profound. One lesson I have learned is that Forgiveness (Mercy) is one of the most beautiful acts one can do to obtain happiness. In today's cancel culture forgiveness has become a rarely used function of modern communication. It is my opinion, mercy and a mutual willingness to work together through positive and negative experiences are determining factors on the outcome of finding true joy. The essay will also discuss how to be on guard against individuals that have a negative moral character that ruthlessly pursue their own interests, even when it negatively affects others (or even for the sake of it), while having beliefs that justify these behaviors. Psychologists understand the term 'dark traits' to include negative personality features that are linked to not giving aid to individuals in need. In psychology, the dark quintet comprises the personality traits of egoism, Machiavellianism, narcissism, sadism, spitefulness. People with these traits tend to be callous and manipulative, willing to do or say practically anything to get their way. They have an inflated view of themselves and are often shameless about self-promotion. These individuals are likely to be impulsive and may engage in dangerous behavior—in some cases, even committing crimes—without any regard for how their actions affect others. On my life path to happiness I have had the pleasure and honor of encountering happy mentors that have the ability to dissipate any negative feelings with their welcoming presence and positive influence. Through keen observation these happy individuals have trained (neuro hacked) their minds to consciously Discern (Judge) what is negative and be in harmony with the positive. Through Force of Will (Will Force, Thought Force) they are able to induce (manifest) an aura (good actions, vibrations, energy) love (goodwill) and joy to the environment (people, animals, plants) around them. I have also met persuasive mentors who can confidently look me in the eyes, while asking my interests and what will truly bring happiness (fulfillment) to my life. Through experience I have witnessed the keen ability of these individuals to predict a likely outcome based on my given response. Some predictions by these individual were so powerful that I perceived as true and like grace (magic) that they began to initiate a self-fulfilling prophecy to me in a particular moment of uncertainty. Interacting with these mentors can become a compelling activity for susceptive (vulnerable) people going through life transitions (new job, relocating, ending relationships, children leaving home, medical condition, death). In similar manner I have experienced authoritarian mentors that have the power to dictate and control both the decisions and actions I made in daily life. Through repetitive emotional conditioning a drillmaster (taskmaster, disciplinarian) has an Alpha (Dominant) Will power that totally breaks down individuality and bias experienced living in everyday in mainstream culture. One becomes inculcated (indoctrinate, remolded) to unhesitatingly obey and NOT discuss (question, deviate) from the desired behavior (manner). An authoritarian force of will can cause one to relinquish individual responsibility for actions taken and see behavior to be a consequence of group norms and expectations. At the same time we have to recognize that fear is one of the most basic human emotions programmed into the nervous system and works like an instinct. A good authoritarian mentor teaches you a good framework (form) to confront your worst fears. A bad authoritarian mentor searches for your deepest fears on how to manipulate you and give little actionable advice on how to find happiness. From experience the first trait I look for in a Mentor is one that can remain Calm (Centered) with expressing their feelings and actions. And intentionally cultivates a positive learning environment that supports their method of instruction. Of particular interest is learning essential life skills such as responsible decision making and emotional regulation. Both the mentor and student should share identifiable anxieties honestly, and wholeheartedly encourage seeking of wisdom in order to be able to properly cope with them. The Mentor may not condone certain beliefs or actions the student may have learned in life. But, they need to understand the path they coming from. And one lesson is learning to avoid life mistakes the hard way. As you become familiar with a mentor's idea on how to find Happiness you will be able to better formulate your own method to attain a path to happiness that lies within our individual circumstances. Just like finding a proper mentor you have the right to expect from this written essay the sincerity of my purpose in pursuing happiness and evaluation of the evidence supporting it. It is my endeavor for you the reader to objectively compare my thoughts of happiness and contrast it with the wisdom of others. Understanding happiness can also emanate from produced media (written word, oral tradition, role play, audio podcast, video stream) wisdom and instruction given by wise individuals currently living or no longer dwelling (deceased) on this plane of existence. Finding good instruction on how to truly attain happiness can be a difficult task. The need to convey our feelings and thoughts to each other in the society has been felt from time immemorial. Faced with countless different Authors, how does a truth seeker know what to look at, let alone read? I have found in good books the author's intent (purpose) should be made clear in the introduction. I propose that the truth to happiness is eternal and not relative to the period of time you live in. But, I also do believe that the definition of happiness does evolve and can be subject to the environment that surrounds it. There are many subtle levels of meaning to understand 'What is Reality now and back in past?" Wisdom often is modified, distorted, and scribed into something different from it original meaning. The more accepted eye witnesses accounts to a particular author and the cultural environment around a particular point of time a revelation is revealed the clearer the message will be received. Modern Anthropology uses scientific theory, taxonomy, philosophy, history, and prehistorical evidence to contrast the increasing pace of cultural change of understanding to what is the reality of a particular wisdom writing in your time to that of mine and the past. In writing this essay I have spent many hours researching translations done in the native tongue or source language to get the best representation of ideas expressed in a particular wisdom and its development throughout history. The way that this reality is known is through one's perceptions of it through a nuanced process with respect to revelation expression of any subject or event. We know perceptions based on evidence from one or more of the five senses can derive from a distorted revelation. Van Gogh had a color vision deficiency that was displayed in the contrast of his paintings. Hellen Keller's loss of vision and hearing gave her a different understanding of what is 'inner light' her writing. Moses had a speech impediment so he used his brother's voice to speak with the Israelites. We must then focus on the mind of an author. A young thirteen year old George Washington translated a maxim of conduct from the French book of Manners that one must respect all in Company and Conversation. The Father of the United States taught the Nation that Enlightenment (Understanding) was found through the etiquette of proper manners (behavior). I do my best to follow his advice in all my communication. His decorum of respect for others was followed throughout his life. After explaining this to my 13 year old son Luke, he responded that understanding happiness takes practice doing what you believe to be good. George Washington's Rules of Civility & Decent Behavior It is my hope to give the same Civil (Reasonable) courtesy and respect all the individuals that I mention in this discourse. In my experience Civility leads to rich human conversations, smiles, and laughter. The importance of Respect for others was taught to me early on through televised communication. In the 1970s millions of American parents sat their girls and boys in front of the television to watch Mr. Rogers Neighborhood on Public Broadcasting System (PBS). Fred Rogers was an ordained Presbyterian minister. But, I did not know that when I was a kid. I just remember Mr. Rogers, as a kind gentleman that always wore a warm cardigan sweater and blue sneakers (boat shoes). Mr. Rogers was my first television neighbor who always welcomed me every morning with, "I'm glad we're together again." He taught children like myself to love everyone. Fred Rogers understood the importance of Civility when meeting with other Neighbors, Associates, and any anyone we come in contact with; regardless of race, nationality, religion or other distinctions. The World According to Mister Rogers: Important Things to Remember We are All Neighbors - Page 61 It is my belief that we all have to focus on Righteous individuals like Mr. Rogers that have an instinctive desire to preserve and improve all life. The value of Collective (Sharing) Wisdom from Righteous individuals is enormous; it inspires us; it warns us; it furnishes us with names, facts and scenes from collaborative storehouse of memory. It directs our thoughts, tastes, and accomplishes tasks so intricate that individually we do not have the capacity to obtain. No one can be coerced to search for Happiness. But, through mutual respect and Social Contract (Declaration and Constitution) Society can advocate its Citizens to be healthy and do good in their Independent Pursuit (Liberty) of obtaining the Grace (Gift) of personal Joy. Mr. Rogers did not force me to be mindful of others, rather he gently encouraged me to focus on my Ideal of Happiness and learn to understand its opposite. Fred Rogers masterfully taught me to idealize myself as a special person that had the power to influence the lives of everyone I meet with either happiness or misery. This ideal (fixed purpose) led me to begin visualizing what Happiness and Misery really is. The Pursuit of Happiness In our pursuit for the Truth of happiness I shall begin my essay with a quote from the United States Declaration of Independence adopted by The Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. Behavior Science has taught me that learning comes through observation, imitation, and modelling individuals that appear happy and successful. Every time we learn something new our mirror neuron system (network of neurons located in frontal lobe of brain) becomes active and stores that episodic information, so in the future we can act accordingly. The first advice of of achieving happiness comes from a distinguished American gentleman that exemplified leadership, vision and civil (virtuous) conduct throughout his life. Our nation's first President, George Washington writes a letter to his elderly mother, giving practical advice on what is really important in life. Washington's belief that implicit happiness is not a quantifiable object or equation lost in the world. Rather, America's first President regarded happiness to be found if understood as an internal framework mechanism (attitude) within our conscious that controls the outcome of our thoughts. Any man that can convince and train battle weary soldiers to fight for the ideal of happiness gets a seat in my campfire as guest I value and trust. From George Washington to Mary Ball Washington, 15 February 1787 A Neuroscientist (neurobiologist) at this point may interject and state that Happiness is just an illusion of the mind, due to a flooding of the our brain's limbic reward regions (biocircuitry) with dopamine, a feel good neurotransmitter chemical that causes a decrease in frontal cortex regulation. When when we eat food that we crave or while we have sex our dopamine system is activated, we are more positive, excited and eager to go after goals or rewards, such as food, sex, money, education, professional, family achievements, salvation. A person of faith would look at happiness to be more than just a frontal cortex limitation (illusion) involving higher-order executive functions that maintain; our self-control, emotions, behavioral regulation, awareness, attention, memory, bias, associative learning, which results in a suspension (interception) in judgement (reason) that distorts our perception and future actions within a network of neurons (nerve cells) containing memories that remind us what to seek out and will be rewarded. I believe it is important for us to investigate the various brain states associated with happiness and the components that relate to well-being. And contrast these associations and components of happiness with those of desire. My focus will be group of nerve cells that function as control centers affecting happiness (peace, joy, sated) and desire (motivation, arousal, hunger). Scientist theorize that Happiness as an emotion produced by a interaction between our internal (endogenic) metabolic substances and processes that originate from within the hypothalamus, a peanut sized structure deep inside the brain and external (exogenic) factors of that activate our attentional orienting system. When you experience Joy, happiness floods your body with a wave of endorphins I remember in school as a student my teacher posed the question on which came first, the chicken or the egg? I see a similar case, on which comes first, Happiness or Desire? It is not clear which metaphoric adjective is the cause or effect to these stimuli. Is it Spiritual (Supernatural) or Biochemical perception and response to external (surrounding) world (environment, stimuli)? Or is it a mixture of both? Is our Conscience result of Universal thought manifestations (Spirits) from a Cosmic Creator (Hashem, Allah, God) operating on a dimensional plane outside known Creation? Is the neural activity patterns of our Conscience attention orienting system supernaturally designed (developed, coded)to be intentionally influenced by supernatural manipulation of both space and time affecting our cognitive beliefs, attitudes, behavior involving faith practices, including prayer(meditation, contemplation) and nurtured learning. Science theorizes our conscience to result of a neurochemical identification filtering process that involves not only the evolution of perception through Natural Selection, but through a Bioalgorithm underlying our sociocognitive beliefs, attitudes, or behavior involving intentional and unintentional influence of nature including meditation and nurtured learning. If it is the latter, then we are the product of random chance design that has evolved over time to create an organism with stereotypic burst-firing neurons that involve voluntary (deliberate) and involuntary (unintentional) influence to internal memory, perception, understanding and imagination? If our conscious a result chance of Natural Selection (Biological Determinism) , that our body creates awareness, then awareness is governed by physical laws and sociocognitive learning dies (ceases to exist) along with the body in one final dream. If our consciousness created by a supernatural Spirit, then whether our body is governed physical laws and our consciousness (awareness) experiences death is not clear. Further, I would our Conscious (Mind) is a experiential bridge between our measurable biochemical powered brain perception and our undetectable (unmeasurable) Spirit (soul, light) from an unknown system outside time and space. This experiential bridge has unique design synaptic (brain) thought pattern (configuration) of encoded neurons and synapses memories that are incompatible with biological determinism. The concept of Happiness gives us hope beyond explicit reason. Testimonies of happiness have been shared in wisdom storytelling and spiritual writings (symbology) in cultures since the beginning of recorded time. Through the use of metaphors (symbols) and allegories (parables, tales) our mind can grasp invisible realities (imagination) of the unmeasurable Spirit by association with experiences we have encountered in our physical environment and nurtured learning of reality throughout our lifetime. As our physical and cultural sense grow, our Personal Story (Identity) our Point of View (Frame of Reference) of this world becomes more defined. Monotheists and Polytheists profess (believe) that the Frame of Reference to our physical and Spiritual existence is a result of the Glory and Wonder of the Great Spirit (Creator, God, Hashem, Allah, Brahma). The Conscious Mind of the Creator emanates (radiates) waves of light, energy and sound similar the Sun we see every day. The Creator emanates Thoughts (Angels, Pure Spirits, Constructs, Messengers) manifest themselves throughout our ever expanding Universe. One thought manifestation is known by Christians to be the Spirit of Love. It is believed that the Fruit of the Spirit of Love (Happiness, Joy, Peace, Gentleness, Goodness) is bestowed (Graced) to individuals that Pursuit (Seek, Desire) as a result virtuous deeds to frame their mind to understand and accepting Wisdom (Truth) of this Eternal construct. Galatians 5 Thomas Jefferson believed this it can be quite difficult to see distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior with just one self. Morality is to found by observing our duty to the rules agreed upon by a social contract made with fellow citizens. The imperfection of ego allows one to share false implicit ideas of what is good is a life of self gratification. Self love leads to putting ourselves over our duty to being civil with and at times endanger others. For this reason Jefferson considered that self love should not be defined as being either moral or virtuous. Our late president went further and affirmed that through instruction and discipline one could attain virtue. Jefferson believed the primal emotional pleasure of happiness originates from the realization that that is a natural instinct to love of others. And it is my premise that this love drives our instinct to help others escape the primal emotional pain of misery. But, it is our imperfection of senses that limit our ability to understand this instinct to love with temporary rewarding and pleasurable experiences our brains are wired to seek and enjoy that with excess can impede our pursuit of happiness. Thomas Jefferson to Thomas Law, 13 June 1814 A Social Disposition can be a desirable or undesirable intentional pattern of behavior (character) that can include an intentional stance (belief) and/or action that may impact other individuals or the environment around them for the better or worse. Examples of desirable dispositions; resourcefulness, curiosity, persistence, honesty, empathy, leadership, integrity, and respect. Examples of undesirable dispositions, such as selfishness, impatience, and intolerance. It is my belief that these dispositions are developed through a habit of mind under both by conscious and unconscious suggestions observed from intentional and accidental events. Jefferson wrote to his friend, the principal author of the United States Constitution, James Madison, on his view of proper education playing a key role in safeguarding National Liberty. All Americans should take the time to study the concept of Human Rights and illuminate problems encountered in protecting them. ALL PEOPLE should learn the religious, philosophical and social customs that have evolved and enabled the Framing a Social Contract that is significant to our lives. To James Madison from Thomas Jefferson, 20 December 1787 Before you start reading further, please take the time make yourself comfortable. Relaxation will open your mind to understanding the knowledge being shared to you. Reflect on a cherished memory of people you trust and love. I have many fond memories of vacationing around the country with my parents. One reoccurring memory I have is vacationing at Big Meadows Campground secluded in the rolling hills of Shenandoah National Park. In my memory I am roasting the perfect marshmallow over the glowing coals of our campfire. Dad tells Mom what a good time he was having and how much he loves us. I like to now imagine a new memory of my father camping with the grandchildren he never got to meet during his time here on earth. I can clearly imagine my parents and family ancestors sitting around a campfire with sharing their thoughts of love in a safe bliss of peace. Every time you recall any given moment that brings you happiness, it becomes a catalyst (stimulus) to cause a biochemical synthesis (chemical reaction) that produces extra receptors (signal-receiving neurons) that are stored to the amygdala in a unique emotion long term memory (ELTM). The amygdala is functionally connected to the fusiform face area (FFA) and stimulates a visual episodic long-term memory (VLTM). The amygdala also is connected to the hippocampus and stimulates a unique spatial long term memory (SLTM). Like physical exercise, one must intend to consistently practice thinking about a Happy moment even when it is uncomfortable. Through conditioning neutral and negative stimuli can become connected to that specific long term happy memory (LTHM). I can imagine the Greek Empiricist (Passive Sensualist), Epicurus sitting around our campfire teaching us how to frame our intellect to seek the wisdom of what brings happiness, long life, and good fortune. Their wisdom has taught me to focus on Just (Good, Righteous) social relations. With like minded Good People I have been able to discover further path's to a peace of mind. Some of these good individuals lived at a different point of time, but their words endured the test of time. I now point the torch of wisdom to the Greek Philosopher Epicurus warning one to avoid the unhealthy risks and consequences of engaging with Corrupt (Bad, Wicked) minds in constant unrested conflict. Principal Doctrines, 310 BC – 270 BC Epicurus Epicurus shared good wisdom. We need to guard our conscious against the suggestion of fear, hatred, selfishness, greed, self-depreciation and other negative forces, derived from surrounding ourselves chronically distressed persons or focusing on unfortunate circumstances to be the social norm. We need to train our minds gather accurate Inferences (Conclusions based on evidence and reasoning) from sources that are Just with peace of mind. Let us imagine Aristotle's talks of reason in Lyceum (Peripatetic School, public teaching space outside the city wall of Athens) to the ears of every male citizen taking an active part in the running of the Democratic Athenian government, his method to advance the Western Civilization (Civilized Society, Refined Culture, Advanced Education). Plato's student, Aristotle understood that knowledge of what happiness is comes first through distinguishing and storing the memories of the pains and pleasures that come from our senses every waking moment. Through our memory we are to frame our thoughts to recall and contemplate (meditate) the pleasurable moments to override the painful ones that transpire. Try meditating on the cherished happy memory you choose earlier to relax when you are in pain, stressed, or depressed. Metaphysics , 340 BC Book 1, section 980a Aristotle Aristotle believed virtue (good habits) to be the supporting structure for our internal framework our minds to think above our established visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and tactile pathways to the brain. It is virtue that provides us the ability to be aware of a higher form of happiness than a temporary pleasure moments to our physical appetites (cravings). To obtain this wisdom one must learn to develop the ability to discern (reason) what actions are deemed virtues. In time, the repetition of virtuous actions will develop into automatic habits that are done without intentional thinking. One will gain wisdom (greater understanding) to the benefits and risks of following principles (ideas) that may or may not lead to happiness. A behavior scientist would state this neuronal override is accomplished through Pavlova conditioning of amygdala neutral and negative stimuli can become connected to that specific Long Term Happy Memory (LTHM). The Nicomachean Ethics , 340 BC Book X - Chapter 7 Aristotle In this passage, the Greek philosopher Plato shares the meaning of happiness through conversational exchange between Plato's teacher, Socrates persuading his fellow Athenian, Cleinias to love and share wisdom. It is through this dialogue that Plato frames happiness and good fortune being found through wisdom (knowledge) of the right use of things in life. The Greek philosopher shared his truth to our reality through the Socratic Method (Prose Dialogue) of constructing social exchanges that reason (harmonize) with our independent intellect (mirror neuron system). Euthydemus 380 BC By Plato At this point it is important to do a comparative analysis of Western European thoughts to those a continent away forming different traditions of obtaining happiness. Let us begin in the state Lu (Tengzhou, Shandong Province) just east of the green misted Taihang mountain range, known for its ancient religious worship and schools of Eastern philosophy. Mohist innovation culture, which is the outstanding tradition and important spiritual trait of the Chinese nation the ancients of Chinese mythology, but he criticized the Confucian belief that modern life should be patterned on the ways of the ancients. After all, he pointed out, what we think of as "ancient" was actually innovative in its time, and thus should not be used to hinder present-day innovation Shandong's Mount Tai is the most revered mountain of Taoism and one of the world's sites with the longest history of continuous religious worship. The city of Qufu is the birthplace of Confucius the Hundred Schools of Thought. Mozi (Mo Di, Mo-tze) was a Chinese philosopher who founded the school of Mohism philosophy of logic, rational thought and science. Mozi taught that a Righteous (Superior) Being has a unique ability to frame the mind to sacrifice self-interest and focus on respectful actions of altruism towards others. Superior beings are free from corruption and humble with their fortune. One must respect and love and mourn all that have passed through all stages of life and death. By being mindful (focusing) on knowledge learned on how altruism brings happiness over temporary pleasures. Like Aristole, Mozi aimed at the development of morality and reason. Mozi developed the concept of Universal Love (兼愛; pinyin: jiān ài) arguing that there should be no degree or conditionality in love. Ancient Greeks had at least four different types of love, among which agape was unconditional, spiritual or divine love. in representing the world in their paintings. Moral Relativism to a particular Aristotle provided observational arguments supporting the idea of a spherical Earth, namely that different stars are visible in different locations, travelers going south see southern constellations rise higher above the horizon, and the shadow of Earth on the Moon during a lunar eclipse is round, and spheres cast circular shadows while discs generally do not. Aristotelian physics include the structuring of the cosmos into concentric spheres, with the Earth at the centre (center) and celestial spheres around it. The terrestrial sphere was made of four elements, namely earth, air, fire, and water, subject to change and decay. The celestial spheres were made of a fifth element, an unchangeable aether (ether). Objects made of these elements have natural motions: those of earth and water tend to fall; those of air and fire, to rise. The speed of such motion depends on their weights and the density of the medium. Aristotle argued that a vacuum could not exist as speeds would become infinite. This understanding was accompanied by models of the Universe that depicted the Sun, Moon, stars, and unclothed eye planets circling the spherical Earth, including the noteworthy models of Aristotle (see Aristotelian physics) and Ptolemy. Mozi 470 - 391 BC Book 1 Self-cultivation Mozi was originally a follower of the teachings of Confucius, until he became convinced that Confucianism's dutiful love for the nobles, and the family patriarch, should be replaced with a wider dutiful love and respect for all. Mozi teachings became embraced by the lower classes of society. Mozi Book 4 Universal Love III Confucius is known in China as "Master Kong" (Chinese: Kongzi) a Chinese thinker from Qufu City in the Shandong Province of Eastern China. Confucius is the first professional teacher, writer and scholar of moral education. He believed that human beings were naturally good and that selfish interests could be controlled by adherence to virtue. His influence upon East Asian intellectual and social history is immeasurable. The Analects (Selected Passages) of Confucius recorded by his students. In the Analects of Confucius teaches that outcome is related to one's thoughts and actions. Happiness is having a positive attitude during every moment of your life under any circumstance. Wealth and honors are outside who you are What others say about you is only a guide to how you present yourself. All of these material things fade away. The Analects of Confucius 7. 述而 Shu er - Transmitting - 475 - 221 BC It is said Kunlun became identified with Mount Sumeru (Meru, मेरु), Sineru or Mahāmeru) as the axis mundi in the 5th century. Mount Sumeru is the sacred five-peaked mountain of Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist cosmology and is considered to be the center of all the physical, metaphysical and spiritual universes. On the top of Mt. Meru is the symbolic home of Buddha and the 33 gods. Around Mt. Meru are the four continents in the four directions. Each of the four heavenly kings protect one direction, one continent: Vaishravana (North), Dhritarashtra (East), Virudhaka (South), Virupaksha (West). These four kings represent the first Indian gods incorporated into the Buddhist narrative. The Four Guardian Kings came before Shakyamuni Buddha just after the Buddha achieved enlightenment under the bodhi tree. The four offered, each individually, a black bowl made of sapphire or lapis lazuli to the Buddha. The Buddha accepted the offer and the four bowls miraculously became one bowl. This is the black bowl that is typically seen in the lap of Shakyamuni in painting and sculpture. Although we often speak of "the Buddha," there are many Buddhas with different names, forms that play multiple roles. The word "Buddha" means one who woke up," and in Buddhist doctrine, any such enlightened individual is technically a Buddha. Shakyamuni Buddha is a name given to the historical Buddha, especially in Mahayana Buddhism. So it's nearly always the case that when someone is talking about Shakyamuni, he or she is speaking of the historical figure who was born Prince Siddhartha Gautama, son of King Suddhodana and Queen Maya of the Shakya Clan. In later life, Siddhartha renounced his royal title, became known as Shakyamuni (Sage of the Shakyas). After fighting off Mara, an evil spirit who tempted him with worldly comforts and desires, Siddhartha reached enlightenment, becoming a Buddha (Shakyamuni Budha, Gautama Buddha) at the age of 35 Buddha framed happiness to be found in all beings free of hate or violence. One should have a solid attitude of gladness. Life is a chrysalis (transformation) of existence recorded in many thoughts. Those that are beneficial have a chance to be immutable (unalterable, eternal). But, many thoughts get altered through malice and hate. Shakyamuni Buddha KALAMA SUTTA 563 - 400 BC The Buddha's Charter of Free Inquiry The Four Exalted Dwellings It is a natural desire to want and hope for happiness, long life, and good fortune. Daoist (Taoists) believe emotions and Yi (desires, wishes, intentions, thoughts) are the natural meaning of Xuè (blood) and Qi (Chi, Ki, Gi, Vital Energy, Spirit, Prana, Force). Qi moves through the earth and manifests into an uncountable variation of material forms each with unique conditions. Scientist would define Qi as a type of quantum thermal (kinetic) energy of particles, atoms and molecules. Yang and Qi are believed by Daoism to be the driving forces of biological activities in the human body. Blood is said to be is a denser form of Qi, and more Yin (feminine, nourishing, moistening) in nature. Qi is more Yang (masculine, vital, active, energetic, etheric) in nature. The Shén residing in heart and named Shén and is said to be above others and representing human spirit and in a way the Self. Taoist (Daoist) believe that the universe is a great conduit of Qi that flows through all things. This energy is known as Dan, (Dan Tien, Elixir, Sea of Qi, Cosmic Energy). Like Cosmic Rays, Dan is the force that pervades and nourishes all things in our expanding universe. There is a maxim where Xīn (intention, mind, heart, center, core) goes, Qi follows. At times Qi is attracted to water and gives life to a myriad things. Qi proliferates into the offspring of these new creations. A biologist would define water as a unique medium (substratum) on which living organisms can be made to grow. Shen (Spirit, Mind) implies our consciousness, mental functions, mental health, vitality, and our "presence." We derive our Shen Qi from the Tao, or eternal aspect of the universe and the underlying nature of everything. Shen can be centered (balanced) or uncentered (imbalanced). Daoist believe when someone has centered Shen, they can easily flow with the laws of nature and universal rhythms, and feel plenty of joy. When someone has uncentered Shen, they might experience uncontrollable emotions like sadness, depression, anxiety, or over-thinking. Ancient Chinese people saw the Yellow River (Huang He) as "the Mother River" and a point of convergence (joining) the essences of Qi and Shen (Divine or Inner Human Spirit, life, oneself) that produce Jing (vitality, fertility, DNA). The Yellow River originates from Bayan Har Mountains, a southern branch of the Kunlun Mountains, in the Qinghai province of Western China. It is said that this region is the Axis Mundi (navel, center of the world, cosmic axis) connection between Heaven and Earth" or the "higher and lower realms. In ancient times, it was believed that the Yellow River flowed from Heaven as a continuation of the Milky Way. The Kunlun Mountains are said to be the dwelling place of the gods, fabled plants and mythical creatures. It is in these Mountains that have long been seen as the origin of the Chinese civilization. The name China means Middle Nation" (中国 pinyin, Zhōngguó) is often interpreted as an expression of an ancient perception that the Chinese polity (or group of polities) occupied the center of the world, with other lands lying in various directions relative to it. The ancient Chinese saw Kunlun as a microcosm of order because it was known and settled. Taoist belief, the sacred landscape of Kunlun is also considered to be a medium through which people communicate with the immortals and the primeval powers of the earth. Outside the boundaries of the Kunlun lied foreign realms that, because they were unfamiliar and not ordered, represented chaos, death, or night. But from this center, people ventured in the four cardinal directions, making discoveries, and establishing new centers as the realms became known and settled. Throughout this discourse we will see similar spiritual traditions have a similar view to the Chinese way of orienting our world (human realm) through a sacred landscape (mountain, cave, tree, pillar, gate, ladder) Axis Mundi (hub, navel, center) earth portal (vortex) to something that transcends it (heaven, other worlds) that either brings happiness (prosperity) or misery (destruction). Lao Tzu (Laozi, Lao-Tze, Old Master) was an ancient Chinese philosopher and writer. He is the reputed author of the Tao Te Ching (Book of the Way), the founder of philosophical Taoism, and a deity in religious Taoism and traditional Chinese religions. Tàishàng Lǎojūn (Laozi, Lord Lao of Grand Supreme, Lǐ Ěr, Boyang Li Dan) 601 - 531 BC Nèiguānjīng (Classic of Internal Contemplation) In Daoist literature happiness in life cannot be attained by forcing one's own destiny; instead, one must be receptive to the path laid for them by tiān lǐ (Heaven's law, natural order) and yuán (destiny). Daoist meditation focuses heavily on "developing the mind of intent." All of the more advanced practices are based on developing skill and clarity of this "mind of intent." Tàishàng Lǎojūn (Laozi, Lord Lao of Grand Supreme, Lǐ Ěr, Boyang Li Dan) 601 - 531 BC Nèiguānjīng (Classic of Internal Contemplation) Just as this energy exists in the universe, Daoist believe it exists in people, too in special areas called Dantians (energy flow centers). There are 7 main Dantian elixir-of-life fields where "essence" and "spirit" are stored within the body. These energy centers are known as Chakras and are responsible for delivering energy into the physical, mental, emotional and spiritual bodies. Traditional Chinese Medicine is based on balancing and enhancing Qi to bring the body into a state of health and vitality to maintain long life. Qi Gong (mastery) is an ancient Chinese health care system that integrates physical postures, breathing techniques and focused intention to open vital energy blockages in the body that can manifest as disease. There are a variety of physical and emotional conditions that are thought to diminish your Qi. Among the most common causes are chronic stress and sleep deprivation. The three Dantians are each associated with one energy, collectively known as the three treasures. They are: The Lower Dantian: (Jing) located two inches below the navel, it is the source of energy which builds the physical body and allows us to develop and use Qi and Shen. The Middle Dantian: (QI) located at the heart, it is energy created from food and air and relates to our emotions and thoughts. The Upper Dantian: (Shen) located at a center point just higher than the eye brows, it is related to our spirit and/or consciousness. Shi Tian shi Celestial Master, Heavenly Teacher is title bestowed upon Zhang Daoling and his descendants; the first Taoist religious community Qi gong translates from Chinese to mean, roughly, to cultivate or enhance the inherent functional (energetic) essence of the human being. It can be described as a mind-body-spirit practice that improves one's mental and physical health by integrating posture, movement, breathing technique, self-massage, sound, and focused intent. Chi Kung is the exercise to build Chi and store it in the body. Teachers often compare this to “saving money in the bank for a rainy day.” Qiqong is like saving and investing money. Everyday you put a little Qi in the bank, so when you’re old or sick you have a nice big savings stored up and you can use it to stay healthy, active and vibrant. Li” (etiquette and ceremony). Lao Tzu (Laozi, Old Master) taught his students that how to frame one's mind to seek happiness by learning from individuals with a good attitude towards life and calm actions that are open and respectful towards others free from malice or hate. Tao Te Ching (Daodejing) Classic of the Way and Virtue Chapter 20 Buddha Tönpa Shenrap Miwo (ston pa gshen rab) 1917 BC - 23,000 BC Shenrap is the founder of the yungdrung (eternal) Bön (chant, religion of Tibet). Bön developed their beliefs through folk customs and practices stretching back into Tibet's prehistory Bonpos (believer in Bon) in the existence of energetic channels in the human body, where meditation deities dwell. The tantra is based on the belief that an adept can be transformed into a specific meditation deity thanks to appropriate visualizations and energy manipulation prophecy, reveal truths, give advice, heal the sick people and livestock, exorcise evil spirits, bring good fortune. The Nine Ways of Bon The Ways of the Fruit (Result) The 5th Way of the Virtuous Lay Practitioners (gen nyen, dge, bsnyen theg pa) Ten and the ten far- reaching attitudes (perfections) Zarathushtra 6184 BC - 551 BC Zarathushtra composed the Ahuna Vairya (Yatha Ahu Vairyo) a sacred prayer and wisdom that if understood and implemented into daily life will provide the key to receiving blessing from the Creator and defeat evil, by doing virtuous acts such as protecting the poor with a loving mind. Buddhists would accept happiness to found in all beings free of hate and protecting those in need with love. Epicureans would accept turning away from selfish hate for altruistic love to be a higher frame of mind. Ahuna Vairya, 1500 BC - 1000 BC The Great Prophet Moses taught the just (virtuous) will prosper under the Creator's protective care. Devarim - Deuteronomy - Second Law - Chapter 12, 1300 BC - 609 BC Unlike Zoroaster, the Prophet Moses taught no Dyeumorphic manifestation of abstract concepts such as Truth and Righteousness that emanate from the Creator's thoughts. However, like Zoraster, Moses reveals the Torah (Teaching, Laws) as way for one to connect to the Creator thoughts and receive His blessings of prosperity and offspring. Devarim - Deuteronomy - Second Law - Chapter 12, 1300 BC - 609 BC The Israelite King David made a declaration that the pursuit of happiness is not to be found in ideas given by corrupt minds. Happiness can be found by understanding the laws given by a Just Creator. The Israelite King believes one needs to follow the instructions revealed to Moses to connect to the Creator and receive His blessings of prosperity and offspring. David uses an analogy that like trees that need an adequate water supply to thrive and set fruit, we need to be adequately connected to the Torah given by the Creator to help us be happy, thrive, and be fruitful in all of our endeavors. Psalms, 1407 BC - 586 BC Chapter 1 Peshitta Holy Bible In this passage John write's a letter to a Senior, lady member and her Christian family. John simply states that the Truth to Happiness is the Commandment Yeshua (Jesus) gave to Love. 2 John 1 Christian Church Concious Reason Before he became the Architect of American Government, A young Harvard graduate, John Adams wrote to a school friend, Richard Cranch his plan to study law with James Putnam the leading lawyer of Worcester. In this letter, Adams shared his exploration of understanding the gifts of sense, intelligence, and reason the Creator (Nature) has bestowed upon us. He found acts of kindness to be of lesser value in understanding the purpose to the design of life. From John Adams to Richard Cranch, 29 August 1756 Conscious Liberty for All Washington believed that when the people learn the light of truth they would discard the darkness of an concealed falsity (lie, untruth). From George Washington to Charles Mynn Thruston, 10 August 1794 Bolingbroke taught that History's greatest heroes individuals are endowed with a spirit of reason to restrain to bad inclinations and habits they are addicted to the most, then focus on following the will of the Creator. Henry St John, Lord Viscount Bolingbroke Letters on the Study and the Use of History Letter III Claude Adrien Helvétius defined physical sensibility as an instinctual function of the mind to perceive then remember resemblance and differences in objects. This instinctual function also allows us to distinguish agreements or disagreements of ideas and show compassion for others in their time of need. Ideas that we take notice originate from individuals we trust and have acted to benefit our self interest. It is testimony of these trusted individuals that communicate impressions of pleasure and pain that give a basis of judging the truth of personal and public morality. It is the formation of these accepted ideas that gives us respect of others. Helvétius believed that we praise individuals that promote, support, and defend our self interest. At times the testimony individuals share with us give the illusion of honesty, but in reality stem from their personal self interest and not for our benefit. It is through our intellect that we must reason whether these testifiers are good or bad. If the the individual appears genuinely to believe that his testimony is to our benefit, then we must look to the general interest of the people where the idea the originated. Helvétius explained that the concept of Liberty is the attainment of wisdom of knowledge on how to train our physical pleasure and pain instincts to remember and discern the truth to ideas and actions that make us happy or sad. Further, he was of the opinion that the knowledge of Liberty can only be achieved by an individual with no mental disability, paying close attention and connecting ideas that are being communicated about the subject. The more an individual discusses Liberty the greater one gains Wisdom to genuinely understand the concept of it. Helvétius was of the position the problem of misunderstanding Liberty was not only found in with individuals with mental conditions. Intelligent people with physical sensibility can process and adopt false ideas given by those who they trust and admire. Contextual associations can be linked to deliberative or unintentional false truths (misleading ideas) to agreed upon code (rules) of conduct made with fellow citizens by social contract. A false truth given by those that we have an instinct to love and admire can initiate a duty preserve and propagate the error. De L'esprit, Or, Essays on the Mind, and Its Several Faculties by Helvétius If we are to implicitly believe that the Will of Our Creator is Natural law. Then we can implicitly believe it was the Will of the Creator to give mankind reason to decide what actions in life will bring us happiness or misery. It is the testimony of both prophets and philosophers that the path of happiness is making the choice to follow the greater good at the expense of lesser evil. It is up to government and religious leaders to properly guard Citizens with the use of reason over personal inclinations and be happy with the blessing our Creator has given. It is up to our citizen patriots to understand that the common happiness of Civil Liberty depends on the importance of individual duty in submitting to what the law and government permits, which firmly opposes evil corruption and promotes the common good. Jefferson considered supreme happiness to not come from nobility or priests, but rather from having faith that Nature (Creator) has given us a sense of justice through the cherishment of others. It is also my opinion, that Jefferson also also reasoned against selfish false teachings that man bestowed aristocracy the hereditary right to govern and judge one's fate. It will be through the false teaching of fearing others without sound reason that can as a consequence destroy established law and order built by free men. From Thomas Jefferson to William Johnson, 12 June 1823 The Call of Duty Trust is an essential elixir for maintaining National Unity. Our Founders understood that elected leaders must be held to the highest standards in their service to protect America's Independence and Liberty. Otherwise, leaders may lose public trust that their actions are for the common good. The Federalist Papers : No. 57 The Alleged Tendency of the New Plan to Elevate the Few at the Expense of the Many Considered in Connection with Representation From the New York Packet Tuesday, February 19, 1788. Author: Alexander Hamilton or James Madison Liberty: A Path To Its Recovery by F.A. Harper Page 44 Jefferson and Washington taught the honor in focusing on the welfare of the People of all nations and religions. And to be on guard against those that pursue their own self interest and personal advantage over Civility of accepted conduct. Notes on the State of Virginia: Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826 QUERY XVII As a pastor and evangelist, Elder John Leland believed it was of the utmost importance to safeguard their individual civil rights, religious freedom. Elder John Leland preached to the Citizens of Connecticut his observations of influence and power American Citizens bestow upon their Representatives. The Rights of Conscience Inalienable, by John Leland (1791) Congress gives Washington the Power to Command the Military George Washington to the Executive Committee of the Continental Congress, 1 January 1777 President George Washington believed that Love and Humility (Subordination) were necessary factors in achieving Happiness. When a group of Continental Army soldiers overtook Independence Hall, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, President Washington wrote a letter to Congress to be Public Notice to all Citizens of the United States. The notice was written in response to soldiers demanded back pay for their services to the federal government. President Washington understood the importance of calming the soldiers. He reminded them of the obedience to their oath. George Washington's National responsibilities and experiences as Commander-in-chief bestowed upon him the wisdom of the broader view of the proper communication to the United States institutions and more importantly, its Citizens. From George Washington to The States, 8 June 1783 During the Revolutionary War, oaths of allegiance were administered to officers of the Continental Army under General Washington. These officers swore to defend the Free, Independent and Sovereign States against King George. Extract from the minutes, CHARLES THOMSON, Secretary. Four resolutions of the Continental Congress concerning the loyalty oath. Signed: Extract from the minutes, Charles Thomson, secretary. Journals of the Continental Congress, 197 In Congress, February 3, 1778 After the Revolutionary war, General Washington relinquished his power to serve under the Creator and the Charter of the United States Constitution. It was President Washington's hope that the Creator would bless America with Liberty and Happiness. George Washington, December 23, 1783, Resignation Address In Washington's farewell address our Nation's Founding Father stressed that WE THE PEOPLE must always be on the lookout for those individuals, organizations, and outside nations that desire to weaken our Unity of tranquility, peace, and prosperity. Furthermore, there will be always a cost (expense, debt) of gratitude to share in safeguarding a Social contract that promotes the Happiness of ALL its Citizens (WE THE PEOPLE). More importantly, we must have Respect and Admiration (Love) for All PEOPLE, Foreign and Domestic. Transcript of President George Washington's Farewell Address (1796) Like Bolingbroke, Blackstone wrote that it is the duty of those who Nature (Creator) and Fortune (Grace) have bestowed abilities and time to serve their country and master their understanding of its Civil Laws. It is the power of these Civil Laws that protects all Citizens from physical and mental injury by fellow countryman and foreigners. It is the power of these Civil laws which Civil Liberty is derived. Liberty is what is that which those that govern the land permits. INTRODUCTION. Of the Study, Nature, and Extent of the Laws of England. SECTION I. ON THE STUDY OF THE LAW. The Free Exercise Clause of the United States Constitution gives Citizens and legal foreign guests Liberty to reach, hold, practice and change beliefs freely according to our individual rights of conscience. The United States government may not penalize or discriminate against an individual or a group of individuals because of their religious views, nor may it compel persons to affirm any particular beliefs. United States Supreme Court EPPERSON ET AL. V. ARKANSAS. APPEAL FROM THE SUPREME COURT OF ARKANSAS. No. 7. Argued October 16, 1968.-Decided November 12, 1968. Benjamin Franklin was 81 years old and nearing the end of his life when the Constitutional Convention, also known as the Philadelphia Convention, met in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from May 25 to September 17, 1787. Franklin’s voice was too weak to speak, so he put a paper into James Wilson's hand to read aloud containing his reasons for assenting to the Constitution. Considering all the different points of view of Representatives at the convention, Franklin thought it was remarkable that the Constitution was a superior document of collective wisdom. Benjamin Franklin's Final Speech MR. JUSTICE BLACK delivered the opinion of the Court. United States Supreme Court EVERSON v. BOARD OF EDUCATION OF THE TOWNSHIP OF EWING ET AL. APPEAL FROM THE COURT OF ERRORS AND APPEALS OF NEW JERSEY. No. 52. Argued November 20, 1946.-Decided February 10, 1947. From George Washington to the Hebrew Congregation in Newport, Rhode Island, 18 August 1790 As the primary author of the United States Declaration of Independence , Thomas Jefferson understood the liberty of choice our Creator has given us to pursuit the wisdom of life and prosperity or suffer the evils of death and destruction. The truth of choice that the followers of religion and/or nature, universally agree upon is defined as 'self evident.' History shows that people evolve both physically, mentally, spiritually, and culturally. Individuals, groups, educational institutions, political parties, religions, and even nation states may resistant to change. They find comfort living in an environment they grew up in. And when the environment changes due to a human modification or disregard of a particular custom, individuals may become agitated and possibly hostile. That is why civility of clear and concise communication is important to better understand a proposed change. Jefferson knew through experience, Activist and Politicians like himself become hypersensitive to any proposal of change. Proposals to Revise the Virginia Constitution: Thomas Jefferson to “Henry Tompkinson” (Samuel Kercheval), 12 July 1816 Like Thomas Jefferson, George Washington understood that Civility of Law and Order depends on the cherishment of people in all stations of life that mutually desire Happiness and understand their duty to follow the agreed upon rules to enjoy it. George Washington to Joshua Holmes, 2 December 1783 The Writings of the Late Elder John Leland Including Some Events in His Life. by John Leland, L. F . Greene December 12, 1826 Elder Leland taught the difference between Civil and Divine government. The Function of Civil government is to protect the lives, liberty, and property of the community. The Baptist Elder believed Divine government begins the moment after death. The Christ the King honors those that based their early life on simplicity, humility and their love toward others. The Writings of the Late Elder John Leland Including Some Events in His Life. by John Leland, L. F . Greene The Government of Christ a Christocracy Published 1804 As a devout abolitionist, John Leland believed slavery to be against the Liberty of the individual pursuit (self interest) of Happiness. His Christian Faith (Belief) taught him to understand that Freedom of Liberty in the Bible meant: Freedom for All. The Founders profound respect for our right of conscience is well-documented. From Thomas Jefferson to Samuel Miller, 23 January 1808 James Madison's message is clear to stay away on all matters of liberty of religious conscience that are unessential to government authority. James Madison to Jasper Adams, September 1833 In McCreary County v. ACLU of Kentucky, 545 U.S. 844, it was the Supreme Court opinion that the United States was founded on a secular principle of neutrality in regards to all sincere conscious religious and atheist beliefs. MCCREARY COUNTY v. AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF KY. The Free Exercise Clause is the part of the First Amendment that reads: Washington urged Americans to always place the interests of the nation over their political and regional affiliations. MCCREARY COUNTY v. AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF KY. President George Washington's Farewell address emphasized that Religion and Moralism share the same objective platform in framing a civil society. Both concepts share faith (trust) in others and belief that justice and benevolence (goodwill, virtue) should be universal (equal) truth. Washington's Farewell Address 1796 Having just overthrown the King of England during the American Revolution, Jefferson and his political Democratic-Republican party feared Federalist desire for a strong national government would threaten the Liberty of a young Nation with a growing Federal control of power. The American Colonist revoked their allegiance to the British Crown and the Social Contract (Laws, Rules) that bound them to it. Declaration of Independence General Washington believed that it was through Divine Intervention his Continental Army was able to survive the entire Revolutionary War despite great odds favoring the enemy. He believed that the key to maintaining Divine Purpose was by following a proper code of conduct. From George Washington to Samuel Langdon, 28 September 1789 Washington clearly thought the United States to be similar to the Israelite Nation in gaining freedom from the bondage of a Tyrant through a union of friendship and greatness to be under the Providence of Creator to be self-evident. From George Washington to Landon Carter, 27 October 1777 Both Adams and Cranch were influenced by George Whitefield, a famous Oxford Graduate and Methodist preacher. In his time, he was noted to be a Christian hero of British citizens and American Colonist. Here are some selected quotes Whitefield on how our conscience becomes aware of a greater Divine Being through the selfless love of others. Sermons By George Whitefield Thomas Jefferson himself thought that through reason one can observe a perfect design in nature organized by the power of an Ultimate Creator that was the Initial Cause that set everything into motion. This is the key tenet underlying the Declaration of Independence. From Thomas Jefferson to John Adams, 11 April 1823 Being a staunch defender of Conscious Liberty, Thomas Jefferson was reluctant to talk about his personal beliefs in public. His private letters reveal a man of deep moral conviction who spent a considerable amount of time thinking about the Providence and Justice of the Creator. Jefferson's writings do reveal his acceptance of a Creator and Divine Justice. Notes on the State of Virginia: Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826 QUERY XVIII Thomas Jefferson firmly believed that Judgment is made on the Works in one's life or lack thereof. He also could not deny Jesus works of mercy, compassion and love pointed to the something beyond the works themselves. Jefferson admired the purity of innocence of Jesus unblemished character and hoped everyone follow the virtue to his moral teachings. stripped away the supernatural and left only wisdom he accepted as a materialist Unitarian thinker. From Thomas Jefferson to William Short, 13 April 1820 Thomas Jefferson admired, but did not accept Jesus as the being begotten of the Creator. He considered the Christian Trinity to be analogous to Cerberus, the three headed hound of Hades guarding the gates of the Underworld. Jefferson was greatly influenced by Joseph Priestley, a British Unitarian who rejected the Trinity and asserted the perfectibility of man through reason. In my limited understanding I find the Trinity to be analogous to the three main parts of our brain: the cerebrum (Father with higher sensory functions), cerebellum (Son that receives and carries out instruction) and brainstem (Holy Spirit that connects the Father to the Son and everyone). It is through this system of communication our conscious is made aware. A Behavior Scientist would understand the Holy Spirit, to be a of synonym of Wisdom, a method of integrating the accumulation of knowledge, experience, and deep understanding in daily life. Like Jefferson, Athanasius has been slandered by the followers of Arius, a North African priest who taught that Christ was the Jewish Messiah, but not the Creator. From Thomas Jefferson to James Smith, 8 December 1822 In Joeseph Priestly's work, Socrates and Jesus Compared, Socrates devout religious belief to help citizens and others to be good was greatly admired. He taught the one Law of Nature is to do good in return for good received; or face the penalty of being deserted by your friends in you time of need. Priestly also writes that taught of a decisive power superior to man. And Unlike Epicurus belief that the gods were unconcerned spectators of the plight of man, Socrates reasoned the gods were concerned and interceded in the affairs of man. At his trial Socrates said that he had often heard a Daemon (divine voice) who was frequently present within him. He trusted the judgement of his personal reason and the wisdom of the gods over people. During his trial,Socrates listened to his Daemon repeated commands not to make any defense to the accusations, which led to his demise against tyrants. During Socrates sentencing he pleaded a justifiable reason of vanity that he if was executed, Athens would find no other man like him. Ultimately Socrates execution made him even more famous as a martyr for morality. To Priestly it appears that Socrates had little or no faith in the sanction of virtue in the doctrine of a future state. But, believed in the pleasure received during life and the chance of honored by the living after death. Priestly writes, "Socrates, according to Plato, generally speaks of a future state, and the condition of men in, as the popular belief, which might be true or false. Priestly does mention that Socrates taught that there was a privilege given by the gods to only a select group humans initiated in the right manner into a philosophy of meditation of a pure mind over their body to live with them. Socrates did not know whether or not he had succeeded in this endeavor or not. SOCRATES AND JESUS COMPARED BY JOSEPH PRIESTLY page 22 Priestly maintained Socrates theorized that the substance of man's power of thinking, or mental action may remain when the corporeal body ceases to exist. Priestly then added the Greek general belief of an afterlife during the time of Socrates could have been similar to the Jews idea of afterlife, but the record of this Future State revelation had been long lost. Thomas Jefferson letters and essays reveal an American leader with a strong Unitarian sympathy, but a free spirited man that did not formally belong to any Unitarian congregation and regularly attended Sunday Baptist Services at the United States Capitol. Jefferson passed away one year after the founding of the American Unitarian Association (AUA) in 1825. The Sage of Monticello (Jefferson) prior letter to Doctor Benjamin Waterhouse, co-founder and professor of the Harvard Medical School and Unitarian minister at Cambridge, Massachusetts displays his affinity to the country following the moral teachings of Jesus in proper method to follow a Just Creator. From Thomas Jefferson to Benjamin Waterhouse, 26 June 1822 The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth (The Jefferson Bible) by Thomas Jefferson XXXI. - To be Born Blind No Proof of Sin. Disclaimer Romans 1 Jefferson understood the idea where a man could be both physically and morally blind. But, he rejected the Spiritual (Supernatural) part of John's testimony where Jesus used the Creator's power to give a blind man the miracle of physical sight. John Chapter 9 Great Isaiah Scroll - Chapter 42 Titus Jefferson in the “Kingdom of Everlasting Glory.” Jefferson wrote back a little more than a month later. He thanked King for his letter “because I believe it was written with kind intentions, and a personal concern for my future happiness." Jefferson believed our Freedom Conscience to be a sacred part of our human nature to think for ourselves. Jefferson supported all religions that supported the Freedom of giving us a choice to speak and act honestly towards all members of our society. Thomas Jefferson to Miles King, 26 September 1814

Spirits of the air that try to direct us. n Jewish mythology, a dybbuk (Yiddish: דיבוק‎, from the Hebrew verb דָּבַק‬ dāḇaq meaning "adhere" or "cling") is a malicious possessing spirit believed to be the dislocated soul of a dead person. It The Holy Spirit (Hebrew: ‬רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ‬, Modern ruach hakodesh, Tiberian ruaħ haqqodɛʃ) in Judaism, also termed "Divine Inspiration," Ibbur (Hebrew: עיבור‬, "pregnancy" or "impregnation" or "incubation"), is one of the transmigration forms of the soul and has similarities with Gilgul neshamot. Ibbur is always good or positive, while dybbuk (Yiddish: דיבוק‬‎), is negative. Ibbur is the most positive form of possession, and the most complicated. It happens when a righteous soul decides to occupy a living person's body for a time, and joins, or spiritually "impregnates" the existing soul. Ibbur is always temporary, and the living person may or may not know that it has taken place. Often the living person has graciously given consent for the Ibbur. The reason for Ibbur is always benevolent—the departed soul wishes to complete an important task, to fulfil a promise, or to perform a mitzvah (a religious duty) that can only be accomplished in the flesh. In Lurianic Kabbalah, ibbur occurs when an incomplete soul which cannot achieve tikun is completed by the addition of the soul of a tzadik,[1] or spiritual master. Luria believed this to be possible even whilst the possessor was still alive. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/gilgul

particles can be created from nothing but energy, certain features, such as electrical charge, cannot gravitational potential energy is negative. Because a negative amount of work is done to bring an object closer to the Earth, gravitational potential energy is always a negative number when using this reference point. The space between the stars and galaxies is largely empty. However, even places far from stars and planets contain scattered particles of dust or a few hydrogen atoms per cubic centimeter. Space is also filled with radiation (e.g. light and heat), magnetic fields and high energy particles (e.g. cosmic rays). In empty space, there is no air, and what we call "sound" is actually vibrations in the air. Now, like you've said, there are indeed light waves and radio waves in space, but these waves are not sound, but light. Light does not need air to travel, but then you don't hear it; you see it, or it is interpreted by your radio set and then translated into sound. You're right that there are gases in space, and it's true that these gasses can propagate sound waves just like Earth's air allows sound to travel. The difference is that interstellar gas clouds are much less dense than the Earth's atmosphere. (They have fewer atoms per cubic foot.) So if a sound wave was traveling through a big gas cloud in space and we were out there listening Space probably does go on forever, but the truth is we don’t know. The part of space we can see is called the observable universe. The observable universe can even be measured. It is 93 billion light years from one side to the other. Our part of space, or the observable universe, has a special shape: it is flat. The Universe simply expanded from a very small volume into a huge volume, and this expansion is occuring even today. something of the size of an atom expanded to the size of the solar system by the end of the inflationary epoch. The orbits of the planets and the shapes of spiral galaxies has to do with the way they form and conservation of angular momentum, and nothing to do with the geometry of the universe as a whole. As the solar system formed from a giant spherical gas cloud, the cloud started to rotate. That meant that it was easier for material to fall in along the poles than around the 'equator', because around the equator it had to battle against the centripetal acceleration trying to push it out again. The cloud therefore slowly collapsed into a disk like structure from which the planets formed. The same exact process explains the disks of spiral galaxies. Outer space' begins about 100 km above the Earth, where the shell of air around our planet disappears. With no air to scatter sunlight and produce a blue sky, space appears as a black blanket dotted with stars. Particles are tiny bits of matter that make up everything in the universe. The space your body takes up is different from the space other matter takes up that you perceive in nature. Experiencing visual space is a subtle act of the human body and mind. Wayfinding, orientation, direction, etc. all come from visual clues. The lens of our eye, with a 22mm focal length allows us to experience perspective space in a consistent and readable way. Our neck and eyes move, completing a spherical dome of information surrounding us at any point. But, when a slight change is introduced to this formula we start to question what exactly space is. The awareness of the position, size, form, distance, and direction of an object, or of oneself Space is usually regarded as being completely empty. But this is not true. The vast gaps between the stars and planets are filled with huge amounts of thinly spread gas and dust. Even the emptiest parts of space contain at least a few hundred atoms or molecules per cubic metre. Space is also filled with many forms of radiation that are dangerous to astronauts. Much of this infrared and ultraviolet radiation comes from the Sun. High energy X-rays, gamma rays and cosmic rays – particles travelling close to the speed of light – arrive from distant star systems. Since there are no molecules in the vacuum of space there are neither atmosphere nor pressure. When there is no atmosphere, all of the molecules in the area want to spread out as much as possible. If you were on a space ship and stepped outside, you would not be crushed. Instead, you would blow up like a huge balloon as your molecules began to spread out. Eventually you would pop. Very messy. A total, or perfect, vacuum would be a space from which all matter has been removed. This includes solids, liquids, and gases (including air). It would be a space that contains “nothing.” Since there is no method or device that can remove all matter from an enclosed space, a perfect vacuum is unknown and has only theoretical meaning. You take the last drink out of an orange juice container. As you put the empty container in the recycling bin, you wonder if it's really empty. Guess what? It isn't! There are still air molecules that take up space inside that orange juice container. But, if you could suck out all of those air molecules, you would have a vacuum. In science, a vacuum is defined as space without matter or air. Egocentric distances are defined as the interval between the viewer and an environmental location of interest. Exocentric distances are defined as the interval between two environmental locations of interest, neither being the viewer. (The term depth perception is often implicitly taken to refer to judgments of egocentric distance.) This chapter focuses on absolute egocentric distance perception, which involves accurately scaled perceptual judgments of the distance of environmental locations from the viewer. Most of the work dealing with viewing from a fixed location has been concerned with the perception of egocentric (absolute) distance, exocentric (relative) distance or depth, and size. an observer has an internal representation of surrounding physical space, referred to as visual space or visually perceived space, and then to attempt to measure properties of visual space using a variety Space is everything in our surrounding environment or just simply everything around us. Our spatial perception is how we see the world and understand it. As a child the physical proportions and dimensions of space for us are small. As we grow and become more active we begin to orient ourselves to the space around us. Our eyes make thousands of subconscious computations to perceive positive space (objects) and negative space (empty areas). In time our mind becomes more familiar with the types of space around us that we are able to move more independently and our world begins to greatly expand. There are many that believe that our conscious mind gives us the ability to perceive Nature and understand Natural Law. Through Faith (Belief) the communities of Moses (Jews), Jesus (Christians), and Mohammed (Islam) believe and testify that through the Will of the Creator (God) has given human beings a conscious mind (living spirit) to understand the world around them. There are some quantum physicists that theorize that our conscious mind is actually a four dimensional radiant field outside our physical body connected to our nerves through Quantum entanglement. Put simply our conscious mind is comprised of both a quantifiable (measurable) Central and Peripheral nervous system connected to nonquantifiable (immeasurable) negative space. As we grow our young minds learn that much of what we perceive as negative space is not completely empty and quite measurable. Every so often we may hear and/or feel a gentle wind moving in the negative space even though our eyes cannot see it. We do see the effect this breeze has on other object around us. Watching the plants and trees sway we begin to understand there are invisible objects and active forces throughout our negative space. Every so often on a cold winter day we may see a cloud of vapor (moisture) coming from the air we exhale out from our lungs. When we look up to the sky we notice larger clouds of vapor moving across negative space. In time we learn this vapor is called moisture and it comes from the transformation of a liquid object we know as water we that we drink, swim, and bathe in to another object we know as gas that float through negative space. Every so often the clouds of vapor above us get larger and darker. Soon cool drops of liquid (water) we know as rain fall down and splashing on everything they land on. The sound rain makes can be heard when it lands on us or when it hits the ground. As we grow older we learn that sound is a disturbance (wave) that travels through objects and negative space. When enough rain lands on the ground a pool liquid forms what we call puddles that can be fun to play in. Every so often during the season when it is cold and our bodies shiver dark clouds pass over our heads. Soon crystal flakes called flurries gently fall from the clouds and land on the ground forming a white blanket we call snow. As we grow we learn that we can only see objects if they give off light or light bounces off of them. When we look up and see a bright object shining through the clouds our loved ones call the Sun. Soon the clouds and rain disappear and the Sun dries the water from our skin. In time our body and objects around us get warmer. We soon learn this bright object that radiates heat has a name our loved ones call the Sun. Later in life we learn that light and heat originate from tiny wave particles called Photons that have traveled a great distance from the sun. A wave particle has properties of both a wave and a particle. A wave is a kind of disturbance (oscillation, vibration, motion) that travels through negative space and objects (matter) transferring energy from one area to another. A particle is a tiny object that cannot be seen with our eyes. To get an idea how small a particle is imagine a 2 millimeter grain of sand being composed of unique collection of 10 Quintillion (10 to the 19th power or simply 1019) particles. Now your imagine that your body is comprised of a unique collection of over 10 Octillion (10 to the 28th power or simply 1028) particles. . So we see things because light bounces off objects back towards us. We can use other senses to gather information about things we cannot see, such as hearing. For example, sonar involves bouncing sound waves off an object and observing the reflected wave. This technique is also used in echolocation. Dolphins and bats use echo-location to detect the location and shape of an object, by sending out a sound wave and observing how the reflected sound wave comes back to them The form of your body is different from other forms that are visible in Nature. particles that are arranged differently from other forms that you perceive in Nature. Why do you matter? Because, you play a unique role in the evolution of our Nature (Universe). matter that make up everything in the universe A Photon is a type of unstructured zero mass elementary Boson (packet of energy) particle that is a carrier (transmitter) of electromagnetic (electric and magnetic waves) force (power to attract or repel anything with an electrical charge) that moves at the speed of light in the vacuum of space, but is significantly slower in air and water. Photons have limitless energy range (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays). At At high energy levels a photon can change knock off electrons and change chemical compositions. If a photon's energy level is high enough it can collapse and form a Black Hole (2 billion joules). In Nature, Dark Matter has not yet been directly observed, but its gravitational effects are accepted as a fundamental part of the Universe. The energy Photons are dispersed by what is called electromagnetic (electric and magnetic wave) radiation. A Photon is so small that it is considered unstructured with zero mass, but has ability to carry electromagnetic force energy to Earth and other objects in space at the the speed of light. In the span of 8 minutes and 20 seconds Photons reach Earth from the Sun. Plants, trees, and many other organisms convert the photon light energy packets into chemical energy in a process called Photosynthesis. When animals eat plants the stored chemical energy is transferred to the organism to function. Photon light energy heat the oceans, land masses, and the air. The heat makes wind and ocean currents. Photons light energy evaporates water, forms clouds, and drops rain and snow all over the place. There are Diest that believe and testify the Sun to a visible luminary (source of light) agent of the Creator which rises from the East and sets in the West, the source of all the seasons, the cause of day and night, the parent of vegetation, and a friend of man. There are many Polytheist that believe and testify the Sun to be a powerful Deity and a central figure in a pantheon of Gods. Jews and Christians believe and testify that that the Creator is not the Sun, but through a force of will God created light. that disperse the energy released by the constant conversion of hydrogen to helium reaction occurring in our sun.In Nature, our Sun is one of trillions of other stars that generate visible light you see and the radiant heat you feel. We notice that when the Sun disappears into the negative space our body and the objects around us become colder or darker. When the space around us becomes too dark and cold our loved ones may create a small light similar to our Sun. We soon learn this bright object has a name called Fire. As we look closer at Fire we notice that it has has different bright colors glowing from pile fallen trees and branches similar to the ones we have seen standing when the Sun shining are called wood. Stretching our hands over the whitish orange flames our body warms up from the cold. If we put our hands too close to the blue flames the warmth becomes hot and painful. As the fire continues more wood is added to the existing coals glowing as they slowly break down into powder we call ash. Sitting next our fire hot flashes of light shoot up into the black negative space with other bright objects (satellites, ships, asteroids, comets, planets, stars, black holes, galaxies, etc...). Later in life we learn our ancestors were sky watchers like ourselves. These sky watchers (astronomers) thought that our home called Earth was a motionless and all objects know collectively as the Universe moved around us through negative space. In time, we learned that our Earth moves around (orbits) the Sun like other planets and objects. We later learn that objects are any thing that is bound together by its own gravity. We then learned that our position in space was not absolute, but could differ depending on the observer's location and velocity (symbol v) as a fixed frame of reference. Velocity is the rate of motion in a specific direction. All motion is relative to the frame of reference from which it is being observed. When we look up at the sky at night and see Most of the universe is empty space, called a vacuum, but it is an imperfect vacuum. There are clouds of interstellar dust and the tiny particles that make up the solar wind. There are many isolated particles and hydrogen atoms, which sometimes form clouds over a billion kilometers wide called "nebulae." Using the Earth as a fixed frame of reference our eyes see Space consisting of 3 dimensions (coordinate symbols x,y,z). Where x, y, and z equal individual points of space. If a point in space is expanded outward in two directions with infinite (never ending) distance a line of a one dimensional plane will be created with infinite length, but no width (breadth) or height (or depth). If that point of space is expanded outward in infinite directions and distance a two dimensional plane will be created with length and width (ex. square), but no height. Now if the two dimensional plane is expanded upwards and downwards with infinite distance then a three dimensional plane will be created with length, width and height (ex. cube). Using the Earth as a fixed frame of reference we observe a constant rising and setting of the sun in the sky. Before there were watches, time was measured by this physical process. Time is simply the rate of change happening all around us. As time progresses in a human lifespan we observe how starts as a newborn baby, a playful child, studious adolescent, mature adult parent, wise grandparent, and then death. Time (coordinate symbol t) is the fourth dimension that measures physical change (movement) of an object in space. Spacetime is a mathematical model that joins the dimensions of space and time into a single idea called a continuum (continuous connection x,y,z,t) that contains length, width height and movement (tesseract). Together space and time make up the four-dimension, in which all objects exist and interact with each other. Using the Earth as a fixed frame of reference we can observe that an object will move at a constant velocity unless another object or unbalanced force acts upon it. All frames of reference moving at constant velocity with respect to inertial frame are equivalent to each other and are also inertial frames. Time simply the rate of change happening all around us. Modern astronomers believe that Creation did not start at a single point in space. In Classical Physics Gravitational Potential Energy is proportional to the amount of work needed to bring an outside object into the gravitational field (an area of attractive force) of another object. The strength of the gravitational force of attraction between two objects represents the amount of gravitational energy in the field which attracts them towards each other. As the two objects accelerate closer to each other the Gravitational force gets smaller. Once the smaller object is trapped in the gravitational field it cannot escape unless and outside force can provide a greater amount of energy to escape. In the Gravitational Field Model, there is no gravity force of attraction, objects distort Spacetime by means of their mass, and this distortion is what is perceived and measured as a "force". light travels along geodesics, which are approximately straight lines in most circumstances that humans encounter in everyday life, but are curved by gravity) When an object approaches the speed of light, its inertial energy (work done to resist change in state of motion) approaches infinity and therefore its inertial mass (work done to resist change in velocity) also approaches infinity. 13.8 Billion years ago a oscillation (vibration) disturbance (quantum fluctuation) occurred that changed a true vacuum of nothing into our Universe being born as a very hot and dense singularity (point, bubble, or virtual particle) in space. Some physicist believe that a quantum fluctuation (disturbance) occurred in a Instanton (pseudoparticle that contained gravity, space, time, and mass) within a false vacuum (metastable vacuum absent of gravity, space, time, and mass) of pure energy (symbol E). In quantum field theory, a false vacuum is a metastable (unstable) vacuum state that wants to move to either a lower energy vacuum or a true vacuum state through a process known as bubble nucleation. This point in our Universe held a tremendous amount of high frequency stressed potential (stored) energy held together with a strong force of attraction. In the fraction of a second, a Quantum Fluctuation (temporary change in the amount of energy) occurred within the Singularity. The change of state in the Singularity caused a massive wave of energy to generate a repulsive force (also known as Inflation) that expanded our Universe like a balloon over 100 trillion times its initial size. After several minutes of expansion, the temperature of the Universe became cooler, less dense and the frequency of energy lowered to form a perfect condition for the fundamental forces of gravitation, electromagnetism, and strong and weak interactions to generate the building blocks of matter known as quarks and electrons. A quark is a tiny subatomic particle with a fractional charge Nucleation occurs when the concentration of the precursors exceeds a critical supersaturation value. Above this concentration, stable nuclei are formed which continue to grow as additional energy is available. Rather, space itself was expanding, with everything in the universe moving away from everything else. The Earth's axis would pierce that sphere in two places: the celestial north pole and the celestial south pole. the universe began cooling from the moment after the big bang, the Helmholtz density reached its first maximum value at a very high temperature corresponding to when the universe was just a fraction of a second old, and when the number of spatial dimensions was approximately three. Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2016-05-space-three-dimensional.html#jCp Frame of reference Something that oscillates is something that "vibrates", In 1811, Count Avogadro of Italy proposed that the simple integer coefficients in chemical reactions between gases could be explained by the rule that equal volumes of gases contain equal numbers of molecules (at the same temperature and pressure). physical space has three dimensions, which means that it takes exactly three real numbers to locate a point in space. These numbers are called the coordinates of the point, and the reference frame for coordinates is called the coordinate system. I This chapter paints in broad outline the transition from molecules to continuous matter, or mathematically speaking from point particles to fields. its amount of positive energy in the form of matter is exactly canceled out by its negative energy in the form of gravity. moving a mass from infinity (i.e. outside the gravitational field particles statistically move where there is less resistance by collisions which is generally towards an area of lower density or lower temperature High entropy generally means high disorder; and low entropy low disorder; the two paradigmatic cases that illustrate these two possibilities is a gas, for the first, and a crystal for the second. black holes have entropy -- a lot of entropy. I General Relativity gives a singularity at the very beginning, one spacet time point. ctual phase diagram of the universe and even if you knew it, there would be no easy way to tell what time scales phase transitions to a higher entropy state will take! The next phase transition (from the phase of the universe we see, right now) to the phase of the universe that will come next, may very well happen on a time scale of 1e40-1e100 years, or so (if we believe black hole evaporation, proton decay estimates etc.). However, if you look at the time scale of that phase transition from the perspective of a "normal" time scale of the following phase, it may happen in an instant... or as quickly as inflation may have happened on the scale of human time perception. he entropic force is determined by the variation of energy with respect to the radius, In the extreme mathematical limit, material particles are taken to be truly infinitesimal and all physical properties of the particles as well as the forces acting on them are described by smooth—or at least piecewise smooth—functions of space and time. What is the origin of such an entropic force? The most general answer is that the effect of thermal fluctuations tends to bring a thermodynamic system toward a macroscopic (visible to the unclothed eye) state that corresponds to a maximum in the number of microscopic states (or micro-states) that are compatible with this macroscopic state. In other words, As the universe expands the gravity energy becomes less negative and in the case of our nearly "flat" universe will approach zero. so-called “virtual particles” that constantly wink into and out of existence They appeal to the well-known phenomena of “virtual particle” creation and annihilation. The spontaneous (but short-lived) appearance of subatomic particles from a vacuum is called a quantum fluctuation. Force can be strong or weak can and can push or pull on any object. graviton particles All the forces of nature can be simplified down to four most fundamental of forces, which are gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear and weak nuclear. Without a first mover, nothing could be set in motion. Thus we acknowledge the first and primary mover as God. Electroweak interaction is the unified description of two of the four known fundamental interactions of nature: electromagnetism and the weak interaction. Although these two forces appear very different at everyday low energies, the theory models them as two different aspects of the same force. In empty space there are virtual quantum particles flitting in and out of existence The only form that can accommodate the change from nothing to something in a smooth transition without an infinite rate of change is the oscillatory In crystallization science, this level is referred to as ‘critical supersaturation.' The transition from ‘pure energy’ to particles is modeled as a crystallization process where the starting and end state consist of the same single entity. Formation of the Universe as a... (PDF Download Available). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264339506_Formation_of_the_Universe_as_a_Crystallization_Process_and_the_Evolution_of_Gravity [accessed Apr 29 2018]. low-energy fluctuations are characterized by local increase in free energy density (‘bunching’) which is plotted in the positive y-direction of the plot. To maintain energy balance, this energy bunching must be accompanied by a local ‘energy-hole’ which is deficient of energy and has equal energy density. The energy in Light was so great that it spontaneously decayed (split) into 6 Fermion Particle types (also known as flavors) with a collective positive charge (Quark) and 6 Sfermion Antiparticle types with a collective negative charge (AntiQuark). Over 3 generations 6 flavors of Quarks and AntiQuarks have been created. The first generation: Up (symbol u) and Down (symbol d); the second generation: Charm (symbol c) and Strange (symbol s); the third generation Top (symbol t), and Bottom (symbol b ). but the temperature of the universe was still too high to allow quarks to bind together to form hadrons. which makes up protons and neutrons. An antiquark is a tiny subatomic antiparticle (antimatter). A Gluon is a zero mass subatomic particle that holds three quarks together forming either a larger proton (two up quarks and one down quark) or a neutron (two down quarks and one up quark) particle. In Nature a Graviton, is an unseen massless spin 2 particle that transmits gravity and travels at the speed of light. A tiny fraction of a second later quarks clustered together to produce protons and neutrons. Several minutes later protons and neutrons combined into nuclei. At this point, the evolution of our Universe slowed down as it took an estimated 380,000 years to for electrons to be trapped in orbits around nuclei, forming the the smallest component of matter called Atoms (Elements). The first two Atoms created were Hydrogen and Helium. The size of an Atom (Element) is roughly 4 billionths of an inch (0.000000004 inch) and cannot be divided chemically into a simpler substance. Every object that we can taste, smell and touch is comprised of atoms that come together and exist in the form of Matter. Atoms can come together and form into three different states of Matter: solid, liquid, or gas. In science, Mass is the measurement of how much Matter is in an object you are observing by first counting the total number of atoms (atomic weight of elements), then counting total volume (size) of space matter takes up. the You the reader and I the writer are both made up of Matter. The term Mass (M) is defined as the measurement of how many total atoms are in an object. become a moving visible substance known as Primordial Light. This visible substance moved in all directions in both linear momentum (moving in a straight line) and angular momentum (spin on an axis and orbit around an axis). Over a period of time this visible substance changed motion, divided and came together again through both collisions and scattering to form new substances with different more complex properties. http://www.ravkooktorah.org/BREISHIT_67.htm https://www.tikkun.org/nextgen/how-the-ari-created-a-myth-and-transformed-judaism When one Up Quark and force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. quantum superposition Wavefunction of Spin One-Half Particle interacting according to specific laws of force. When one up Quark (lightest of Quarks) Some of these new particles grouped together to form quantum noise energy particles over time. with complex phase interchanges and energy exchanges. Even the feel of your body is different from other solid visible objects found in nature. inert material body associated with inert energy The actions your un of matter that is visible are unique visible physical forms of substance that comprised of a diverse collection of physical matter types. that can found in every visible object in the Universe that takes up space. I am writing to us this at a point in time moving across our known universe that is only known to you the reader after I have written it. I testify that I am made of a we are in same place at the same time we can both observe and communicate with each other. Right now communication is one way. In the near future I imagine AI (Artificial Intelligence) will categorize our unique nature by recording our actions and brain waves. In the near future, there will be attraction between any two or more objects that have Mass. weight measures the force of gravity acting on an object Weight and Size measurements are used to ship objects (packaged goods) from one location to another. In order to calculate the cost of shipping a package the size of the container will be needed to transport it, a transport carrier needs to know the weight of the object and the volume (size) dimensions by multiplying the width times the length times the height. Finding volume shipping cost is usually done with measuring tape and a precision scale. Volume is also used in measuring cups to determine how much ingredients are needed in cooking and baking. Another way to measure volume is by dropping your observed object into a graduated cylinder containing a known volume of water and measuring the new volume. Gas pumps measure how much volume of fuel is going in your tank. On Earth, to find the Mass (symbolized M) of an object you need to divide its weight (symbolized w) by the gravitational field strength of the our planet. Before we understand weight, a few concepts need be defined. First, weight on our planet is a result of the Gravitational field strength (gravity or gravitation) between the Mass of Earth and the Mass of the observed object. In our everyday life people measure weight of objects to determine their value. To give an example, if apples cost one dollar per pound and you selected an apple that weighed a half pound, then the amount you would have to pay to purchase the apple would be fifty cents. In our everyday life we use symbols to better understand and measure Nature. When you checkout groceries at the store a person or machine will read (scan) a unique product code given to every item (meats, fish, vegetables, fruits, nuts, etc) to determine the unit cost per pound of the item selected. The grocer or machine will weigh the item and give you the cost. Product codes really save time when you are purchasing many items. Scientist also use symbols to better understand Nature. For example, the standard astronomical symbol for our planet Earth is ⊕. Gnostics define the the cross within a circle as an ancient symbol ⊕ as the both the seen and unseen spiritual upper half and the seen and unseen physical lower half of our world. The point in the middle represents the seen and unseen physical and spiritual coming together as a spiritual being. The unit of Mass equal to that of Earth is M⊕. This value includes the atmosphere but excludes our moon. Our Earth has a gravitational field strength of 10 Newtons (symbolized N) per kilogram (symbolized kg)2. The superscript (the number above the normal line type symbolized 2) means a given number multiplied (symbolized x) by itself. A Newton is a unit of force that would give an object with the mass of one kilogram an acceleration of one meter per second squared. The formula is N equals (symbolized ? 1 kg x 1 meter (symbolized m) per second (symbolized s) squared. 10 Newtons = 10 kg x 10 m/s2. Gravitational acceleration (symbolized g) is the intensity of the gravitational field strength between two objects that increase the rate of speed on an object caused by the force of gravitation. On Earth, a 1 kg object weighs 2.2 pounds (symbolized lbs) which also means that 1 lb is the same as 4.45 N Near the Earth's surface the gravitational acceleration is approximately 9.80665 m/s2 which means that, ignoring the effects of air resistance, the speed of an object falling freely will increase by about 9.8 metres per second every second. In a free fall acceleration has the same magnitude as the gravitational field vector as an arrow pointing in the direction of motion with a length proportional to the speed. We refer to this vector as the velocity. N / 9.807 = kg Once you know the mass and volume of an object, you can calculate its density. This is done by a simple formula of dividing the object’s mass by its volume. Density determines whether the observed object will sink or float in a selected environment. Transport carriers use density to engineer vehicles to more efficiently float in water, fly in air, and drive in roads and railways. After determining the weight, volume and des which affects only quarks, antiquarks, and gluons at a subatomic level. A Creator has not been directly observed, but is accepted by Jews, Christians, Diests, and Polytheist as the fundamental Architect of the Universe. and the knowledge of good and evil actions and events that can benefit or harm them. There are many Deist and Polytheist that would agree with Jews and Christians that a Creator gave human beings a conscious mind to reason actions or events that cause benefit or harm. In Nature, human beings have observed actions and events that by which life arises from non-living matter. Jews and Christians believe and testify the that Creator's Holy Spirit breathed life into dust (non living matter) and formed the first living creatures. There are many Deist and Polytheist that would agree with Jews and Christians that a Creator is responsible for the Origin of the Universe, Natural Law, and the Evolution of non living (inorganic) matter into living (organic) matter. Quantum physicists would consider matter in terms of energy and vibration, radiating a unique energy signature. In Nature, parents teach their offspring what to do in order to survive during life. Jews and Christians teach their children that the Creator communicate with the Righteous who then share the Gospel (Accepted Testimony) of Truth on how to survive and prosper both physically and spiritually through a proper Code of Conduct (Morality). There are many Deist and Polytheist that would agree with Jews and Christians that a Creator has directly assisted human beings to survive and prosper during life and after death. but its gravitational effects are visible Dark matter is a type of matter that has not yet been directly observed, but is thought to form a fundamental part of the universe. Lord and His Angels (Messenger Spirits) Through Faith (Belief) the communities of Moses (Jews) and Jesus (Christians) believe and testify that the Holy Spirit is a Supernatural (beyond Natural Law) force of Will of the Creator (God) that can can create, modify, and destroy Nature and Natural Law. In Nature and by Natural Law water moves throughout our planet to help bring forth and restore life. Like water, Jews and Christians believe and testify that in Nature the Lord's Spirit (Creator Spirit) moves Supernaturally by the Will of God throughout our planet generating and restoring life. Jews and Christians believe and testify that Creator's Holy Spirit has given certain loyal humble human spirits (Righteous) the Supernatural ability to perceive God's Will moving throughout our planet generating and restoring life. Christians believe in testify that the eternal water flows from within the Righteous. There are many Deist and Polytheist that would agree with Jews and Christians that a Creator has given certain human beings extrasensory perception (ESP) to perceive information of Unnatural (Supernatural) events where life was generated or restored that could not be viewed through normal senses. In Society, the community can reject members that break agreed upon laws. Jews and Christians testify that the Spirit of the Lord can reject Sinners (prideful unclean human spirits) and Demons (prideful unclean Angels) and that reject the Creator's Law (Will) on how to live with one another. Jews and Christians testify that the Lord's Spirit (Spirit of the Lord) can rebuke, condemn, and destroy an unclean Demon (Fallen Angel) and Sinners. In Society, members of the community can bestow positions of power to individuals that are considered worthy of it. Jews and Christians testify that the Holy Spirit can empower and bestow gifts of wisdom, healing, miracles, prophecy, discernment of good and evil to Righteous to testify the truth about the Creator and lead followers according to His will. In Nature, water is tasteless, odorless, and transparent molecule that used to provide living creatures a way to regulate temperature and transport vital nutrients throughout the organism. Similar to water, Jews and Christians believe and testify the Lord's Spirit moves unperceivable through Nature with Supernatural power to control matter and bring nourishment to living creatures according to the Creator's Will. Both Jews, Christians, and Muslims believe and testify that both the seen and unseen in the Universe have no Supernatural power unless God wills it to be. Through prayer (communication with God) Jews and Christians believe and testify that the Righteous may ask the Spirit of the Creator to bless them with beneficial water to sustain the community. There are many Deist and Polytheist that would agree with Jews and Christians that a Creator has given certain human beings supernatural abilities to locate water and modify weather that cannot be done under normal circumstances. In Nature, water is used to purify (wash) unclean matter that can harm or destroy living creatures. Similar to water, Jews, Christians, and Muslims believe and testify that God has the the power to purify the mind and body of all living creatures from that which is unclean to God's Will. Both Jews and Christians use water to perform a purification ritual (Tvilah and Baptism) over human beings that are initiates to their corresponding faith communities. Jews believe and testify that running water is used to temporarily purify the physical bodies of defiled (Unclean) members who wish to temporarily atone themselves from Sin (Transgression) and find fellowship with God. Christians believe and testify that the Righteous may ask the Lord's Spirit of Holiness to come and bless water that is used to purify the living spirits of defiled (Unclean) members who wish to atone themselves from Sin and the Desire of the Flesh in order to find fellowship with God and enter the Kingdom of Heaven when the Lord Jesus Christ calls out for them. There are many Deist and Polytheist that would agree with Jews and Christians that a Creator has given certain human beings supernatural abilities to manipulate matter to purify the body and conscious of disease and unclean toxins. In Nature, water can kill living creatures by floods and contamination. Jews and Christians believe and testify that God has used water to punish sinful living spirits with overwhelming floods and contamination according to His Will. Jews and Christians believe and testify that God has given the Righteous power of prophecy perceive floods and manipulate water to protect members of the community. There are many Deist and Polytheist that would agree with Jews and Christians that a Creator has given certain human beings supernatural abilities of precognition to see future flood events and manipulate matter to contaminate water with disease and unclean toxins. In Nature, air is tasteless, odorless, and transparent molecule that used to provide living creatures with energy. through the air, water, and Jews and Christians testify the Lord (another name for God) can permit a vile (evil unclean) spirit (evil unclean spirit) to move through nature to torment, give false guidance that brings destructive folly, possess, disease and death to rejected prideful unclean living human spirits that betray or harm members of the Lord's community. In Nature, drought can kill living creatures from the lack of drinking water. Jews and Christians believe and testify that God has taken away water to punish sinful living spirits with drought. In Nature, blood is the fluid that contains water and nutrients that sustains life in an organism. Jews and Christians testify that the blood within all living creatures (including human) is life. Jews testify that that the Lord has taught sanctioned priests of the community to use the blood of a living creature as an offering for the temporary atonement of sins that have been committed and for the purpose of making a covenant with the Lord for a prosperous life. Christians believe and testify that the Holy Spirit of Glory (Holy Spirit) has taught that there is no longer a need to offer living creatures to the Creator, the unblemished Lamb (Jesus Christ) was sanctioned to sacrifice his blood as a permanent offering for the atonement of sins that have been committed and a new covenant with the Father (the Lord) for eternal life. Christians believe that purified water of eternal life and the power of God's Spirit resides in the blood of glorified body of Jesus Christ. . In Nature, Attraction is an instinctual physical connection behavior (Physical Beauty) between two or more creatures to survive and reproduce. Many Diest and Polytheist believe that it was the Creator's Will to form creatures with temporary Physical Beauty to arouse the desire to mate (Pairing) by sexual reproduction. Jews and Christians believe and testify that the Lord formed living creatures with temporary Physical Beauty be to be fruitful and multiply populations around the planet. In Nature, affection is considered as an intense emotional connection behavior between two or more creatures. Jews and Christians believe and testify that the Creator has affection for all living creatures. courtship is an instinctual physical attraction and the sending and receiving of pheromones. In Society believes and testifies that love is a term of selfless giving to others. While the instin Jews and Christians believe that the Lord permitted the Father of lies, the demon Adversary (Satan) to use Envy to tempt Eve and Adam to go against his will. The Lord used permitted Satan to mentally torment Job test to go against his will. Jesus follow God's will like he had successfully done with Eve and Adam. Christ rebuked Satan in the desert and later condemned God's Adversary. The Holy Spirit of Glory can also command unclean demons and spirits to test living human spirits. And we must not take or drink human blood (life) or face punishment. Catholics and Orthodox believe that through the sacrament (ritual) of communion (sharing) a real presence with the Messiah (Christ) can be made with humble living human spirits, in which Christ shares his Glorified blood for everlasting atonement of sins mankind has made against the Creator and other living creatures. Jesus blood also and contains the water of the Creator's new covenant with with living human spirits that grants eternal life to those that truly understand the command to Love. Genesis 2:7 The Lord God formed 20 the man from the soil of the ground 21 and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, 22 and the man became a living being. Exodus 17 17:4 Then Moses cried out to the Lord, “What will I do with 14 this people? – a little more 15 and they will stone me!” 16 17:5 The Lord said to Moses, “Go over before the people; 17 take with you some of the elders of Israel and take in your hand your staff with which you struck the Nile and go. 17:6 I will be standing 18 before you there on 19 the rock in Horeb, and you will strike 20 the rock, and water will come out of it so that the people may drink.” 21 And Moses did so in plain view 22 of the elders of Israel. Exodus 24 24:3 Moses came 8 and told the people all the Lord’s words 9 and all the decisions. All the people answered together, 10 “We are willing to do 11 all the words that the Lord has said,” 24:4 and Moses wrote down all the words of the Lord. Early in the morning he built 12 an altar at the foot 13 of the mountain and arranged 14 twelve standing stones 15 – according to the twelve tribes of Israel. 24:5 He sent young Israelite men, 16 and they offered burnt offerings and sacrificed young bulls for peace offerings 17 to the Lord. 24:6 Moses took half of the blood and put it in bowls, and half of the blood he splashed on the altar. 24:7 He took the Book of the Covenant 19 and read it aloud 20 to the people, and they said, “We are willing to do and obey 21 all that the Lord has spoken.” 24:8 So Moses took the blood and splashed it on 22 the people and said, “This is the blood of the covenant 23 that the Lord has made with you in accordance with all these words.” Exodus 30 30:17 The Lord spoke to Moses: 38 30:18 “You are also to make a large bronze 39 basin with a bronze stand 40 for washing. You are to put it between the tent of meeting and the altar and put water in it, 41 30:19 and Aaron and his sons must wash their hands and their feet from it. 42 30:20 When they enter 43 the tent of meeting, they must wash with 44 water so that they do not die. Leviticus 22:1 The Lord spoke to Moses: 22:2 “Tell Aaron and his sons that they must deal respectfully with the holy offerings 1 of the Israelites, which they consecrate to me, so that they do not profane my holy name. 2 I am the Lord. 22:3 Say to them, ‘Throughout your generations, 3 if any man from all your descendants approaches the holy offerings which the Israelites consecrate 4 to the Lord while he is impure, 5 that person must be cut off from before me. 6 I am the Lord. 22:4 No man 7 from the descendants of Aaron who is diseased or has a discharge 8 may eat the holy offerings until he becomes clean. The one 9 who touches anything made unclean by contact with a dead person, 10 or a man who has a seminal emission, 11 22:5 or a man who touches a swarming thing by which he becomes unclean, 12 or touches a person 13 by which he becomes unclean, whatever that person’s impurity 14 – 22:6 the person who touches any of these 15 will be unclean until evening and must not eat from the holy offerings unless he has bathed his body in water. 22:7 When the sun goes down he will be clean, and afterward he may eat from the holy offerings, because they are his food. 22:8 He must not eat an animal that has died of natural causes 16 or an animal torn by beasts and thus become unclean by it. I am the Lord. 22:9 They must keep my charge so that they do not incur sin on account of it 17 and therefore die 18 because they profane it. I am the Lord who sanctifies them. 1 Kings 19 19:9 He went into a cave there and spent the night. All of a sudden the Lord spoke to him, “Why are you here, Elijah?” 19:10 He answered, “I have been absolutely loyal 12 to the Lord, the sovereign God, 13 even though the Israelites have abandoned the agreement they made with you, 14 torn down your altars, and killed your prophets with the sword. I alone am left and now they want to take my life.” 15 19:11 The Lord 16 said, “Go out and stand on the mountain before the Lord. Look, the Lord is ready to pass by.” A very powerful wind went before the Lord, digging into the mountain and causing landslides, 17 but the Lord was not in the wind. After the windstorm there was an earthquake, but the Lord was not in the earthquake. 19:12 After the earthquake, there was a fire, but the Lord was not in the fire. After the fire, there was a soft whisper. 18 19:13 When Elijah heard it, he covered his face with his robe and went out and stood at the entrance to the cave. All of a sudden 19 a voice asked him, “Why are you here, Elijah?” Proverbs 31:30 Charm is deceitful 73 and beauty is fleeting, 74 but a woman who fears the Lord 75 will be praised. 31:31 Give 76 her credit for what she has accomplished, 77 and let her works praise her 78 in the city gates. 79 Wisdom of Solomon 2 24 Nevertheless through envy of the devil came death into the world: and they that do hold of his side do find it. Mark 1 1:21 Then 38 they went to Capernaum. 39 When the Sabbath came, 40 Jesus 41 went into the synagogue 42 and began to teach. 1:22 The people there 43 were amazed by his teaching, because he taught them like one who had authority, 44 not like the experts in the law. 45 1:23 Just then there was a man in their synagogue with an unclean spirit, 46 and he cried out, 47 1:24 “Leave us alone, 48 Jesus the Nazarene! Have you come to destroy us? I know who you are – the Holy One 49 of God!” 1:25 But 50 Jesus rebuked him: 51 “Silence! Come out of him!” 52 1:26 After throwing him into convulsions, the unclean spirit cried out with a loud voice and came out of him. 1:27 They were all amazed so that they asked each other, “What is this? A new teaching with authority! He even commands the unclean spirits and they obey him.” 1:28 So 53 the news about him spread quickly throughout all the region around Galilee. Healings at Simon’s House 1:29 Now 54 as soon as they left the synagogue, 55 they entered Simon and Andrew’s house, with James and John. 1:30 Simon’s mother-in-law was lying down, sick with a fever, so 56 they spoke to Jesus 57 at once about her. 1:31 He came and raised her up by gently taking her hand. Then the fever left her and she began to serve 58 them. 1:32 When it was evening, after sunset, they brought to him all who were sick and demon-possessed. 1:33 The whole town gathered by the door. 1:34 So 59 he healed many who were sick with various diseases and drove out many demons. 60 But 61 he would not permit the demons to speak, 62 because they knew him. 63 Praying and Preaching 1:35 Then 64 Jesus 65 got up early in the morning when it was still very dark, departed, and went out to a deserted place, and there he spent time in prayer. 66 1:36 Simon and his companions searched for him. 1:37 When they found him, they said, “Everyone is looking for you.” 1:38 He replied, 67 “Let us go elsewhere, into the surrounding villages, so that I can preach there too. For that is what I came out here to do.” 68 1:39 So 69 he went into all of Galilee preaching in their synagogues 70 and casting out demons. John 1 The Original Aramaic New Testament in Plain English 10. He was in the world, and the world existed by his hand, and the world knew him not. 11. He came unto his own, and his own received him not. 12. But those that received him, to them he gave authority to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on his Name, 13. Those who had not been born of blood, nor of the desire of the flesh, nor of the desire of a man, but of God. 29. And the day after, Yohannan saw Yeshua Who came to him and Yohannan said : "Behold, The Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world!" 30. "This is The One of whom I said: 'After me a man is coming and he was himself before me because he had priority over me.'" 32. And Yohannan testified and said: "I saw The Spirit who was descending from Heaven like a dove and remaining upon him." 33. "And I did not know him, but he who sent me to baptize in water, he said to me: 'The One on whom you see The Spirit descending and remaining, This is The One who baptizes in The Spirit of Holiness.' " 34. "And I have seen and have testified that This One is The Son of God." 35. And another day Yohannan was standing and two of his disciples; 36. And he gazed upon Yeshua as he was walking and said: "Behold: The Lamb of God." John 3 The Original Aramaic New Testament in Plain English 1. One man of the Pharisees was living there; his name was Nicodemus. He was a leader of the Judeans. 2. This man came to Yeshua at night and said to him: "Rabbi, we know that you are a teacher sent from God, for no man is able to do these miracles that you are doing unless God were with him." 3. Yeshua answered and said to him: "Timeless truth I am telling you: If a person is not born again, it is impossible for that one to see the Kingdom of God." 4. Nicodemus said to him: "How can an old man be born? Is it not impossible for him again to enter his mother's womb a second time and be born?" 5. Yeshua answered and said to him: "Timeless truth I am telling you: "If a person is not born from water and The Spirit, it is impossible that he shall enter the Kingdom of God. 6. That which is born from flesh is flesh, and that which is born from The Spirit is spirit. 7. Do not be surprised that I said to you that all of you must be born again. 8. The Spirit breathes where he will, and you hear his voice, but you do not know from where he comes and where he goes; thus is everyone who is born from The Spirit." 9. Nicodemus answered and said to him, "How can these things be?" 10. Yeshua answered and said to him: "You are the Teacher of Israel and you do not know these things? 11. Timeless truth I speak to you: The things that We know We are speaking and the things that We see We are testifying, and Our testimony all of you do not accept. 12. If I have told all of you that which is in the earth and you are not believing, how shall you believe me if I tell you that which is in Heaven? 13. And no man has gone up to Heaven except he who went down from Heaven: The Son of Man -- he who is in Heaven. 14. And just as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, thus The Son of Man is going to be lifted up, 15. So that every person who believes in him shall not be lost, but shall have eternal life. 16. For God loved the world in this way: so much that he would give up his Son, The Only One, so that everyone who trusts in him shall not be lost, but he shall have eternal life. 17. For God did not send his Son into the world that he would condemn the world, but that he would give life to the world by him. 18. Whoever believes in him is not judged, and whoever does not believe is judged already, because he does not believe in The Name of The Only Begotten Son of God. 19. This is the judgment: The Light has come into the world and the children of men loved the darkness more than The Light, because their works were evil. 20. For everyone who does what is hateful, hates The Light and does not come to The Light, lest his works should be convicted. 21. But he who does The Truth comes to The Light, so that his works may be revealed, that they are performed by God." John 4 The Original Aramaic New Testament in Plain English 6. And Jaqob's spring of water was there, and Yeshua, weary from walking, sat down by himself at the spring at the sixth hour. 7. And a woman from Samaria came to draw water and Yeshua said to her, "Give me water to drink." 8. For his disciples had entered the city to buy provisions for themselves. 9. And the Samaritan woman said to him, "How is it that you, a Jew, would ask me, a Samaritan woman, for a drink?" For the Jews do not associate with the Samaritans. 10. Yeshua answered and said to her, "If only you knew what the gift of God is, and who this is who says to you, 'Give me to drink', you would have asked for what he has, and he would have given you living waters." 11. This woman said to him, "My Lord, you have no bucket and the well is deep. From where do you have living waters?" 12. "Are you greater than our forefather Jaqob, he who gave us this well, and he drank from it, also his children and his flock? " 13. Yeshua answered and said to her, "Everyone who shall drink from these waters shall thirst again; 14. But everyone who shall drink of the waters that I will give him shall not thirst for eternity, but those waters that I give him shall be springs of waters in him that shall spring up into eternal life." 15. This woman said to him, "My lord, give me from these waters that I shall not thirst again, and so I am not coming to draw from here." 16. Yeshua said to her, "Go call your husband and come here." 17. She said to him, "I have no husband.'" Yeshua said to her, "You have said correctly, 'I have no husband'. 18. For you have had five husbands, and this man that is with you now is not your husband; this you have spoken truly." 19. The woman said to him, "My lord, I perceive that you are a Prophet. 20. Our forefathers worshiped in this mountain, and you say that in Jerusalem is the place where it is necessary to worship." 21. Yeshua said to her, "Woman, believe me that the hour is coming in which neither in this mountain nor in Jerusalem will you worship The Father. 22. You are worshiping what you do not know. We know what we are worshiping, for The Life is of the Jews. 23. But the hour is coming and now is, when the true worshippers will worship The Father in The Spirit and in The Truth, for The Father also is seeking such worshippers as these. 24. For The Spirit is God, and it is fitting that those who worship him worship in The Spirit and in The Truth." 25. The woman said to him, "I know that The Messiah is coming, and when he comes, he will teach us all things." 26. Yeshua said to her, "I AM THE LIVING GOD , I who am speaking with you." John 6 The Original Aramaic New Testament in Plain English 53. And Yeshua said to them, "Timeless truth I speak to you: Unless you eat the body of The Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in yourselves." 54. "But whoever eats of my body and drinks of my blood has eternal life, and I shall raise him in the last day." 55. "For my body truly is food, and my blood truly is drink." 56. "Whoever eats my body and drinks my blood abides in me and I in him." 57. "Just as The Living Father has sent me, and I am living because of The Father, whoever will eat me, he also will live because of Me." 58. "This is the bread that came down from Heaven. It is not as your forefathers who ate manna and have died; whoever eats this bread shall live for eternity." 59. These things he said in the synagogue when he taught in Kapernahum. 60. And many of his disciples who heard were saying, "This saying is hard. Who is able to hear it?" 61. But Yeshua knew in his soul that his disciples were murmuring about this, and he said to them, "Does this subvert you?" 62. "Truly you will see therefore The Son of Man ascending to the place where he was from the first." 63. "The Spirit is The Life Giver; the body does not benefit anything. The words that I speak with you are spirit and life." John 7 The Original Aramaic New Testament in Plain English 35. The Judeans were saying among themselves, "Where is This Man prepared to go that we cannot be, indeed to a region of the Gentiles? Is he prepared to go teach the pagans?" 36. "What is this statement that he spoke: 'You will seek me and will not find me, and wherever I am, you are not able to come?' " 37. But at the great day, which is the last of the feast, Yeshua stood and he proclaimed and said: "If a man is thirsty, let him come to me and drink." 38. "Everyone who trusts in me, just as the scriptures have said, rivers of living water shall flow from within him." 39. But this he spoke about The Spirit, Whom those who were trusting in him were being prepared to receive; for The Spirit had not yet been given, because Yeshua had not yet been glorified. Jesus' "cleansing blood," that is, to his death that purifies believers from sin. John 19 The Original Aramaic New Testament in Plain English 34. But one of the soldiers struck him on his side with his spear, and at once blood and water issued forth. 35. And he who saw testified and his testimony is true and he knows that he spoke the truth so that you also may believe. 36. For these things happened that the scripture should be fulfilled that says, "Not a bone of him will be broken", 37. And another scripture again, that says, "They shall gaze at him whom they pierced through," Zech 12:10. Here a single phrase is quoted from Zech 12, but the entire context is associated with the events surrounding the crucifixion. The “Spirit of grace and of supplication” is poured out on the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem in the first part of v. 10. A few verses later in 13:1 Yahweh (typically rendered as “Lord” in the OT) says “In that day a fountain will be opened for the house of David and for the inhabitants of Jerusalem, for sin and for impurity.” The blood which flowed from Jesus’ pierced side may well be what the author saw as the connection here, since as the shedding of the blood of the sacrificial victim it represents cleansing from sin. Although the Jewish authorities and Roman soldiers certainly “looked on the one whom they have pierced” as he hung on the cross, the author may also have in mind the parousia (second coming) here. The context in Zech 12-14 is certainly the second coming, so that these who crucified Jesus will look upon him in another sense when he returns in judgment. LEVITICUS 1 1:10 “‘If his offering is from the flock for a burnt offering 24 – from the sheep or the goats – he must present a flawless male, 1:11 and must slaughter it on the north side of the altar before the Lord, and the sons of Aaron, the priests, will splash its blood against the altar’s sides. ZECHARIAH 13 12:1 The revelation of the word of the Lord concerning Israel: The Lord – he who stretches out the heavens and lays the foundations of the earth, who forms the human spirit within a person 1 – says, 12:2 “I am about to make Jerusalem 2 a cup that brings dizziness 3 to all the surrounding nations; indeed, Judah will also be included when Jerusalem is besieged. 12:3 Moreover, on that day I will make Jerusalem a heavy burden 4 for all the nations, and all who try to carry it will be seriously injured; 5 yet all the peoples of the earth will be assembled against it. 12:4 In that day,” says the Lord, “I will strike every horse with confusion and its rider with madness. I will pay close attention to the house of Judah, but will strike all the horses 6 of the nations 7 with blindness. 12:5 Then the leaders of Judah will say to themselves, ‘The inhabitants of Jerusalem are a means of strength to us through their God, the Lord who rules over all.’ 12:6 On that day 8 I will make the leaders of Judah like an igniter 9 among sticks and a burning torch among sheaves, and they will burn up all the surrounding nations right and left. Then the people of Jerusalem will settle once more in their place, the city of Jerusalem. 12:7 The Lord also will deliver the homes 10 of Judah first, so that the splendor of the kingship 11 of David and of the people of Jerusalem may not exceed that of Judah. 12:8 On that day the Lord himself will defend the inhabitants of Jerusalem, so that the weakest among them will be like mighty David, and the dynasty of David will be like God, like the angel of the Lord before them. 12 12:9 So on that day I will set out to destroy all the nations 13 that come against Jerusalem.” 12:10 “I will pour out on the kingship 14 of David and the population of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and supplication so that they will look to me, 15 the one they have pierced. They will lament for him as one laments for an only son, and there will be a bitter cry for him like the bitter cry for a firstborn. 16 12:11 On that day the lamentation in Jerusalem will be as great as the lamentation at Hadad-Rimmon 17 in the plain of Megiddo. 18 12:12 The land will mourn, clan by clan – the clan of the royal household of David by itself and their wives by themselves; the clan of the family of Nathan 19 by itself and their wives by themselves; 12:13 the clan of the descendants of Levi by itself and their wives by themselves; and the clan of the Shimeites 20 by itself and their wives by themselves – 12:14 all the clans that remain, each separately with their wives.” ZECHARIAH 13 13:1 “In that day there will be a fountain opened up for the dynasty 1 of David and the people of Jerusalem 2 to cleanse them from sin and impurity. 3 13:2 And also on that day,” says the Lord who rules over all, “I will remove 4 the names of the idols from the land and they will never again be remembered. Moreover, I will remove the prophets and the unclean spirit from the land. 13:3 Then, if anyone prophesies in spite of this, his father and mother to whom he was born will say to him, ‘You cannot live, for you lie in the name of the Lord.’ Then his father and mother to whom he was born will run him through with a sword when he prophesies. 5 13:4 “Therefore, on that day each prophet will be ashamed of his vision when he prophesies and will no longer wear the hairy garment 6 of a prophet to deceive the people. 7 13:5 Instead he will say, ‘I am no prophet – indeed, I am a farmer, for a man has made me his indentured servant since my youth.’ 8 13:6 Then someone will ask him, ‘What are these wounds on your chest?’ 9 and he will answer, ‘Some that I received in the house of my friends.’ 1 John 5 6 This is the one who came by water and blood—Jesus Christ. He did not come by water only, but by water and blood. And it is the Spirit who testifies, because the Spirit is the truth. 7 For there are three that testify: 8 the Spirit, the water and the blood; and the three are in agreement. John 21 The Original Aramaic New Testament in Plain English 14. This was the third time Yeshua appeared to his disciples after he had risen from the tomb. 15. And after they had breakfast, Yeshua said to Shimeon Kaypha, "Shimeon, Bar Yonah, do you love me more than these things?" He said to him, "Yes, my Lord, you know that I love you." He said to him, "Shepherd my lambs for me." 16. He said to him again a second time, "Shimeon Bar Yonah, do you love me?" He said to him, "Yes, my Lord. You know that I love you." Yeshua said to him, "Shepherd my sheep for me." 17. He said a third time, "Shimeon Bar Yonah, do you love me?" And Kaypha was saddened that he said to him the third time, "Do you love me?" And he said to him, "My lord, you discern everything; you know that I love you." Yeshua said to him, "Shepherd my ewes for me." John 6 6:47 I tell you the solemn truth, 71 the one who believes 72 has eternal life. 73 6:48 I am the bread of life. 74 6:49 Your ancestors 75 ate the manna in the wilderness, and they died. 6:50 This 76 is the bread that has come down from heaven, so that a person 77 may eat from it and not die. 6:51 I am the living bread that came down from heaven. If anyone eats from this bread he will live forever. The bread 78 that I will give for the life of the world is my flesh.” 6:52 Then the Jews who were hostile to Jesus 79 began to argue with one another, 80 “How can this man 81 give us his flesh to eat?” 6:53 Jesus said to them, “I tell you the solemn truth, 82 unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, 83 you have no life 84 in yourselves. 6:54 The one who eats 85 my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day. 86 6:55 For my flesh is true 87 food, and my blood is true 88 drink. 6:56 The one who eats 89 my flesh and drinks my blood resides in me, and I in him. 90 6:57 Just as the living Father sent me, and I live because of the Father, so the one who consumes 91 me will live because of me. 6:58 This 92 is the bread that came down from heaven; it is not like the bread your ancestors 93 ate, but then later died. 94 The one who eats 95 this bread will live forever.” John 16 16:7 But I tell you the truth, it is to your advantage that I am going away. For if I do not go away, the Advocate 15 will not come to you, but if I go, I will send him to you. 16:8 And when he 16 comes, he will prove the world wrong 17 concerning sin and 18 righteousness and 19 judgment – 16:9 concerning sin, because 20 they do not believe in me; 21 16:10 concerning righteousness, 22 because 23 I am going to the Father and you will see me no longer; 16:11 and concerning judgment, 24 because 25 the ruler of this world 26 has been condemned. 27 Many Followers Depart 6:59 Jesus 96 said these things while he was teaching in the synagogue 97 in Capernaum. 98 6:60 Then many of his disciples, when they heard these things, 99 said, “This is a difficult 100 saying! 101 Who can understand it?” 102 6:61 When Jesus was aware 103 that his disciples were complaining 104 about this, he said to them, “Does this cause you to be offended? 105 6:62 Then what if you see the Son of Man ascending where he was before? 106 6:63 The Spirit is the one who gives life; human nature is of no help! The words that I have spoken to you are spirit and are life. 108 6:64 But there are some of you who do not believe.” (For Jesus had already known from the beginning who those were who did not believe, and who it was who would betray him.) 109 6:65 So Jesus added, 110 “Because of this I told you that no one can come to me unless the Father has allowed him to come.” 111 1 Corinthians 15 15:42 It is the same with the resurrection of the dead. What is sown is perishable, what is raised is imperishable. 25 15:43 It is sown in dishonor, it is raised in glory; it is sown in weakness, it is raised in power; 15:44 it is sown a natural body, it is raised a spiritual body. If there is a natural body, there is also a spiritual body. 15:45 So also it is written, “The first man, Adam, became a living person”; 26 the last Adam became a life-giving spirit. 15:46 However, the spiritual did not come first, but the natural, and then the spiritual. 15:47 The first man is from the earth, made of dust; the second man is from heaven. 15:48 Like the one made of dust, so too are those made of dust, and like the one from heaven, so too those who are heavenly. 15:49 And just as we have borne the image of the man of dust, let us also bear 27 the image of the man of heaven. 15:50 Now this is what I am saying, brothers and sisters: 28 Flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God, nor does the perishable inherit the imperishable. 15:51 Listen, 29 I will tell you a mystery: We will not all sleep, 30 but we will all be changed – 15:52 in a moment, in the blinking 31 of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised imperishable, and we will be changed. 15:53 For this perishable body must put on the imperishable, and this mortal body must put on immortality. 15:54 Now when this perishable puts on the imperishable, and this mortal puts on immortality, then the saying that is written will happen, “Death has been swallowed up in victory.” 32 15:55 “Where, O death, is your victory? Where, O death, is your sting?” 33 15:56 The sting of death is sin, and the power of sin is the law. 15:57 But thanks be to God, who gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ! 15:58 So then, dear brothers and sisters, 34 be firm. Do not be moved! Always be outstanding in the work of the Lord, knowing that your labor is not in vain in the Lord. EPHESIANS 4 19 4:15 ...practicing the truth in love, 20 we will in all things grow up into Christ, who is the head. 4:16 From him the whole body grows, fitted and held together through every supporting ligament. As each one does its part, the body grows in love. 4:17 So I say this, and insist in the Lord, that you no longer live as the Gentiles do, in the futility of their thinking. 4:18 They are darkened in their understanding, being alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them due to the hardness of their hearts. 4:19 Because they are callous, they have given themselves over to indecency for the practice of every kind of impurity with greediness. 4:20 But you did not learn about Christ like this, 4:21 if indeed you heard about him and were taught in him, just as the truth is in Jesus. 4:22 You were taught with reference to your former way of life to lay aside the old man who is being corrupted in accordance with deceitful desires, 4:23 to be renewed in the spirit of your mind, 4:24 and to put on the new man who has been created in God’s image 29 – in righteousness and holiness that comes from truth. Hebrews 9 9:1 Now the first covenant, 1 in fact, had regulations for worship and its earthly sanctuary. 9:2 For a tent was prepared, the outer one, 2 which contained 3 the lampstand, the table, and the presentation of the loaves; this 4 is called the holy place. 9:3 And after the second curtain there was a tent called the holy of holies. 9:4 It contained the golden altar of incense and the ark of the covenant covered entirely with gold. In this ark 5 were the golden urn containing the manna, Aaron’s rod that budded, and the stone tablets of the covenant. 9:5 And above the ark 6 were the cherubim 7 of glory overshadowing the mercy seat. Now is not the time to speak of these things in detail. 9:6 So with these things prepared like this, the priests enter continually into the outer tent 8 as they perform their duties. 9:7 But only the high priest enters once a year into the inner tent, 9 and not without blood that he offers for himself and for the sins of the people committed in ignorance. 10 9:8 The Holy Spirit is making clear that the way into the holy place had not yet appeared as long as the old tabernacle 11 was standing. 9:9 This was a symbol for the time then present, when gifts and sacrifices were offered that could not perfect the conscience of the worshiper. 9:10 They served only for matters of food and drink 12 and various washings; they are external regulations 13 imposed until the new order came. 14 9:11 But now Christ has come 15 as the high priest of the good things to come. He passed through the greater and more perfect tent not made with hands, that is, not of this creation, 9:12 and he entered once for all into the most holy place not by the blood of goats and calves but by his own blood, and so he himself secured 16 eternal redemption. 9:13 For if the blood of goats and bulls and the ashes of a young cow sprinkled on those who are defiled consecrated them and provided ritual purity, 17 9:14 how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without blemish to God, purify our 18 consciences from dead works to worship the living God. 9:15 And so he is the mediator 19 of a new covenant, so that those who are called may receive the eternal inheritance he has promised, 20 since he died 21 to set them free from the violations committed under the first covenant. 9:16 For where there is a will, the death of the one who made it must be proven. 22 9:17 For a will takes effect only at death, since it carries no force while the one who made it is alive. 9:18 So even the first covenant was inaugurated with blood. 23 9:19 For when Moses had spoken every command to all the people according to the law, he took the blood of calves and goats with water and scarlet wool and hyssop and sprinkled both the book itself and all the people, 9:20 and said, “This is the blood of the covenant that God has commanded you to keep.” 24 9:21 And both the tabernacle and all the utensils of worship he likewise sprinkled with blood. 9:22 Indeed according to the law almost everything was purified with blood, and without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness. 9:23 So it was necessary for the sketches 25 of the things in heaven to be purified with these sacrifices, 26 but the heavenly things themselves required 27 better sacrifices than these. 9:24 For Christ did not enter a sanctuary made with hands – the representation 28 of the true sanctuary 29 – but into heaven itself, and he appears now in God’s presence for us. 9:25 And he did not enter to offer 30 himself again and again, the way the high priest enters the sanctuary year after year with blood that is not his own, 9:26 for then he would have had to suffer again and again since the foundation of the world. But now he has appeared once for all at the consummation of the ages to put away sin by his sacrifice. 9:27 And just as people 31 are appointed to die once, and then to face judgment, 32 9:28 so also, after Christ was offered once to bear the sins of many, 33 to those who eagerly await him he will appear a second time, not to bear sin 34 but to bring salvation. 1 Peter 1 1:10 Concerning this salvation, the prophets who predicted the grace that would come to you searched and investigated carefully. 1:11 They probed into what person or time the Spirit of Christ within them was indicating when he testified beforehand about the sufferings appointed for Christ and his subsequent glory. 27 1:12 They were shown that they were serving not themselves but you, in regard to the things now announced to you through those who proclaimed the gospel to you by the Holy Spirit sent from heaven – things angels long to catch a glimpse of. 1 Peter 5 5:8 Be sober and alert. Your enemy the devil, like a roaring lion, 14 is on the prowl looking for someone 15 to devour. 5:9 Resist him, 16 strong in your faith, because you know 17 that your brothers and sisters 18 throughout the world 19 are enduring 20 the same kinds of suffering. 21 5:10 And, after you have suffered for a little while, the God of all grace who called you to his eternal glory in Christ 22 will himself restore, confirm, strengthen, and establish you. 23 5:11 To him belongs 24 the power forever. Amen. The Peshitta Aramaic-English Interlinear Gospels The Holy Gospel Preaching of Matthew 10 1. He called His disciples and He gave to them authority over filfthy spirits to cast them out and to heal every ailment and disease The Holy Gospel Preaching of Matthew 11 19. When they arrest you, not shall you be anxious how or what you will speak, it will be given to you for in that hour whatever you should speak. 20. Not it will be you speaking. but, The Spirit of your Father speaking in you, 21. will deliver but brother, his brother, to death, and father, his son and will rise children against their parents, and they will put to death them. 22. And you will be hated of everyman, because of My name, whoever, but will endure until the end he will be saved. The Holy Gospel Preaching of Matthew 12 16. And he warned them that not they should reveal Him 17. that it should be fulfilled the thing, that which is spoken by Isaiah the prophet which says 18. Behold My Servant in Whom I delight in Him. My Beloved for Whom has longed for Him, My Soul, My Spirit, I shall put upon him and judgment to the nations He will preach. 19. not He will dispute neither will he cry out, nor a man will hear his voice in the streets 27. And if I am by Beelzebub I am casting out demons, you sons by whom do they cast out them, because of this they will be to you judges 28. And if by the Spirit of God, I am casting out demons has come near. it unto you the Kingdom of God. 29 Or How is able that man is able that he should enter the House of a mighty man. And his goods should plunder unless, only first he would bind him, the mighty man and then his house he may plunder 31. Because of this I say to you, that all sins and blasphemies they will be forgiven, to the children of men the blasphemy, but that is against the Spirit not will be forgiven, to the children of men. 32. everyone who will say, a word against The Son of Man, it will be forgiven to him to everyone, but who against the Spirit of Holiness will talk, not it will be forgiven to him, not in this world and not in the world that is being prepared. 33 either make the tree good and its fruit good, or make the tree bad and its fruit bad, from its fruit is for known a tree. 34. offspring of vipers, How are able you good things to speak who evil are? from the fullness of the heart speaks the mouth 35. a man good from a treasure good, brings good things and a man evil from treasure evil brings evil things 36. say I unto you for that every word idle, that will say children of men, they will give an answer for it in the day of judgement 37. by your words you will be justified, and by your words you will be condemned. 43. whenever but a spirit vile goes out, from a son of man it wanders about in places, where there is no water in them and it seeks rest and does not find it. 44 then it says I shall return to my house, from where I came out and it goes, finding that is empty and swept and decorated. 45. then it goes bringing with it seven other spirits, than it worse and they enter and dwell in it, and the end of a man that worse than the beginning, thus it will be done to it, to this evil generation The Holy Gospel Preaching of Matthew 18 26. And falling down that servant worshiped him, and he said my lord prolong concerning me your spirit, and everything I shall pay you. 27. And moved with pity his lord of servant that, and he released him and his debt forgiving him. 28. went out but servant that and he found, one of his associates who had owed him a hundred danari and seized him and choked him, and he said to him give to m that which you owe to me. 29. And that associate he fell before his feet, begging of him and saying to him, prolong concerning me your spirit and I shall pay you. The Holy Gospel Preaching of Matthew 26 41. watch and pray lest you enter into temptation, the spirit is ready but the body is weak The Holy Gospel Preaching of Matthew 27 50. but He Yeshua cried again, with a voice loud, and departed his Spirit The Holy Gospel Preaching of Matthew 28 therefore go you disciple all of them the and baptize them in the Name of the Father and the Son and the Spirit of Holiness The Holy Gospel Preaching of Mark 1 8. I have immersed you in water He will immerse you in The Spirit of Holiness 10. And at once as He came up from the waters He saw the heavens that were ripped open and the The Spirit as a dove who was descending upon Him. 11. And a voice there was from the heavens You are My beloved Son with you I am delighted. 12. And at once the spirit drove Him into the wilderness. 23. And there was in their synagogue a man who had a vile spirit in him and he cried out. 24. And he said, to us what? and to You Yeshua Nazarene, have you come to destroy us? I know Who You are. You are the Holy One of God 25. And Yeshua rebuked and said to him shut your mouth and come out from him. 26. And threw him down and he cried out and the foul spirit in a loud voice came out of him 27.

Genesis 9 9:4 But you must not eat meat with its life (that is, its blood) in it. 9:5 For your lifeblood I will surely exact punishment, from every living creature I will exact punishment. From each person I will exact punishment for the life of the individual since the man was his relative. 9:6 “Whoever sheds human blood, by other humans must his blood be shed; for in God’s image God has made humankind.” Leviticus 17 17:10 “‘Any man 23 from the house of Israel or from the foreigners who reside in their 25 midst who eats any blood, I will set my face against that person who eats the blood, and I will cut him off from the midst of his people, 17:11 for the life of every living thing is in the blood. 28 So I myself have assigned it to you on the altar to make atonement for your lives, for the blood makes atonement by means of the life. 30 17:12 Therefore, I have said to the Israelites: No person among you is to eat blood, 31 and no resident foreigner who lives among you is to eat blood. 32 17:13 “‘Any man from the Israelites 33 or from the foreigners who reside 34 in their 35 midst who hunts a wild animal 36 or a bird that may be eaten 37 must pour out its blood and cover it with soil, 17:14 for the life of all flesh is its blood. 38 So I have said to the Israelites: You must not eat the blood of any living thing 39 because the life of every living thing is its blood – all who eat it will be cut off. Numbers 35 35:33 “You must not pollute the land where you live, for blood defiles the land, and the land cannot be cleansed of the blood that is shed there, except by the blood of the person who shed it. DEUTERONOMY 12 12:23 However, by no means eat the blood, for the blood is life itself 34 – you must not eat the life with the meat! EZEKIEL 16 16:9 “‘Then I bathed you in water, washed the blood off you, and anointed you with fragrant oil. Ezekiel 22 22:23 The word of the Lord came to me: 22:24 “Son of man, say to her: ‘You are a land that receives no rain 32 or showers in the day of my anger.’ 33 22:25 Her princes 34 within her are like a roaring lion tearing its prey; they have devoured lives. They take away riches and valuable things; they have made many women widows 35 within it. 22:26 Her priests abuse my law and have desecrated my holy things. They do not distinguish between the holy and the profane, 36 or recognize any distinction between the unclean and the clean. They ignore 37 my Sabbaths and I am profaned in their midst. 22:27 Her officials are like wolves in her midst rending their prey – shedding blood and destroying lives – so they can get dishonest profit. John 6 6:52 Then the Jews who were hostile to Jesus 79 began to argue with one another, 80 “How can this man 81 give us his flesh to eat?” 6:53 Jesus said to them, “I tell you the solemn truth, 82 unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, 83 you have no life 84 in yourselves. 6:54 The one who eats 85 my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day. 86 6:55 For my flesh is true 87 food, and my blood is true 88 drink. 6:56 The one who eats 89 my flesh and drinks my blood resides in me, and I in him. 90 6:57 Just as the living Father sent me, and I live because of the Father, so the one who consumes 91 me will live because of me. 6:58 This 92 is the bread that came down from heaven; it is not like the bread your ancestors 93 ate, but then later died. 94 The one who eats 95 this bread will live forever.” 1 Corinthians 15 15:50 Now this is what I am saying, brothers and sisters: 28 Flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God, nor does the perishable inherit the imperishable. 15:51 Listen, 29 I will tell you a mystery: We will not all sleep, 30 but we will all be changed – 15:52 in a moment, in the blinking 31 of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised imperishable, and we will be changed. 15:53 For this perishable body must put on the imperishable, and this mortal body must put on immortality. 15:54 Now when this perishable puts on the imperishable, and this mortal puts on immortality, then the saying that is written will happen Hebrews 9 9:18 So even the first covenant was inaugurated with blood. 23 9:19 For when Moses had spoken every command to all the people according to the law, he took the blood of calves and goats with water and scarlet wool and hyssop and sprinkled both the book itself and all the people, 9:20 and said, “This is the blood of the covenant that God has commanded you to keep.” 24 9:21 And both the tabernacle and all the utensils of worship he likewise sprinkled with blood. 9:22 Indeed according to the law almost everything was purified with blood, and without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness. 9:23 So it was necessary for the sketches 25 of the things in heaven to be purified with these sacrifices, 26 but the heavenly things themselves required 27 better sacrifices than these. 9:24 For Christ did not enter a sanctuary made with hands – the representation 28 of the true sanctuary 29 – but into heaven itself, and he appears now in God’s presence for us. 9:25 And he did not enter to offer 30 himself again and again, the way the high priest enters the sanctuary year after year with blood that is not his own, 9:26 for then he would have had to suffer again and again since the foundation of the world. But now he has appeared once for all at the consummation of the ages to put away sin by his sacrifice. 9:27 And just as people 31 are appointed to die once, and then to face judgment, 32 9:28 so also, after Christ was offered once to bear the sins of many, 33 to those who eagerly await him he will appear a second time, not to bear sin 34 but to bring salvation. 35 Concluding Exposition: Old and New Sacrifices Contrasted 10:1 For the law possesses a shadow of the good things to come but not the reality itself, and is therefore completely unable, by the same sacrifices offered continually, year after year, to perfect those who come to worship. 1 10:2 For otherwise would they not have ceased to be offered, since the worshipers would have been purified once for all and so have 2 no further consciousness of sin? 10:3 But in those sacrifices 3 there is a reminder of sins year after year. 10:4 For the blood of bulls and goats cannot take away sins. 4 10:5 So when he came into the world, he said, “Sacrifice and offering you did not desire, but a body you prepared for me. 10:6 “Whole burnt offerings and sin-offerings you took no delight in. 10:7 “Then I said, ‘Here I am: 5 I have come – it is written of me in the scroll of the book – to do your will, O God.’” 6 10:8 When he says above, “Sacrifices and offerings and whole burnt offerings and sin-offeringsyou did not desire nor did you take delight in them” 7 (which are offered according to the law), 10:9 then he says, “Here I am: I have come to do your will.” 8 He does away with 9 the first to establish the second. 10:10 By his will 10 we have been made holy through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all. 10:11 And every priest stands day after day 11 serving and offering the same sacrifices again and again – sacrifices that can never take away sins. 10:12 But when this priest 12 had offered one sacrifice for sins for all time, he sat down at the right hand 13 of God, 10:13 where he is now waiting 14 until his enemies are made a footstool for his feet. 15 10:14 For by one offering he has perfected for all time those who are made holy. 10:15 And the Holy Spirit also witnesses to us, for after saying, 16 10:16 “This is the covenant that I will establish with them after those days, says the Lord. I will put 17 my laws on their hearts and I will inscribe them on their minds,” 18 10:17 then he says, 19 “Their sins and their lawless deeds I will remember no longer.” 20 10:18 Now where there is forgiveness of these, there is no longer any offering for sin. Hebrews 10 10:19 Therefore, brothers and sisters, 21 since we have confidence to enter the sanctuary by the blood of Jesus, 10:20 by the fresh and living way that he inaugurated for us 22 through the curtain, that is, through his flesh, 23 10:21 and since we have a great priest 24 over the house of God, 10:22 let us draw near with a sincere heart in the assurance that faith brings, 25 because we have had our hearts sprinkled clean from an evil conscience 26 and our bodies washed in pure water. 10:23 And let us hold unwaveringly to the hope that we confess, for the one who made the promise is trustworthy. 10:24 And let us take thought of how to spur one another on to love and good works, 27 10:25 not abandoning our own meetings, as some are in the habit of doing, but encouraging each other, and even more so because you see the day 28 drawing near. 29 10:26 For if we deliberately keep on sinning after receiving the knowledge of the truth, no further sacrifice for sins is left for us, 30 10:27 but only a certain fearful expectation of judgment and a fury 31 of fire that will consume God’s enemies. 32 10:28 Someone who rejected the law of Moses was put to death 33 without mercy on the testimony of two or three witnesses. 34 10:29 How much greater punishment do you think that person deserves who has contempt for 35 the Son of God, and profanes 36 the blood of the covenant that made him holy, 37 and insults the Spirit of grace? 10:30 For we know the one who said, “Vengeance is mine, I will repay,” 38 and again, “The Lord will judge his people.” 39 10:31 It is a terrifying thing to fall into the hands of the living God. EPHESIANS 2 2:11 Therefore remember that formerly you, the Gentiles in the flesh – who are called “uncircumcision” by the so-called “circumcision” that is performed on the body 24 by human hands – 2:12 that you were at that time without the Messiah, 25 alienated from the citizenship of Israel and strangers to the covenants of promise, 26 having no hope and without God in the world. 2:13 But now in Christ Jesus you who used to be far away have been brought near by the blood of Christ. 27 2:14 For he is our peace, the one who made both groups into one 28 and who destroyed the middle wall of partition, the hostility, 2:15 when he nullified 29 in his flesh the law of commandments in decrees. He did this to create in himself one new man 30 out of two, 31 thus making peace, 2:16 and to reconcile them both in one body to God through the cross, by which the hostility has been killed. 32 2:17 And he came and preached peace to you who were far off and peace to those who were near, 2:18 so that 33 through him we both have access in one Spirit to the Father. 2:19 So then you are no longer foreigners and noncitizens, but you are fellow citizens with the saints and members of God’s household, 2:20 because you have been built 34 on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, 35 with Christ Jesus himself as 36 the cornerstone. 37 2:21 In him 38 the whole building, 39 being joined together, grows into a holy temple in the Lord, 2:22 in whom you also are being built together into a dwelling place of God in the Spirit. Paul's Relationship to the Divine Mystery 3:1 For this reason I, Paul, the prisoner of Christ Jesus 1 for the sake of you Gentiles – 3:2 if indeed 2 you have heard of the stewardship 3 of God’s grace that was given to me for you, 3:3 that 4 by revelation the divine secret 5 was made known to me, as I wrote before briefly. 6 3:4 When reading this, 7 you will be able to 8 understand my insight into this secret 9 of Christ. 3:5 Now this secret 10 was not disclosed to people 11 in former 12 generations as it has now been revealed to his holy apostles and prophets by 13 the Spirit, 3:6 namely, that through the gospel 14 the Gentiles are fellow heirs, fellow members 15 of the body, and fellow partakers of the promise in Christ Jesus. The Holy Spirit of Glory teaches those the community that follows God's covenant with Moses that the blood of a living creature is life that we must not drink or face punishment. But, humble clean living human spirits may be use the blood of a living creature an offering to God for the atonement a sins that members of the community of Moses have committed. The Holy Spirit teaches that the blood of a living human spirit is life that we must not take or drink of face punishment. The Holy Spirit of Glory teaches the community that follows God's covenant with Jesus, that humble living human spirits are offered to drink His Glorified blood for the atonement and resurrection of all that believe in him.

The 189th Article Why this passion excites weeping. Now, a man weeps easily in this passion because love, sending much blood to the heart, causes many vapors to issue through the eyes; and the coldness of sadness retarding the agitation of these vapors converts them into tears, as has been formerly said. The 190th Article Of satisfaction of oneself. The satisfaction that they have, who constantly follow the paths of virtue, is a habit in their soul called tranquility or quiet of conscience. But that which a man acquires anew when he has lately done any action that he thinks good, is a passion, to wit, a sort of joy which I believe is the softest of all, because the cause thereof depends only on ourselves. Yet when this cause is not just, that is, when the actions from whence we deduct this satisfaction are not of consequence, or else are vicious, it is ridiculous and serves only to produce a pride and impertinent arrogance, which may particularly be observed in those who believing themselves to be devout are only hypocritical and superstitious, that is, who under pretense of frequenting the church, saying many prayers, wearing short hair, fasting, giving alms, suppose they are exquisitely perfect, and imagine they are God's so intimate friends that they can do nothing that can displease him; and whatsoever their passions dictate to them is a good zeal (devotion): although it sometime dictate to them the greatest crimes that can be committed by men, as betraying of cities murdering of princes, exterminating whole nations merely for this, that they are not of their opinion. The 191st Article Of repentance. Repentance is directly contrary to satisfaction of oneself. And it is a sort of sadness proceeding from a belief that a man has done some evil action, and it is very bitter because the cause comes only from ourselves. Yet nevertheless, this hinders it not from being very useful, when it is true, that the action we repent of is evil, and that we have a certain knowledge thereof, because it incites us to do better another time. But it oft-times comes to pass that weak spirits repent the things they have done, not knowing certainly that they are evil. They persuade themselves so, only because they fear it is so, and had they done the contrary, they had repented too--which is an imperfection in them to be pitied. And the remedies against this defect are the same that serve to take away irresolution. PROVERBS 8 8:20 I walk in the path of righteousness, in the pathway of justice, 8:21 that I may cause those who love me to inherit wealth, and that I may fill their treasuries. 8:22 The Lord created me as the beginning of his works, before his deeds of long ago. 8:23 From eternity I was appointed, from the beginning, from before the world existed. 8:24 When there were no deep oceans I was born, when there were no springs overflowing with water; 8:25 before the mountains were set in place – before the hills – I was born, 8:26 before he made the earth and its fields, or the beginning of the dust of the world. 8:27 When he established the heavens, I was there; when he marked out the horizon over the face of the deep, 8:28 when he established the clouds above, when the fountains of the deep grew strong, 8:29 when he gave the sea his decree that the waters should not pass over his command, when he marked out the foundations of the earth, 8:30 then I was beside him as a master craftsman, and I was his delight day by day, rejoicing before him at all times, 8:31 rejoicing in the habitable part of his earth, and delighting in its people. John 1 1:1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was fully God. 1:2 The Word was with God in the beginning. 1:3 All things were created by him, and apart from him not one thing was created that has been created. 1:4 In him was life, and the life was the light of mankind. 1:5 And the light shines on in the darkness, but the darkness has not mastered it. 1 CHRONICLES 28 28:9 “And you, Solomon my son, obey the God of your father and serve him with a submissive attitude and a willing spirit, 12 for the Lord examines all minds and understands every motive of one’s thoughts. If you seek him, he will let you find him, 13 but if you abandon him, he will reject you permanently. Proverbs 8 8:32 “So now, children, listen to me; blessed are those who keep my ways. Luke 11 11:27 a woman in the crowd spoke out to him [Jesus], “Blessed is the womb that bore you and the breasts at which you nursed!” 11:28 But he replied, “Blessed rather are those who hear the word of God and obey it!” John 14 14:21 The person who has my commandments and obeys them is the one who loves me. The one who loves me will be loved by my Father, and I will love him and will reveal myself to him.” 8:33 Listen to my instruction so that you may be wise, and do not neglect it. John 14 14:25 “I have spoken these things while staying with you. 14:26 But the Advocate, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, will teach you everything, and will cause you to remember everything I said to you. 1 Peter 4 4:12 Dear friends, do not be astonished that a trial by fire is occurring among you, as though something strange were happening to you. 4:13 But rejoice in the degree that you have shared in the sufferings of Christ, so that when his glory is revealed you may also rejoice and be glad. 4:14 If you are insulted for the name of Christ, you are blessed, because the Spirit of glory, who is the Spirit of God, rests on you. Job 32 32:7 I said to myself, ‘Age should speak, and length of years should make wisdom known.’ 32:8 But it is a spirit in people, the breath of the Almighty, that makes them understand. Job 28 28:20 “But wisdom – where does it come from? Where is the place of understanding? 28:21 For it has been hidden from the eyes of every living creature, and from the birds of the sky it has been concealed. 28:22 Destruction and Death say, ‘With our ears we have heard a rumor about where it can be found.’ 28:23 God understands the way to it, and he alone knows its place. 28:24 For he looks to the ends of the earth and observes everything under the heavens. 28:25 When he made the force of the wind and measured the waters with a gauge. 28:26 When he imposed a limit for the rain, and a path for the thunderstorm, 28:27 then he looked at wisdom and assessed its value; he established it and examined it closely. 28:28 And he said to mankind, ‘The fear of the Lord – that is wisdom, and to turn away from evil is understanding.’ Proverbs 8 8:34 Blessed is the one who listens to me, watching at my doors day by day, waiting beside my doorway. 8:35 For the one who finds me finds life and receives favor from the Lord. 8:36 But the one who does not find me brings harm to himself; all who hate me love death.” Isaiah 11 11:2 The Lord’s spirit will rest on him – a spirit that gives extraordinary wisdom, a spirit that provides the ability to execute plans, a spirit that produces absolute loyalty to the Lord. 11:3 He will take delight in obeying the Lord. He will not judge by mere appearances, or make decisions on the basis of hearsay. 11:4 He will treat the poor fairly, and make right decisions for the downtrodden of the earth. He will strike the earth with the rod of his mouth, and order the wicked to be executed. 11:5 Justice will be like a belt around his waist, integrity will be like a belt around his hips. Matthew 3 3:11 “I baptize you with water, for repentance, but the one coming after me is more powerful than I am – I am not worthy to carry his sandals. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and fire. MARK 1 1:9 Now in those days Jesus came from Nazareth in Galilee and was baptized by John in the Jordan River. 1:10 And just as Jesus was coming up out of the water, he saw the heavens splitting apart and the Spirit descending on him like a dove. 1:11 And a voice came from heaven: “You are my one dear Son; in you I take great delight.” 1:12 The Spirit immediately drove him into the wilderness. 1 CORINTHIANS 12 12:1 With regard to spiritual gifts, brothers and sisters, I do not want you to be uninformed. 12:2 You know that when you were pagans you were often led astray by speechless idols, however you were led. 12:3 So I want you to understand that no one speaking by the Spirit of God says, “Jesus is cursed,” and no one can say, “Jesus is Lord,” except by the Holy Spirit. 12:4 Now there are different gifts, but the same Spirit. 12:5 And there are different ministries, but the same Lord. 12:6 And there are different results, but the same God who produces all of them in everyone. 12:7 To each person the manifestation of the Spirit is given for the benefit of all. 12:8 For one person is given through the Spirit the message of wisdom, and another the message of knowledge according to the same Spirit, 12:9 to another faith by the same Spirit, and to another gifts of healing by the one Spirit, 12:10 to another performance of miracles, to another prophecy, and to another discernment of spirits, to another different kinds of tongues, and to another the interpretation of tongues. 12:11 It is one and the same Spirit, distributing as he decides to each person, who produces all these things. 12:12 For just as the body is one and yet has many members, and all the members of the body – though many – are one body, so too is Christ. 12:13 For in one Spirit we were all baptized into one body. Whether Jews or Greeks or slaves 4 or free, we were all made to drink of the one Spirit. John 14 14:24 The person who does not love me does not obey my words. And the word you hear is not mine, but the Father’s who sent me. Exodus 3 3:13 Moses said to God, “If I go to the Israelites and tell them, ‘The God of your fathers has sent me to you,’ and they ask me, ‘What is his name?’ – what should I say to them?” 3:14 God said to Moses, “I am that I am.” And he said, “You must say this to the Israelites, ‘I am has sent me to you.’” 3:15 God also said to Moses, “You must say this to the Israelites, ‘The Lord – the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob – has sent me to you. This is my name forever, and this is my memorial from generation to generation.’ 1 KINGS 19 19:11 The Lord said, “Go out and stand on the mountain before the Lord. Look, the Lord is ready to pass by.” A very powerful wind went before the Lord, digging into the mountain and causing landslides, but the Lord was not in the wind. After the windstorm there was an earthquake, but the Lord was not in the earthquake. 19:12 After the earthquake, there was a fire, but the Lord was not in the fire. After the fire, there was a soft whisper. 19:13 When Elijah heard it, he covered his face with his robe and went out and stood at the entrance to the cave. All of a sudden a voice asked him, “Why are you here, Elijah?” MARK 11 11:20 In the morning as they passed by, they saw the fig tree withered from the roots. 11:21 Peter remembered and said to him, “Rabbi, look! The fig tree you cursed has withered.” 11:22 Jesus said to them, “Have faith in God. 11:23 I tell you the truth, if someone says to this mountain, ‘Be lifted up and thrown into the sea,’ and does not doubt in his heart but believes that what he says will happen, it will be done for him. 11:24 For this reason I tell you, whatever you pray and ask for, believe that you have received it, and it will be yours. 11:25 Whenever you stand praying, if you have anything against anyone, forgive him, so that your Father in heaven will also forgive you your sins.” 1 JOHN 5 This is the conquering power that has conquered the world: our faith. 5:5 Now who is the person who has conquered the world except the one who believes that Jesus is the Son of God? 5:6 Jesus Christ is the one who came by water and blood – not by the water only, but by the water and the blood. And the Spirit is the one who testifies, because the Spirit is the truth. 5:7 For there are three that testify, 5:8 the Spirit and the water and the blood, and these three are in agreement. Genesis 1 1:2 Now the earth was without shape and empty, and darkness was over the surface of the watery deep, but the Spirit of God was moving over the surface of the water. Isaiah 44 44:1 “Now, listen, Jacob my servant, Israel whom I have chosen!” 44:2 This is what the Lord, the one who made you, says – the one who formed you in the womb and helps you: “Don’t be afraid, my servant Jacob, Jeshurun, 1 whom I have chosen! 44:3 For I will pour water on the parched ground and cause streams to flow on the dry land. I will pour my spirit on your offspring and my blessing on your children. 44:4 They will sprout up like a tree in the grass, like poplars beside channels of water. 44:5 One will say, ‘I belong to the Lord,’ and another will use the name ‘Jacob.’ One will write on his hand, ‘The Lord’s,’ and use the name ‘Israel.’” Isaiah 58 58:11 The Lord will continually lead you; he will feed you even in parched regions. He will give you renewed strength, and you will be like a well-watered garden, like a spring that continually produces water. JUDGES 15 15:18 He [Sampson] was very thirsty, so he cried out to the Lord and said, “You have given your servant this great victory. But now must I die of thirst and fall into hands of the Philistines?” 15:19 So God split open the basin at Lehi and water flowed out from it. When he took a drink, his strength was restored and he revived. For this reason he named the spring En Hakkore. It remains in Lehi to this very day. Psalms 105 105:26 He [God] sent his servant Moses, and Aaron, whom he had chosen. 105:27 They executed his miraculous signs among them, and his amazing deeds in the land of Ham. 105:28 He made it dark; they did not disobey his orders. 105:29 He turned their water into blood, and killed their fish. Psalms 107 107:33 He turned streams into a desert, springs of water into arid land, 107:34 and a fruitful land into a barren place, because of the sin of its inhabitants. 107:35 As for his people, he turned a desert into a pool of water, and a dry land into springs of water. 1 Kings 22 22:20 The Lord said, ‘Who will deceive Ahab, so he will attack Ramoth Gilead and die 20 there?’ One said this and another that. 22:21 Then a spirit 21 stepped forward and stood before the Lord. He said, ‘I will deceive him.’ The Lord asked him, ‘How?’ 22:22 He replied, ‘I will go out and be a lying spirit in the mouths of all his prophets.’ The Lord 22 said, ‘Deceive and overpower him. 23 Go out and do as you have proposed.’ 22:23 So now, look, the Lord has placed a lying spirit in the mouths of all these prophets of yours; but the Lord has decreed disaster for you.” 22:24 Zedekiah son of Kenaanah approached, hit Micaiah on the jaw, and said, “Which way did the Lord’s spirit go when he went from me to speak to you?” 1 Samuel 16 16:14 Now the Spirit of the Lord had turned away from Saul, and an evil spirit from the Lord tormented him. Isaiah 19 19:3 The Egyptians will panic, and I will confuse their strategy. They will seek guidance from the idols and from the spirits of the dead, from the pits used to conjure up underworld spirits, and from the magicians. Mark 1 1:23 Just then there was a man in their synagogue with an unclean spirit, 46 and he cried out, 47 1:24 “Leave us alone, 48 Jesus the Nazarene! Have you come to destroy us? I know who you are – the Holy One 49 of God!” 1:25 But 50 Jesus rebuked him: 51 “Silence! Come out of him!” 52 1:26 After throwing him into convulsions, the unclean spirit cried out with a loud voice and came out of him. 1:27 They were all amazed so that they asked each other, “What is this? A new teaching with authority! He even commands the unclean spirits and they obey him.” 1:28 So 53 the news about him spread quickly throughout all the region around Galilee. John 4 4:13 Jesus replied, 33 “Everyone who drinks some of this water will be thirsty 34 again. 4:14 But whoever drinks some of the water that I will give him will never be thirsty again, 35 but the water that I will give him will become in him a fountain 36 of water springing up 37 to eternal life.” 1 CORINTHIANS 11 11:23 For I received from the Lord what I also passed on to you, that the Lord Jesus on the night in which he was betrayed took bread, 11:24 and after he had given thanks he broke it and said, “This is my body, which is for you. Do this in remembrance of me.” 11:25 In the same way, he also took the cup after supper, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in my blood. Do this, every time you drink it, in remembrance of me.” 11:26 For every time you eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaim the Lord’s death until he comes. 11:27 For this reason, whoever eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord in an unworthy manner will be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord. 11:28 A person should examine himself first, 8 and in this way 9 let him eat the bread and drink of the cup. 11:29 For the one who eats and drinks without careful regard 10 for the body eats and drinks judgment against himself. 11:30 That is why many of you are weak and sick, and quite a few are dead. 11 11:31 But if we examined ourselves, we would not be judged. 11:32 But when we are judged by the Lord, we are disciplined so that we may not be condemned with the world. 11:33 So then, my brothers and sisters, 12 when you come together to eat, wait for one another. 11:34 If anyone is hungry, let him eat at home, so that when you assemble it does not lead to judgment. I will give directions about other matters when I come. 1 John 4 4:1 Dear friends, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits to determine if they are from God, because many false prophets have gone out into the world. 4:2 By this you know the Spirit of God: Every spirit that confesses Jesus as the Christ who has come in the flesh is from God, 4:3 but every spirit that does not confess Jesus is not from God, and this is the spirit of the antichrist, which you have heard is coming, and now is already in the world. 4:4 You are from God, little children, and have conquered them, because the one who is in you is greater than the one who is in the world. 4:5 They are from the world; therefore they speak from the world’s perspective and the world listens to them. 4:6 We are from God; the person who knows God listens to us, but whoever is not from God does not listen to us. By this we know the Spirit of truth and the spirit of deceit. Note. Water is used to purify those repenting sin against God. strength was restored and he revived wash his clothes and bathe In nature water moves throughout our planet to bring forth and restore life. Water is used by man to drink, bathe, and wash clothes. The Holy Spirit of Glory is a force of God's will that moves everywhere through nature purifying and restoring life. The communities of Moses and Jesus testify that the Spirit of Glory can empower and bestow gifts of wisdom, knowledge, healing, miracles, prophecy, discernment to loyal humble human spirits to testify the truth about God and lead followers according to His will. Through prayer the communities of Moses and Jesus testify that humble living human spirits may ask God's Spirit to bless them with with clean water to purify repenting members from unclean sin. The Lord's Spirit can manipulate nature to pollute and eradicate life from prideful living human spirits that reject God they know to be true and rebel against His will. The Holy Spirit can also empower an evil unclean dead human spirit to move through nature to torment, give false guidance that brings destructive folly, disease and death to rejected prideful living humans spirits that betray or harm members of the Lord's community. Psalms 114 114:7 Tremble, O earth, before the Lord – before the God of Jacob, 114:8 who turned a rock into a pool of water, a hard rock into springs of water! Numbers 19 19:7 ...the priest must wash his clothes and bathe himself in water, and afterward he may come into the camp, but the priest will be ceremonially unclean until evening. 19:8 The one who burns it must wash his clothes in water and bathe himself in water. He will be ceremonially unclean until evening. 19:9 “‘Then a man who is ceremonially clean must gather up the ashes of the red heifer and put them in a ceremonially clean place outside the camp. They must be kept for the community of the Israelites for use in the water of purification – it is a purification for sin. Numbers 27 27:15 Then Moses spoke to the Lord: 27:16 “Let the Lord, the God of the spirits of all humankind, appoint a man over the community, 27:17 who will go out before them, and who will come in before them, and who will lead them out, and who will bring them in, so that the community of the Lord may not be like sheep that have no shepherd.” Psalms 51 51:10 Create for me a pure heart, O God! Renew a resolute spirit within me! 51:11 Do not reject me! Do not take your Holy Spirit away from me! 51:12 Let me again experience the joy of your deliverance! Sustain me by giving me the desire to obey! 51:13 Then I will teach rebels your merciful ways, and sinners will turn to you. 51:14 Rescue me from the guilt of murder, O God, the God who delivers me! Then my tongue will shout for joy because of your deliverance. 51:15 O Lord, give me the words! Then my mouth will praise you. 51:16 Certainly you do not want a sacrifice, or else I would offer it; you do not desire a burnt sacrifice. 51:17 The sacrifices God desires are a humble spirit – O God, a humble and repentant heart you will not reject. Job 14 14:13 “O that 33 you would hide me in Sheol, 34 and conceal me till your anger has passed! 35 O that you would set me a time 36 and then remember me! 37 14:14 If a man dies, will he live again? 38 All the days of my hard service 39 I will wait 40 until my release comes. 41 14:15 You will call 42 and I 43 – I will answer you; you will long for 44 the creature you have made. John 14 14:15 “If you love me, you will obey 34 my commandments. 14:16 Then 36 I will ask the Father, and he will give you another Advocate to be with you forever – 14:17 the Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot accept, 38 because it does not see him or know him. But you know him, because he resides with you and will be in you. 1 CORINTHIANS 1 1:4 I always thank my God for you because of the grace of God that was given to you in Christ Jesus. 1:5 For you were made rich 6 in every way in him, in all your speech and in every kind of knowledge 7 – 1:6 just as the testimony about Christ has been confirmed among you – 1:7 so that you do not lack any spiritual gift as you wait for the revelation 8 of our Lord Jesus Christ. 1:8 He 9 will also strengthen you to the end, so that you will be blameless on the day of our Lord Jesus Christ. 1:9 God is faithful, by whom you were called into fellowship with his son, Jesus Christ our Lord. GALATIANS 3 3:23 Now before faith 51 came we were held in custody under the law, being kept as prisoners 52 until the coming faith would be revealed. 3:24 Thus the law had become our guardian 53 until Christ, so that we could be declared righteous 54 by faith. 3:25 But now that faith has come, we are no longer under a guardian. 55 3:26 For in Christ Jesus you are all sons of God through faith. 56 3:27 For all of you who 57 were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ. 3:28 There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave 58 nor free, there is neither male nor female 59 – for all of you are one in Christ Jesus. 3:29 And if you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham’s descendants, 60 heirs according to the promise.

The 186th Article Who are most pitiful. Those who feel themselves very weak and subject to the adversities of fortune seem to be more inclined to this passion than any else, because they fancy the evil of another as possible to befall them, and so they are moved to pity rather out of the love they bear themselves than that they bear to others. The 187th Article How the most generous men are sensible of this passion. But nevertheless, they who are most generous and have the greatest spirits so that they fear not any evil to themselves, and hold themselves above the power of fortune, are not exempted from compassion when they see the infirmity of other men and hear their complaints. For it is a part of generosity to bear goodwill to every man. But the sadness of this pity is not bitter, and like that which tragic actions personated (pretended) on the stage cause, is more in the exteriors and the senses, than the interiors of the soul, which in the meanwhile is satisfied to think she has done her duty, in that she has a fellow feeling with the afflicted. And there is this difference in it, that whereas the vulgar pity those who complain because they think the ills they suffer are very grievous (serious), the principal object of great men's pity is the weakness of those that they see complain; because they esteem not any accident that may befall to be so great an evil, as is the baseness of those who cannot suffer constantly; and though they hate the vices (wickedness), yet they hate not those they see subject to them, they only pity them. The 188th Article Who those are that are not sensible of it. But there are none but malignant and envious spirits who naturally hate all men, or else those who are so belluine (brutal) and blinded by good fortune, or desperate through ill, that they think no further evil can befall them who are insensible of pity. EZEKIEL 16 16:1 The word of the Lord came to me: 16:2 “Son of man, confront Jerusalem with her abominable practices 16:3 and say, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says to Jerusalem: Your origin and your birth were in the land of the Canaanites; your father was an Amorite and your mother a Hittite. 16:4 As for your birth, on the day you were born your umbilical cord was not cut, nor were you washed in water; you were certainly not rubbed down with salt, nor wrapped with blankets. 16:5 No eye took pity on you to do even one of these things for you to spare you; you were thrown out into the open field because you were detested on the day you were born. 16:6 “‘I passed by you and saw you kicking around helplessly in your blood. I said to you as you lay there in your blood, “Live!” I said to you as you lay there in your blood, “Live!” 16:7 I made you plentiful like sprouts in a field; you grew tall and came of age so that you could wear jewelry. Your breasts had formed and your hair had grown, but you were still unclothed and bare. 16:8 “‘Then I passed by you and watched you, noticing that you had reached the age for love. I spread my cloak over you and covered your nakedness. I swore a solemn oath to you and entered into a marriage covenant with you, declares the sovereign Lord, and you became mine. 16:9 “‘Then I bathed you in water, washed the blood off you, and anointed you with fragrant oil. 16:10 I dressed you in embroidered clothing and put fine leather sandals on your feet. I wrapped you with fine linen and covered you with silk. 16:11 I adorned you with jewelry. I put bracelets on your hands and a necklace around your neck. 16:12 I put a ring in your nose, earrings on your ears, and a beautiful crown on your head. 16:13 You were adorned with gold and silver, while your clothing was of fine linen, silk, and embroidery. You ate the finest flour, honey, and olive oil. You became extremely beautiful and attained the position of royalty. 16:14 Your fame spread among the nations because of your beauty; your beauty was perfect because of the splendor which I bestowed on you, declares the sovereign Lord. 16:15 “‘But you trusted in your beauty and capitalized on your fame by becoming a prostitute. You offered your sexual favors to every man who passed by so that your beauty became his. 16:16 You took some of your clothing and made for yourself decorated high places; you engaged in prostitution on them. You went to him to become his. 13 16:17 You also took your beautiful jewelry, made of my gold and my silver I had given to you, and made for yourself male images and engaged in prostitution with them. 16:18 You took your embroidered clothing and used it to cover them; you offered my olive oil and my incense to them. 16:19 As for my food that I gave you – the fine flour, olive oil, and honey I fed you – you placed it before them as a soothing aroma. That is exactly what happened, declares the sovereign Lord. 16:20 “‘You took your sons and your daughters whom you bore to me and you sacrificed them as food for the idols to eat. As if your prostitution not enough, 16:21 you slaughtered my children and sacrificed them to the idols. 16:22 And with all your abominable practices and prostitution you did not remember the days of your youth when you were unclothed and bare, kicking around in your blood. JOHN 14 14:23 ...“If anyone loves me, he will obey my word, and my Father will love him, and we will come to him and take up residence with him. 14:24 The person who does not love me does not obey my words. And the word you hear is not mine, but the Father’s who sent me. 14:25 “I have spoken these things while staying with you. 14:26 But the Advocate, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, will teach you everything, and will cause you to remember everything I said to you. JOHN 16 16:5 But now I am going to the one who sent me, and not one of you is asking me, ‘Where are you going?’ 16:6 Instead your hearts are filled with sadness because I have said these things to you. 16:7 But I tell you the truth, it is to your advantage that I am going away. For if I do not go away, the Advocate will not come to you, but if I go, I will send him to you. 16:8 And when he comes, he will prove the world wrong concerning sin and righteousness and judgment – 16:9 concerning sin, because they do not believe in me; 16:10 concerning righteousness, because I am going to the Father and you will see me no longer; 16:11 and concerning judgment, because the ruler of this world has been condemned. HEBREWS 7 7:22 accordingly Jesus has become the guarantee of a better covenant. 7:23 And the others who became priests were numerous, because death prevented them from continuing in office, 7:24 but he holds his priesthood permanently since he lives forever. 7:25 So he is able to save completely those who come to God through him, because he always lives to intercede for them. 7:26 For it is indeed fitting for us to have such a high priest: holy, innocent, undefiled, separate from sinners, and exalted above the heavens. 7:27 He has no need to do every day what those priests do, to offer sacrifices first for their own sins and then for the sins of the people, since he did this in offering himself once for all. 7:28 For the law appoints as high priests men subject to weakness, but the word of solemn affirmation that came after the law appoints a son made perfect forever. GALATIANS 3 3:23 Now before faith came we were held in custody under the law, being kept as prisoners until the coming faith would be revealed. 3:24 Thus the law had become our guardian until Christ, so that we could be declared righteous by faith. 3:25 But now that faith has come, we are no longer under a guardian. 3:26 For in Christ Jesus you are all sons of God through faith. 3:27 For all of you who were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ. 3:28 There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male nor female – for all of you are one in Christ Jesus. 3:29 And if you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham’s descendants, heirs according to the promise. 4:1 Now I mean that the heir, as long as he is a minor, is no different from a slave, though he is the owner of everything. 4:2 But he is under guardians and managers until the date set by his father. 4:3 So also we, when we were minors, were enslaved under the basic forces of the world. 4:4 But when the appropriate time had come, God sent out his Son, born of a woman, born under the law, 4:5 to redeem those who were under the law, so that we may be adopted as sons with full rights. 8 4:6 And because you are sons, God sent the Spirit of His Son into our hearts, who calls “Abba! Father!” 4:7 So you are no longer a slave but a son, and if you are a son, then you are also an heir through God. 4:8 Formerly when you did not know God, you were enslaved to beings that by nature are not gods at all. 4:9 But now that you have come to know God (or rather to be known by God), how can you turn back again to the weak and worthless basic forces? Do you want to be enslaved to them all over again? EPHESIANS 6 6:10 Finally, be strengthened in the Lord and in the strength of his power. 6:11 Clothe yourselves with the full armor of God so that you may be able to stand against the schemes of the devil. 6:12 For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the powers, against the world rulers of this darkness, against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavens. 26 6:13 For this reason, take up the full armor of God so that you may be able to stand your ground on the evil day, and having done everything, to stand. 6:14 Stand firm therefore, by fastening the belt of truth around your waist, by putting on the breastplate of righteousness, 6:15 by fitting your feet with the preparation that comes from the good news of peace, 6:16 and in all of this, by taking up the shield of faith with which you can extinguish all the flaming arrows of the evil one. 6:17 And take the helmet of salvation and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God. 6:18 With every prayer and petition, pray at all times in the Spirit, and to this end be alert, with all perseverance and requests for all the saints. Is stoicheia tou kosmou (“the elemental things of the world”) the worthless basic forces Paul is referencing? Event, occurrence, state, the force that came COLOSSIANS 2 2:6 Therefore, just as you received Christ Jesus as Lord, continue to live your lives in him, 2:7 rooted and built up in him and firm in your faith just as you were taught, and overflowing with thankfulness. 2:8 Be careful not to allow anyone to captivate you through an empty, deceitful philosophy that is according to human traditions and the elemental spirits of the world, and not according to Christ. 2:9 For in him all the fullness of deity lives in bodily form, 2:10 and you have been filled in him, who is the head over every ruler and authority. 2:11 In him you also were circumcised – not, however, with a circumcision performed by human hands, but by the removal of the fleshly body, that is, through the circumcision done by Christ. 2:12 Having been buried with him in baptism, you also have been raised with him through your faith in the power of God who raised him from the dead. 2:13 And even though you were dead in your transgressions and in the uncircumcision of your flesh, he nevertheless made you alive with him, having forgiven all your transgressions. 2:14 He has destroyed what was against us, a certificate of indebtedness expressed in decrees opposed to us. He has taken it away by nailing it to the cross. 2:15 Disarming the rulers and authorities, he has made a public disgrace of them, triumphing over them by the cross. 2:16 Therefore do not let anyone judge you with respect to food or drink, or in the matter of a feast, new moon, or Sabbath days – 2:17 these are only the shadow of the things to come, but the reality is Christ! 2:18 Let no one who delights in humility and the worship of angels pass judgment on you. That person goes on at great lengths about what he has supposedly seen, but he is puffed up with empty notions by his fleshly mind. 37 2:19 He has not held fast to the head from whom the whole body, supported and knit together through its ligaments and sinews, grows with a growth that is from God. 2:20 If you have died with Christ to the elemental spirits of the world, why do you submit to them as though you lived in the world? 2:21 “Do not handle! Do not taste! Do not touch!” 2:22 These are all destined to perish with use, founded as they are on human commands and teachings. 2:23 Even though they have the appearance of wisdom with their self-imposed worship and false humility achieved by an unsparing treatment of the body – a wisdom with no true value – they in reality result in fleshly indulgence. Morals and Dogma, by Albert Pike If, in teaching the great doctrine of the divine nature. of the Soul, and in striving to explain its longings after immortality, and in proving its superiority over the souls of the animals, which have no aspirations Heavenward, the ancients struggled in vain to express the nature of the soul, by comparing it to FIRE and LIGHT, it will be well for us to consider whether, with all our boasted knowledge, we have any better or clearer idea of its nature, and whether we have not despairingly taken refuge in having none at all. And if they erred as to its original place of abode, and understood literally the mode and path of its descent, these were but the accessories of the great Truth, and probably, to the Initiates, mere allegories, designed to make the idea more palpable and impressive to the mind. They are at least no more fit to be smiled at by the self-conceit of a vain ignorance, the wealth of whose knowledge consists solely in words, than the bosom of Abraham, as a home for the spirits of the just dead; the gulf of actual fire, for the eternal torture of spirits; and the City of the New Jerusalem, with its walls of jasper and its edifices of pure gold like clear glass, its foundations of precious stones, and its gates each of a single pearl. "I knew a man," says PAUL, "caught up to the third Heaven; . . . . that he was caught up into Paradise, and heard ineffable words, which it is not possible for a man to utter." And nowhere is the antagonism and conflict between the spirit and body more frequently and forcibly insisted on than in the writings of this apostle, nowhere the Divine nature of the soul more strongly asserted. "With the mind," he says, "I serve the law of God; but with the flesh the law of sin. . . .As many as are led by the Spirit of God, are the sons of GOD.... The earnest expectation of the created waits for the manifestation of the sons of God. . . . The created shall be delivered from the bondage of corruption, of the flesh liable to decay, into the glorious liberty of the children of God." 1 KINGS 8 8:27 “God does not really live on the earth! Look, if the sky and the highest heaven cannot contain you, how much less this temple I have built! 8:28 But respond favorably to your servant’s prayer and his request for help, O Lord my God. Answer the desperate prayer your servant is presenting to you today. 8:29 Night and day may you watch over this temple, the place where you promised you would live. May you answer your servant’s prayer for this place. 8:30 Respond to the request of your servant and your people Israel for this place. Hear from inside your heavenly dwelling place and respond favorably. 2 KINGS 2 2:9 When they had crossed over, Elijah said to Elisha, “What can I do for you, before I am taken away from you?” Elisha answered, “May I receive a double portion of the prophetic spirit that energizes you.” 2:10 Elijah replied, “That’s a difficult request! If you see me taken from you, may it be so, but if you don’t, it will not happen.” 2:11 As they were walking along and talking, suddenly a fiery chariot pulled by fiery horses appeared. They went between Elijah and Elisha, and Elijah went up to heaven in a windstorm. 2:12 While Elisha was watching, he was crying out, “My father, my father! The chariot and horsemen of Israel!” Then he could no longer see him. 2 CORINTHIANS 12 12:1 ...Though it is not profitable, I will go on to visions and revelations from the Lord. 12:2 I know a man in Christ who fourteen years ago (whether in the body or out of the body I do not know, God knows) was caught up to the third heaven. 12:3 And I know that this man (whether in the body or apart from the body I do not know, God knows) 12:4 was caught up into paradise and heard things too sacred to be put into words, things that a person is not permitted to speak. 12:5 On behalf of such an individual I will boast, but on my own behalf I will not boast, except about my weaknesses. 12:6 For even if I wish to boast, I will not be a fool, for I would be telling the truth, but I refrain from this so that no one may regard me beyond what he sees in me or what he hears from me, 12:7 even because of the extraordinary character of the revelations. Therefore, so that I would not become arrogant, a thorn in the flesh was given to me, a messenger of Satan to trouble me – so that I would not become arrogant. 12:8 I asked the Lord three times about this, that it would depart from me. 12:9 But he said to me, “My grace is enough for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness.” So then, I will boast most gladly about my weaknesses, so that the power of Christ may reside in me. 12:10 Therefore I am content with weaknesses, with insults, with troubles, with persecutions and difficulties for the sake of Christ, for whenever I am weak, then I am strong. REVELATION 1 1:8 “I am the Alpha and the Omega,” says the Lord God – the one who is, and who was, and who is still to come – the All-Powerful! 1:9 I, John, your brother and the one who shares with you in the persecution, kingdom, and endurance that are in Jesus, was on the island called Patmos because of the word of God and the testimony about Jesus. 1:10 I was in the Spirit on the Lord’s Day when I heard behind me a loud voice like a trumpet, 1:11 saying: “Write in a book what you see and send it to the seven churches – to Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia, and Laodicea.” 1:12 I turned to see whose voice was speaking to me, and when I did so, I saw seven golden lampstands, 1:13 and in the midst of the lampstands was one like a son of man. He was dressed in a robe extending down to his feet and he wore a wide golden belt around his chest. 1:14 His head and hair were as white as wool, even as white as snow, and his eyes were like a fiery flame. 1:15 His feet were like polished bronze refined in a furnace, and his voice was like the roar of many waters. 1:16 He held seven stars in his right hand, and a sharp double-edged sword extended out of his mouth. His face shone like the sun shining at full strength. 1:17 When I saw him I fell down at his feet as though I were dead, but he placed his right hand on me and said: “Do not be afraid! I am the first and the last, 1:18 and the one who lives! I was dead, but look, now I am alive – forever and ever – and I hold the keys of death and of Hades! 59 1:19 Therefore write what you saw, what is, and what will be after these things. 60 1:20 The mystery of the seven stars that you saw in my right hand and the seven golden lampstands is this: The seven stars are the angels of the seven churches and the seven lampstands are the seven churches. 2:1 “To the angel of the church in Ephesus, write the following: “This is the solemn pronouncement of the one who has a firm grasp on the seven stars in his right hand – the one who walks among the seven golden lampstands: 2:2 ‘I know your works as well as your labor and steadfast endurance, and that you cannot tolerate evil. You have even put to the test those who refer to themselves as apostles (but are not), and have discovered that they are false. 2:3 I am also aware that you have persisted steadfastly, endured much for the sake of my name, and have not grown weary. 2:4 But I have this against you: You have departed from your first love! 2:5 Therefore, remember from what high state you have fallen and repent! Do the deeds you did at the first; if not, I will come to you and remove your lampstand from its place – that is, if you do not repent. 16 2:6 But you do have this going for you: You hate what the Nicolaitans practice – practices I also hate. 2:7 The one who has an ear had better hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To the one who conquers, I will permit him to eat from the tree of life that is in the paradise of God.’ Stars are a luminary, and they have a strong gravity. Similarly, a leader of a local church must be a luminary who shines brightly serving the Lord in a special way, with a charismatic gravity to draw people in fellowship and transform them into one family body in Christ. Nicolaitans were known in the cities of Ephesus and Pergamum. Morals and Dogma, by Albert Pike The Will is a force; its limits as yet unknown. It is in the power of the will that we chiefly see the spiritual and divine in man. There is a seeming identity between his will that moves other men, and the Creative Will whose action seems so incomprehensible. It is the men of will and action, not the men of pure intellect, that govern the world. 1 PETER 3 4:9 Show hospitality to one another without complaining. 4:10 Just as each one has received a gift, use it to serve one another as good stewards of the varied grace of God. 4:11 Whoever speaks, let it be with God’s words. Whoever serves, do so with the strength that God supplies, so that in everything God will be glorified through Jesus Christ. To him belong the glory and the power forever and ever. Amen. II JOHN 1:5 But now I ask you, lady (not as if I were writing a new commandment to you, but the one we have had from the beginning), that we love one another. 1:6 (Now this is love: that we walk according to His commandments.) This is the commandment, just as you have heard from the beginning; thus you should walk in it. 1:7 For many deceivers have gone out into the world, people who do not confess Jesus as Christ coming in the flesh. This person is the deceiver and the antichrist! 1:8 Watch out, so that you do not lose the things we have worked for, but receive a full reward. 1:9 Everyone who goes on ahead and does not remain in the teaching (Didache) of Christ does not have God. The one who remains in this teaching (Didache) has both the Father and the Son. 1:10 If anyone comes to you and does not bring this teaching (Didache), do not receive him into your house and do not give him any greeting, 1:11 because the person who gives him a greeting shares in his evil deeds. 2 CORINTHIANS 6 6:14 Do not become partners with those who do not believe, for what partnership is there between righteousness and lawlessness, or what fellowship does light have with darkness? 6:15 And what agreement does Christ have with Beliar? Or what does a believer share in common with an unbeliever? 6:16 And what mutual agreement does the temple of God have with idols? For we are the temple of the living God, just as God said, “I will live in them and will walk among them, and I will be their God, and they will be my people.” 6:17 Therefore “come out from their midst, and be separate,” says the Lord, “and touch no unclean thing, and I will welcome you, 6:18 and I will be a father to you, and you will be my sons and daughters,” says the All-Powerful Lord. TITUS 1 1:10 ...there are many rebellious people, idle talkers, and deceivers, especially those with Jewish connections, 1:11 who must be silenced because they mislead whole families by teaching for dishonest gain what ought not to be taught. 1:12 A certain one of them, in fact, one of their own prophets, said, “Cretans are always liars, evil beasts, lazy gluttons.” 1:13 Such testimony is true. For this reason rebuke them sharply that they may be healthy in the faith 1:14 and not pay attention to Jewish myths and commands of people who reject the truth. 1:15 All is pure to those who are pure. But to those who are corrupt and unbelieving, nothing is pure, but both their minds and consciences are corrupted. 1:16 They profess to know God but with their deeds they deny Him, since they are detestable, disobedient, and unfit for any good deed. 2 TIMOTHY 3 3:10 You, however, have followed my teaching, my way of life, my purpose, my faith, my patience, my love, my endurance, 3:11 as well as the persecutions and sufferings that happened to me in Antioch, in Iconium, and in Lystra. I endured these persecutions and the Lord delivered me from them all. 3:12 Now in fact all who want to live godly lives in Christ Jesus will be persecuted. 3:13 But evil people and charlatans will go from bad to worse, deceiving others and being deceived themselves. 3:14 You, however, must continue in the things you have learned and are confident about. You know who taught you 3:15 and how from infancy you have known the holy writings, which are able to give you wisdom for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus. 3:16 Every scripture is inspired by God and useful for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, 3:17 that the person dedicated to God may be capable and equipped for every good work. MATTHEW 5 5:17 “Do not think that I have come to abolish the law or the prophets. I have not come to abolish these things but to fulfill them. 5:18 I tell you the truth, until heaven and earth pass away not the smallest letter or stroke of a letter will pass from the law until everything takes place. 5:19 So anyone who breaks one of the least of these commands and teaches others to do so will be called least in the kingdom of heaven, but whoever obeys them and teaches others to do so will be called great in the kingdom of heaven. 5:20 For I tell you, unless your righteousness goes beyond that of the experts in the law and the Pharisees, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven. Until "everything takes place" is a subject of controversy LUKE 24 24:44 Then he said to them, “These are my words that I spoke to you while I was still with you, that everything written about me in the law of Moses and the prophets and the psalms must be fulfilled.” 24:45 Then he opened their minds so they could understand the scriptures, 24:46 and said to them, “Thus it stands written that the Christ would suffer and would rise from the dead on the third day, 24:47 and repentance for the forgiveness of sins would be proclaimed in his name to all nations, beginning from Jerusalem. 24:48 You are witnesses of these things. Hosea 6 6:1 Come, and let us return unto the LORD: for he hath torn, and he will heal us; he hath smitten, and he will bind us up. 6:2 After two days will he revive us: in the third day He will raise us up, and we shall live in his sight. Luke 24 24:13 Now that very day two of them were on their way to a village called Emmaus, about seven miles from Jerusalem. 24:14 They were talking to each other about all the things that had happened. 24:15 While they were talking and debating these things, Jesus himself approached and began to accompany them 24:16 (but their eyes were kept from recognizing him). 24:17 Then he said to them, “What are these matters you are discussing so intently as you walk along?” And they stood still, looking sad. 24:18 Then one of them, named Cleopas, answered him, “Are you the only visitor to Jerusalem who doesn’t know the things that have happened there in these days?” 24:19 He said to them, “What things?” “The things concerning Jesus the Nazarene,” they replied, “a man who, with his powerful deeds and words, proved to be a prophet before God and all the people; 24:20 and how our chief priests and rulers handed him over to be condemned to death, and crucified him. 24:21 But we had hoped that he was the one who was going to redeem Israel. Not only this, but it is now the third day since these things happened. 24:22 Furthermore, some women of our group amazed us. They were at the tomb early this morning, 24:23 and when they did not find his body, they came back and said they had seen a vision of angels, who said he was alive. 24:24 Then some of those who were with us went to the tomb, and found it just as the women had said, but they did not see him.” 24:25 So he said to them, “You foolish people – how slow of heart to believe all that the prophets have spoken! 24:26 Wasn’t it necessary for the Christ to suffer these things and enter into his glory?” 24:27 Then beginning with Moses and all the prophets, he interpreted to them the things written about himself in all the scriptures. Romans 11 11:13 Now I am speaking to you Gentiles. Seeing that I am an apostle to the Gentiles, I magnify my ministry, 11:14 if somehow I could provoke my people to jealousy and save some of them. 11:15 For if their rejection is the reconciliation of the world, what will their acceptance be but life from the dead? 1 CORINTHIANS 15 15:12 Now if Christ is being preached as raised from the dead, how can some of you say there is no resurrection of the dead? 15:13 But if there is no resurrection of the dead, then not even Christ has been raised. 15:14 And if Christ has not been raised, then our preaching is futile and your faith is empty. 15:15 Also, we are found to be false witnesses about God, because we have testified against God that he raised Christ from the dead, when in reality he did not raise him, if indeed the dead are not raised. 15:16 For if the dead are not raised, then not even Christ has been raised. 15:17 And if Christ has not been raised, your faith is useless; you are still in your sins. 15:18 Furthermore, those who have fallen asleep in Christ have also perished. 15:19 For if only in this life we have hope in Christ, we should be pitied more than anyone. 15:20 But now Christ has been raised from the dead, the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep. 15:21 For since death came through a man, the resurrection of the dead also came through a man. 12 15:22 For just as in Adam all die, so also in Christ all will be made alive. 15:23 But each in his own order: Christ, the firstfruits; then when Christ comes, those who belong to him. 13 15:24 Then comes the end, when he hands over the kingdom to God the Father, when he has brought to an end all rule and all authority and power. 15:25 For he must reign until he has put all his enemies under his feet. 15:26 The last enemy to be eliminated is death. 15:27 For he has put everything in subjection under his feet. But when it says “everything” has been put in subjection, it is clear that this does not include the one who put everything in subjection to him. 15:28 And when all things are subjected to him, then the Son himself will be subjected to the one who subjected everything to him, so that God may be all in all. If our Lord Jesus Christ will submit to Yahweh in life and death, then we should really consider doing the same thing. 1 CORINTHIANS 88:5 If after all there are so-called gods, whether in heaven or on earth (as there are many gods and many lords), 8:6 yet for us there is one God, the Father, from whom are all things and for whom we live, and one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom are all things and through whom we live. MATTHEW 28 28:16 So the eleven disciples went to Galilee to the mountain Jesus had designated. 28:17 When they saw him, they worshiped him, but some doubted. 28:18 Then Jesus came up and said to them, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. 28:19 Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, 28:20 teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And remember, I am with you always, to the end of the age.” GALATIANS 3 4:6 And because you are sons, God sent the Spirit of His Son into our hearts, who calls “Abba! Father!”

The 183rd Article How it may be just or unjust. But when fortune sends goods to anyone whereof he is truly unworthy, and envy is not excited in us but because naturally, loving justice, we are vexed that it is not observed in the distribution of those goods, it is a zeal (passion) that may be excusable. Especially when the good a man envies others is of such a nature that it may turn to an evil in their hands, as if it be some command or office in the exercising whereof they may misdemean themselves. Yea, even when he desires that good for himself and cannot get it because others less worthy possess it. This makes this passion become the more violent; and yet it may be excusable, provided the hatred in it relate only to the ill distribution of the thing envied, and not to the persons that possess, or distribute it. But there are a few who are so just and generous as to bear no hatred against those that prevent them in the acquisition of a good that is not communicable to many, and that they desired it for themselves, though they who acquired it are as much or more worthy of it. And what is most usually envied is glory. For although that of others does not hinder us from aspiring thereunto, yet it makes the access to it more difficult, and enhances the price. The 184th Article From whence it comes that envious men have sallow complexions. Besides, there is no vice so baneful (harmful) to the felicity (happiness) of man as envy. For, besides that those who are tainted with it afflict themselves, they also, to the utmost of their power trouble the delight of others. And they have commonly sallow (pasty) complexions, that is, a pale mingled with yellow and black, and like blood in a bruise. Whence, envy is called in Latin "livor," which agrees very well with what has been said here before of the motions of the blood in sadness and hatred; for this causes the yellow choler coming from the lower part of the liver, and the black coming from the spleen, to spread from the heart through the arteries into all the veins; and that causes the blood of the veins to have less heat, and flow more slowly than ordinarily, which is sufficient to make the complexion livid. But because choler, as well as yellow as black, may be also sent into the veins by many other causes, and envy may not drive enough into them to alter the colour of the complexion, unless it be exceeding[ly] great, and of long continuance it ought not to be thought that all those of this complexion are thereunto inclined. The 185th Article Of pity. Pity is sort of sadness, mingled with love or goodwill towards those whom we see suffer any evil whereof we esteem them unworthy. So it is contrary to envy because of its object, and derision because it considers them in another manner. MATTHEW 5 5:43 “You have heard that it was said, ‘Love your neighbor’ 52 and ‘hate your enemy.’ 5:44 But I say to you, love your enemy and 53 pray for those who persecute you, 5:45 so that you may be like 54 your Father in heaven, since he causes the sun to rise on the evil and the good, and sends rain on the righteous and the unrighteous. 5:46 For if you love those who love you, what reward do you have? Even the tax collectors 55 do the same, don’t they? 5:47 And if you only greet your brothers, what more do you do? Even the Gentiles do the same, don’t they? 5:48 So then, be perfect, as your heavenly Father is perfect. 56 MATTHEW 27 27:15 During the feast the governor was accustomed to release one prisoner to the crowd, 18 whomever they wanted. 27:16 At that time they had in custody a notorious prisoner named Jesus 19 Barabbas. 27:17 So after they had assembled, Pilate said to them, “Whom do you want me to release for you, Jesus 20 Barabbas or Jesus who is called the Christ?” 21 27:18 (For he knew that they had handed him over because of envy.) 22 27:19 As 23 he was sitting on the judgment seat, 24 his wife sent a message 25 to him: 26 “Have nothing to do with that innocent man; 27 I have suffered greatly as a result of a dream 28 about him today.” 27:20 But the chief priests and the elders persuaded the crowds to ask for Barabbas and to have Jesus killed. 27:21 The 29 governor asked them, “Which of the two do you want me to release for you?” And they said, “Barabbas!” 27:22 Pilate said to them, “Then what should I do with Jesus who is called the Christ?” 30 They all said, “Crucify him!” 31 27:23 He asked, “Why? What wrong has he done?” But they shouted more insistently, “Crucify him!” 1 CORINTHIANS 11 11:23 For I received from the Lord what I also passed on to you, that the Lord Jesus on the night in which he was betrayed took bread, 11:24 and after he had given thanks he broke it and said, “This is my body, which is for you. Do this in remembrance of me.” 11:25 In the same way, he also took the cup after supper, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in my blood. Do this, every time you drink it, in remembrance of me.” 11:26 For every time you eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaim the Lord’s death until he comes. 11:27 For this reason, whoever eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord in an unworthy manner will be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord. 11:28 A person should examine himself first, 8 and in this way 9 let him eat the bread and drink of the cup. 11:29 For the one who eats and drinks without careful regard 10 for the body eats and drinks judgment against himself. 11:30 That is why many of you are weak and sick, and quite a few are dead. 11 11:31 But if we examined ourselves, we would not be judged. 11:32 But when we are judged by the Lord, we are disciplined so that we may not be condemned with the world. 11:33 So then, my brothers and sisters, 12 when you come together to eat, wait for one another. 11:34 If anyone is hungry, let him eat at home, so that when you assemble it does not lead to judgment. HEBREWS 10 10:32 But remember the former days when you endured a harsh conflict of suffering after you were enlightened. 10:33 At times you were publicly exposed to abuse and afflictions, and at other times you came to share with others who were treated in that way. 10:34 For in fact you shared the sufferings of those in prison, 40 and you accepted the confiscation of your belongings with joy, because you knew that you certainly had a better and lasting possession. 10:35 So do not throw away your confidence, because it has great reward. 10:36 For you need endurance in order to do God’s will and so receive what is promised. 10:37 For just a little longer 44 and he who is coming will arrive and not delay. 10:38 But my righteous one will live by faith [Isaiah 26:20 Go, my people! Enter your inner rooms! Close your doors behind you! Hide for a little while, until his angry judgment is over! 35 26:21 For look, the Lord is coming out of the place where he lives, to punish the sin of those who live on the earth. The earth will display the blood shed on it; it will no longer cover up its slain.], and if he shrinks back, I take no pleasure in him. 10:39 But we are not among those who shrink back and thus perish, but are among those who have faith and preserve their souls. TITUS 3 3:1 Remind them to be subject to rulers and 1 authorities, to be obedient, to be ready for every good work. 3:2 They must not slander 2 anyone, but be peaceable, gentle, showing complete courtesy to all people. 3:3 For we too were once foolish, disobedient, misled, enslaved to various passions and desires, spending our lives in evil and envy, hateful and hating one another. 3:4 3 But “when the kindness of God our Savior and his love for mankind appeared, 3:5 he saved us not by works of righteousness that we have done but on the basis of his mercy, through the washing of the new birth and the renewing of the Holy Spirit, 3:6 whom he poured out on us in full measure 4 through Jesus Christ our Savior. 3:7 And so, 5 since we have been justified by his grace, we become heirs with the confident expectation of eternal life. 1 JOHN 1 2:3 Now 7 by this we know that we have come to know God: if we keep his commandments. 2:4 The one who says “I have come to know God” and yet does not keep his commandments is a liar, and the truth is not in such a person. 2:5 But whoever obeys his word, truly in this person the love of God has been perfected. By this we know that we are in him. 2:6 The one who says he resides in God ought himself to walk just as Jesus walked.

The 180th Article Of the use of jesting. As for modest jesting, which wholesomely reprehends (finds fault) vices by making them appear ridiculous, so a man laugh not at them himself, nor show any hatred against persons, it is not a passion but a becoming quality in a man, that makes the liveliness of his disposition appear, and the tranquility of his soul, which are marks of virtue; and oft-times the nimblessness of his wit too, in that he knows how to set a handsome gloss on things he jests at. The 181st Article Of the use of laughter in jesting. And it is not unhandsome to laugh at the hearing of another man's jests: nay, perchance they may be such, that it were doltishness (foolish) not to laugh at them. But when a man jests himself, it is more seemly to abstain from it, that he may not seem to be surprised by the things he speaks, nor admire the dexterity of their invention; and that causes those who hear them to be surprised so much the more. The 182nd Article Of envy. That which commonly is called envy is a vice that consists in a perverseness (irrational behavior) of nature, which causes certain men to fret at the good that they see befalls other men. But I here use this word to signify a passion which is not always vicious. Envy then, as it is a passion, is a sort of sadness mixed with hatred which comes from seeing good betide those we think unworthy of it; which cannot be thought with reason, but of the goods of fortune. For, as for those of the soul, yea and the body too, seeing a man has them by birth, it is to be sufficiently worthy of them, that he received them from God before he was capable to commit any evil. Reparation means making of amends PROVERBS 14 14:7 Leave the presence of a foolish person, or you will not understand wise counsel. 14:8 The wisdom of the shrewd person is to discern his way, but the folly of fools is deception. 14:9 Fools mock at reparation, but among the upright there is favor. ECCLESIASTES 10 10:12 The words of a wise person win him favor, but the words of a fool are self-destructive. 10:13 At the beginning his words are foolish and at the end his talk is wicked madness, 10:14 yet a fool keeps on babbling. No one knows what will happen; who can tell him what will happen in the future? 10:15 The toil of a stupid fool wears him out, because he does not even know the way to the city. EPHESIANS 5 5:1 Therefore, be imitators of God as dearly loved children 5:2 and live in love, just as Christ also loved us and gave himself for us, a sacrificial and fragrant offering to God. 5:3 But among you there must not be either sexual immorality, impurity of any kind, or greed, as these are not fitting for the saints. 7 5:4 Neither should there be vulgar speech, foolish talk, or coarse jesting – all of which are out of character – but rather thanksgiving. 5:5 For you can be confident of this one thing: that no person who is immoral, impure, or greedy (such a person is an idolater) has any inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and God.

I am focused on writing about the Didache. Once I am done, then I will participate in politics again.

I take it you are not a Donald Trump fan Human?

May our Creator bless you Human to take the right direction.